IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science最新文献_第5页

Wheat as a test object for determining the degree of soil contamination with petroleum products 将小麦作为确定土壤受石油产品污染程度的测试对象

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1390/1/012019

L R Asfandiyarova, G V Khakimova, I V Ovsyannikova

{"title":"Wheat as a test object for determining the degree of soil contamination with petroleum products","authors":"L R Asfandiyarova, G V Khakimova, I V Ovsyannikova","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1390/1/012019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1390/1/012019","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the oil and gas industry remains the leader in meeting the global need for energy resources. The high intensity of hydrocarbon production naturally leads to an increase in the volume of petrochemical waste that ends up in the natural environment. In this regard, the implementation of toxicological assessment of oil-containing soils and water bodies is one of the most important environmental tasks. Biotesting allows for a quick integral assessment of the properties of a contaminated environment. This method of toxicity analysis is economical and does not require the use of special chemical reagents and equipment. The seeds of higher vegetation are the most accessible, easy to use and universal test objects. However, it is necessary to use only species that are highly sensitive to pollutants. This article is based on the results of a study of the phytotoxicity of gray forest soil contaminated with petroleum products using wheat. Experiments have shown that soil contaminated with oil waste has a strong inhibitory effect on wheat seedlings. It was found that small doses of petroleum products (0.31% oil) have a stimulating effect on seed germination in the analyzed soil.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction of accident risk in construction projects using data on safety and quality deviations from a Norwegian company 利用一家挪威公司的安全和质量偏差数据预测建筑项目的事故风险

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012010

Kristine Hjemgård

{"title":"Prediction of accident risk in construction projects using data on safety and quality deviations from a Norwegian company","authors":"Kristine Hjemgård","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012010","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the potential of machine learning to predict the risk of accidents in construction projects. Data has been gathered from a Norwegian construction company over a period of nearly seven years, consisting of 156 projects. 46 features are constructed, primarily focusing on observations and incidents on health, safety, and environment, as well as quality deviations. Using mutual information, 20 important features are identified. These are later used to train six classification models, which are evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation. The target feature of the classification problem is the level of risk, which describes the probability of accidents for a project: low risk, risk of less severe accidents, risk of serious accidents, and risk of critical accidents. The model performances are poor compared to previous studies. This is likely a result of the amount of projects and the total number of different features used to train the models. Based on the limited data that is utilized, the results still indicate that there is a potential in some of the data, especially observations and incidents. It is suggested that incorporating project worker-related data and more project information could enhance the accuracy of predictions.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"251 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monitoring Design Buzz: A Visual BIM-Based Approach 监测设计嗡嗡声：基于可视化 BIM 的方法

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012009

Hisham Abou-Ibrahim, Eelon Lappalainen, Jyrki Oraskari, Atoosa Aliheidarloo

{"title":"Monitoring Design Buzz: A Visual BIM-Based Approach","authors":"Hisham Abou-Ibrahim, Eelon Lappalainen, Jyrki Oraskari, Atoosa Aliheidarloo","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012009","url":null,"abstract":"The requirements of modern buildings have increased the complexity of design, where several systems need to be developed and coordinated simultaneously. Although BIM has improved the construction process, it has also led to increased information size generated by each discipline, which complicates the monitoring and control of the process. Several tools allow the one-to-one comparison of BIM model versions to reveal progress aspects related to location, geometry, and property changes. Although these tools are beneficial, current platforms do not document progress over time or reveal the zones in the BIM model where design efforts are exercised. This study develops an artefact that (1) tracks changes in model versions over time, (2) categorises them based on location and recency, and (3) visualises the progress while showing the areas having the main design buzz. The visual artefact is expected to increase process transparency among different disciplines, promote concurrent engineering by carefully managing design works in selected zones, enhance the control of design progress against a pre-set schedule, and support takt production by linking current design work to the information needs of takt areas.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategies of re-use of building materials and components (BMC) in Scandinavian renovation and transformation projects 斯堪的纳维亚翻新和改造项目中建筑材料和构件（BMC）的再利用战略

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012040

Marit Støre-Valen

{"title":"Strategies of re-use of building materials and components (BMC) in Scandinavian renovation and transformation projects","authors":"Marit Støre-Valen","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012040","url":null,"abstract":"Re-use of building materials and -components (BMC) in renovation and transformation project has a great potential to capture Circular Economy principles (CE). This study looks at strategies and sustainable development goals among a selection of public and private building owners and how they are practising circular principles in Scandinavian renovation and transformation projects. This is done by studying national and international research literature, national and European (EU) policy documents, business strategy documents and semi-structured in-depth interviews among private and public building owners. In Scandinavia, there are national strategies and regulations that promote circularity within the building sector. However, on a local level, only the large city municipalities have applied this by local guidelines and action plans. The research literature and the building owners interviewed, points towards the need to collaborate to reach national SDG’s. One suggestion is that the building material suppliers take responsibility to store and resell BMC, ensuring quality documentation. The building owners report that the main motivation to do re-use of BMC in renovation projects is the focus on the climate gas reduction, competence development and the internal environmental goals. However, further collaboration, competence and innovation is needed to upscale re-use of BMC to a larger market.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Integrated Framework for Digital Twins in Hospitals 医院数字双胞胎综合框架

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012042

Rodrigo Pedral Sampaio, António Aguiar Costa, Inês Flores-Colen, Nora Johanne Klungseth, Marco Giovanni Semini, Sondre Nordvik

{"title":"An Integrated Framework for Digital Twins in Hospitals","authors":"Rodrigo Pedral Sampaio, António Aguiar Costa, Inês Flores-Colen, Nora Johanne Klungseth, Marco Giovanni Semini, Sondre Nordvik","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012042","url":null,"abstract":"The architecture, engineering, construction, and facility management (AECFM) industry has been criticized for having a level of digitalization far below that of other manufacturing sectors, especially in creating digital assets, expanding digital tools, and creating digital jobs. The challenge of managing the built environment is currently particularly complex, considering the increasing performance requirements not only in terms of energy and the environment but also from a human perspective. Digital twin technology, with its ability to create virtual replicas of physical assets, has gained significant traction in the built environment sector. These virtual twins offer immense potential for monitoring, simulation, and optimization. Nonetheless, to fully harness their benefits, an integrated framework is essential. Such a framework would guide seamless implementation, interoperability, and effective utilization of digital twins across various domains. Several questions may arise when we create a digital twin for the built environment: How should we structure the digital twin model? What information should we be able to visualize? How should the digital twin model interact with the user? These are some of the questions we still need a consistent answer. A mixed-methods approach that combined a literature review with with expert interviews was used to understand better the current state of digital twin applications in the built environment sector. This study emphasizes the significance of using an integrated approach to develop digital twin technology to realize its full potential in the built environment industry. It puts forward a framework specifically designed for hospital facilities.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"448 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urgency to action: Enabling circular futures for the building sector 行动的紧迫性：促进建筑行业的循环未来

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012003

Rebecka Lundgren, Lassi Tähtinen, Riikka Kyrö, Saija Toivonen

{"title":"Urgency to action: Enabling circular futures for the building sector","authors":"Rebecka Lundgren, Lassi Tähtinen, Riikka Kyrö, Saija Toivonen","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012003","url":null,"abstract":"The world is suffering from increasing weather extremes caused by climate change of which the building sector is a major contributor. There is however a large reduction potential in the sector and circular economy has received increased attention both within research and practice. This study explores circular futures within the building sector through the futures studies method of backcasting. Two circular futures for the year 2035 are imagined in separate expert workshops. In one workshop the future described is one where buildings are only extended vertically and no new construction takes place, and the other workshop describes one where vacant office buildings are adapted to housing. The aim is to establish themes which may guide the building sector to become more circular through building adaptation. Many themes are common for both futures, such as the urgency of change and the importance of political willingness and action. Further, social acceptance, funding, and economic feasibility assessments emerged as important. Working with existing buildings undoubtedly entails higher uncertainty than new construction. Tools to adequately account for this uncertainty, without the need to exaggerate the risk in lifecycle costing, could improve the uptake of both adaptive reuse and vertical extension projects. The findings contribute to new knowledge of themes to enable a more circular built environment, and are useful for researchers, practitioners and policymakers wanting to contribute to a more circular real estate and construction sector.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainability in project portfolios: a scoping literature review for the transport sector 项目组合的可持续性：运输部门的范围界定文献综述

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012004

Arianna Minoretti, Agnar Johansen, Paulos Wondimu

{"title":"Sustainability in project portfolios: a scoping literature review for the transport sector","authors":"Arianna Minoretti, Agnar Johansen, Paulos Wondimu","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012004","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable transport is one of the strategic goals of public roads administrations. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is working to develop a sustainable portfolio of projects. Literature on sustainable portfolio management for the infrastructure sector could help in developing strategies for portfolio management and succeed the challenges. The purpose of the paper is to identify existing literature on sustainable portfolio management in the transport sector and identify key findings in the existing literature. A literature review is performed by combining the three main keywords of “portfolio management”, “sustainability” and “infrastructure”. Structured search is performed in scientific databases, such as Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science, considering relevant keywords’ synonyms and using string combinations. The study shows that there is scarce relevant literature dealing with the topic of interest, combining all the chosen keywords. Partial combinations of the keywords are investigated. The results provide five key findings on the paper’s topic. First, the existing literature on Portfolio Management focused on sustainability is more on energy, finance, data, or product fields, and is seldom related to infrastructure. Second, the literature focuses more on project portfolio selection than on portfolio management. Third, when the literature focuses on constructions, different sets of criteria are used to identify sustainability. As a result, sustainability does not have a unique definition. Fourth, there is little available literature on tools and methodologies for using a set of criteria to select projects specific to the transport sector. Fifth, there is no unison agreement in the literature on which tools and methodologies to use for Portfolio Management in the infrastructure sector. In conclusion, the paper identifies a gap in Portfolio Management focused on sustainability in the infrastructure sector.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contract strategy discussions in the front-end of major public investment projects in Norway 挪威重大公共投资项目前端的合同战略讨论

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012018

Ola Lædre, Parinaz Farid, Atle Engebø

{"title":"Contract strategy discussions in the front-end of major public investment projects in Norway","authors":"Ola Lædre, Parinaz Farid, Atle Engebø","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012018","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2000, the Norwegian Ministry of Finance has implemented a state project model for large public investment projects, primarily consisting of two stages: Quality Assurance 1 (QA1) and Quality Assurance 2 (QA2). In QA1, consultants review the conceptual appraisal, including the contract strategy; in QA2, they assess the steering base. This study examines how contract strategies are addressed in the early phases of major projects under this state model, analyzing procurement approaches, contract structures, and compensation formats. The database we used contains data from 313 projects of which 229 projects had a QA2 report at the time of the study. The findings suggest that although contract structures and compensation formats are frequently discussed, procurement approaches are less scrutinized. Analysis of QA reports indicates a recurring deficiency in the depth of discussions regarding project-specific influences on contract strategy, which results in overly generic recommendations. The study underscores the need for more tailored discussions on contract strategy and the potential benefits of project-specific market surveys to enhance these strategies.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of test results of the P-20 multi-rotor UAV when spraying pesticides in precision agriculture P-20 多旋翼无人机在精准农业中喷洒农药的测试结果分析

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1390/1/012024

I V Kovalev, D I Kovalev, V A Podoplelova, D V Borovinsky

{"title":"Analysis of test results of the P-20 multi-rotor UAV when spraying pesticides in precision agriculture","authors":"I V Kovalev, D I Kovalev, V A Podoplelova, D V Borovinsky","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1390/1/012024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1390/1/012024","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an overview of the current results of using multi-rotor UAVs when spraying pesticides in precision agriculture. It is noted that, as part of improving the technology for using UAVs, it is necessary to continue work on optimizing and testing the parameters of UAV transport and technological cycles together with a reasonable choice of special reagents and their combinations to improve the spraying effect and increase the level of use of pesticides. This will directly affect the improvement of the quality and efficiency of precision farming systems. The analysis presented in the work is based on testing the parameters of the transport and technological cycle of a multi-rotor UAV of the P-20 type, which was used to spray pesticides on cotton fields to combat aphids and spider mites on cotton at the flowering and boll setting stages. The results are considered that make it possible to analyze and compare the laws of uniform and penetrating deposition and drift of droplets in cotton canopies at different UAV flight altitudes. It has been shown that spraying small volumes of agrochemicals using UAVs at low altitudes differs from operations performed using modern manned aircraft or boom sprayers. The flight altitude of the UAV has a significant impact on the deposition and drift of droplets. The results of studies related to elucidating the effect of defoliant adsorption on cotton leaves are also noted. The adsorption of acetamiprid and spirodiclofen was studied. Methods for statistical processing of the obtained experimental data are presented, in particular, to test the significance of the influence of flight altitude on the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impacts of the Tampere Tramway Project 坦佩雷有轨电车项目的影响

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012033

Terttu Vainio, Eero Nippala

{"title":"The Impacts of the Tampere Tramway Project","authors":"Terttu Vainio, Eero Nippala","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012033","url":null,"abstract":"Light Rail transport within the city has become an interesting form of public transport in many cities in Europe as well as in other parts of the world. According to the experience of the reference cities, light rail or tramway is primarily an urban development project, not only a public transport project. This case study focuses on the indirect impacts of a tramway project. Do they really happen or is their valuation just a means to achieve political will. The city of Tampere is one of a few growing cities in Finland. The growth of the city caused congestion in the city centre, where the bus lines either ended or whose pendulum lines passed. Project planning for the Tampere tramway started in the early 2000s, construction began in 2017, traffic on the first lines started in 2021. In the tramway, the decisions are based on future expectations. In our research, we assess how well these expectations have been realised in the Tampere tramway project by means of a literature survey and statistical comparisons. The developments to be considered are the direct and indirect investments in the construction of the tramway, the demographic changes, and the housing markets. The evaluation material consists of official regional statistics. According to evaluation, the land use of Tampere has become more efficient than expected in the area affected by the tramway. Not only on empty plots, but also old low commercial buildings have been replaced by high new residential buildings. The tramway has supported urban development by attracting investors to build on previously for abandoned plots. The main street of Tampere is dedicated to the tram, a limited number of buses and light traffic, so congestion has been reduced.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0