IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Indigenous Claim Supports in vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Screening of certain South Indian Medicinal Plants","authors":"S. Yusuf, K. Srinivasan, J. Harindran.","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203065356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203065356","url":null,"abstract":"Plant drugs enjoy much acclaim and wide acceptability even in the midst of amazing advancements in modern medicine. Current research in drug discovery from medicinal plants involves a multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biological and molecular techniques. Evaluation of certain selected south Indian medicinal plants popularly used in Indian system of medicine has been taken up for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The plants selected were Heliotropium indicum, Schleichera oleosa, Shorea robusta, Symplocos cochinchinensis and Wrightia tinctoria. Antioxidant activities involved DPPH, total antioxidant, iron chelating and nitric oxide assays. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out by MTT using SKMEL-28 and HCT-15 cell lines. Results obtained could very well support the therapeutic claims made for the investigated plants.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"53-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87762554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fly ash induced Morphological, Biochemical and Metal accumulation responses at different developmental stages in Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Revised","authors":"S. Bashir, R. ManikS., A. WagayN., M. A. Shah","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203060513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203060513","url":null,"abstract":"The research of many previous years has guaranteed the use of fly ash as a material for another green revolution. The present study was channeled to roll up the brilliance of the fly ash in agriculture meticulously. The experiments were conducted in pots of 20cm diameter with 6-7 kg capacity at Department of Botany SGBAU Amravati. The effect of varying levels of fly ash on the morphological and physiological response (protein content, carbohydrates, chlorophyll and carotenoids) of soya bean Glycine max (L.) Merrill. at three growth stages was observed. The varying levels of fly ash prepared with soil were 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and a control of only garden soil was maintained. Experimental examination shows a momentous boost in plant biomass, yield and physiological response up to the level of 20 % fly ash from vegetative to pre flowering stage. After post flowering stage reduction in the physiological response was observed probably related to the distribution of nutrients at this stage.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"05-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82316552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Histopathological Effect of Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee on the Histomorphology of the Kidney of Adult Male Albino Wistar Rats","authors":"I. Umoh, E. O. Jimmy","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203056266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203056266","url":null,"abstract":"The comparative effect of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on the histomorphology of the kidney of male albino Wistar rats was investigated. Thirty-five (35) male albino Wistar rats (weighing between 135 185g) were grouped into seven (7) groups with 5 rats in each group. Group 1 served as the control while Groups 2 to 7 were the test groups. Caffeinated coffee at doses of 5mg, 10mg and 15mg per kg body weight of rats were administered orally to Groups 2, 3, 4 respectively. 5mg, 10mg, 15mg per kg body weight of decaffeinated coffee were administered orally to Groups 5, 6, 7. After 28 days of administration of the coffee, the animals were sacrificed, kidneys were harvested, fixed, processed and cut at 5 microns, stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E technique) and observed for histopathological alterations under light microscope. Results showed numerous tubular degeneration, vascular degeneration, tubular necrosis, glomerular inflammation and loss of epithelial lining in the test groups when compared to the control Group 1. Statistically, the body weight of the rats was observed to be significantly different in coffee treated groups (p < 0.05) when compared to the control. In conclusion, caffeinated coffee has severe effect on the kidney of male albino Wistar rats but is significantly reduced with decaffeinated coffee.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"62-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86716168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Relationship amongSome Wheat Genotypes Using Ten ISSR Markers","authors":"Melathkadem FarhoodAL Ghufaili, A. Al-Tamimi","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203063036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203063036","url":null,"abstract":"Ten of ISSRs (interSimple Sequence Repeats) markers were used for revealing genetic relationship, genetic diversity and DNA fingerprint of ten bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) genotypes. Primers varied among them in giving unique DNA fingerprint hence primers HB12, UBC811andUBC852 gave unique fingerprint for all ten studied wheat genotypes, others varied between 2-6 fingerprint genotypes while primer 17899A gave no unique fingerprint. High genetic distance was 0.661 while low genetic distance was 0.131.Cluster analysis (Phylogenetic tree) grouped studied genotypes in to two main groups ,the first small one included only one genotype while the other large main group included the rest genotypes which further divided in to two sub groups .ISSRs represent good marker for revealing genetic diversity and genotypes fingerprinting. The results could help plant breeder in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83012630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Gastrointestinal Parasite of Cattle and Goat Slaughtered At Trans Amadi Abattoir, Port Harcourt-Rivers State","authors":"A. Abah, N. E. Ebong","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203062124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203062124","url":null,"abstract":"This work was to survey gastrointestinal parasites of cattle and goat slaughtered at Trans Amadi abattoir in Port-Harcourt. A total of 100 faecal samples of the ruminants were examined comprising of 50 cattle and 50 goats. Formol-ether concentration technique was used for sample analyses and examined with microscopically. The data obtained were subjected to simple statistical analysis using percentages to determine the prevalence rate in both ruminants studied. The result showed that 28(56.0%) of cattle and 23(46.0%) of the goat were infected with gastrointestinal parasites. The infection was slightly higher in the cattle than the goat though the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Among the cattle, the organisms identified were Haemonchus contortus,Trichuris globulosa,Trichostrongylus columbriformis Monezia benedeni and Fasciola gigantica. The most prevalent organism was Haemonchus contortus 34.0%, followed by Monezia benedeni 14.0%, while Trichuris globulosa 2.0% and Fasciola gigantica 2.0% were the least. The organisms identified from the goat on the other hand include; Haemonchus contortus, Trichostongylus columbriformis, Monezia benedeni, Taenia species. The most dominant organism was Taenia species 16%, followed by Monezia benedeni 14.0%, and while Trichostongylus columbriformis was the least dominant. The result showed a moderately high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite during the period of study. Abattoir survey is an excellent way of determining the prevalence of ruminant parasitic disease as to control the disease through regular de-worming, proper feeding and good sanitary measures.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91311098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-tumour Activity of Aqueous Wheat Grass Extracts against Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis","authors":"Caroline Wasonga, Maureen Osoro","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203072428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203072428","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is the leading cause of death globally and in 2015, cancer accounted for 8.8 million deaths worldwide. Liver cancer is the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer, causing many fatalities in both developed and developing countries. In attempting to manage the increasing cases of liver cancer and especially hepatocellular carcinoma, natural products like triticum aestivum (wheat grass) have been tested for their anti-oxidant and therapeutic properties. Treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma is still a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the effect of wheat grass on the progression of induced liver tumours in rats. Carcinogenesis was induced in experimental and positive group of rats. Development and progression of carcinogenesis was monitored by quantifying levels of alanine Transaminase, total sialic acid and by histological analysis. The results of the study showed that the levels of alanine transaminase and sialic acid consistently decreased throughout the experimental period on rats that were fed on wheat grass extracts compared to positive control. Histological analysis also showed protection of the hepatocytes from carcinogenesis development. Overall, the results from tumor markers and histological analysis, demonstrated that addition of wheat grass to the diet slowed down progression of carcinogenesis.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"194 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89037466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Rearing Performance of Six Strains of Eri Silk Worm Samia Ricini, Donovan in Four Different Seasons.","authors":"Priyanki Sharma, J. Kalita","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203051318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203051318","url":null,"abstract":"Samia ricini, commonly known as eri silk worm is a domesticated, multivoltine, polyphagous silkworm species which have several morphotypes having distinct morphological differences. This silkworm species is cultured in different regions of North-eastern states specially in Assam. In addition to twenty six different ecoraces, six morphologically distinct strains of Samia ricini have been identified on the basis of larval markings and colour, they are Yellow plain (YP), Yellow spotted(YS), Yellow Zebra(YZ) and Greenish blue plain(GBP), Greenish blue spotted(GBS), Greenish blue zebra(GBZ).The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the rearing performance of these six strains of eri silk worm in four different seasons. To achieve this goal Fecundity, Hatching percent, Effective rate of rearing, larval duration and moth emergence and Shell ratio(%) were evaluated in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The study reported significant differences in all these parameters among different strains. The variation among them was significant at P <0.05 significant level. Seasonal variation also have profound effect on these parameters. Summer and winter seasons were reported as unfavorable in terms of performance while spring and autumn can be considered more suitable. Present study revealed that Yellow spotted strain showed highest shell ratio (%) therefore expected to produce more silk. ERR and hatching(%) was highest in GBP and GBS showed highest fecundity in autumn followed by spring. Larval duration was longest in GBS in winter and lowest in GBP in summer. The results revealed that Greenish blue strains -GBP and GBS are better in terms of rearing performance and spring and autumn are the favorable seasons for rearing of all six strains.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84502173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Multi-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from a tertiary health care centre of Bangladesh","authors":"K. Dhar, Tareq Mahmud, Rocky Chowdhury, Sanzida Kulsum, T. Dhar","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203054852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203054852","url":null,"abstract":"Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged over the last decade as a significant opportunistic pathogen and primarily associated with hospital-acquired infections. Increasing multidrug resistance pattern of A. baumannii makes it among the most difficult antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacilli to control and treat. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify A. baumannii from clinical samples and to determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern to commonly prescribed drugs to find out Multi-Drug Resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB). Nine different clinical samples were collected from patients admitted to Comilla Medical College Hospital (CoMCH). A. baumannii were isolated and identified based on their growth, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. Their antibiograms were studied through standard disk diffusion method, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns were interpreted. Meropenem, Cephalexin, Ampicillin, Gentamycin, Tetracycline, and Chloramphenicol were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the isolates. Three A. baumannii isolates were recovered from different clinical samples. Though the isolates showed similar growth and physiological characteristics along with similar biochemical profiles, they differ considerably in their sensitivity against several antibiotics. With an exception to tetracycline, A. baumannii W2 found to exhibit remarkable resistance against all the test antibiotics including meropenem. On the other hand, both A. baumannii C2 and A. baumannii C3 showed similar resistance pattern. Both were also MDRAB showing resistance to cephalexin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. The recovery of MDRAB including meropenem-resistant A. baumannii from different clinical specimens, and their antibiotic resistance pattern hint emergence of a formidable pathogen of nosocomial origin. The findings of the study urge revision and up-gradation of current patient maintenance practices in health care providing centres of our country to limit the prevalence of antibiotic resistant A. baumannii.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87039104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the bioactive compounds of medicinal importance in the leaves of Lantana camara L. and Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees.","authors":"Maria Cheenickal, Romilly Margaret Mendez","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203073336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203073336","url":null,"abstract":"The present study includes the phytochemical detection and antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Lantana camara L. and Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract of leaves shade dried indicated the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids and glycosides. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves of Lantana camara and Andrographis paniculata were evaluated against the human pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by well diffusion method. Among the extracts analysed ethanolic extracts showed promising results whereas aqueous extracts did not report any zone of inhibition. The ethanol leaf extract (200μg/ml) showed maximum inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (16mm). Phytochemical tests carried out showed that the antibacterial activity of plant Lantana camara and Andrographis paniculata leaves was due to the presence of phytochemical compounds present in it.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82714380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nano Silicon Dioxide Addition on Some Properties of Heat Vulcanized Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer","authors":"Mustafa S. Tukmachi, M. M. Ali","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203063743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203063743","url":null,"abstract":"Silicone elastomer is widely used as the material of choice for fabricating maxillofacial prosthesis. However, silicone properties are far from ideal; low tear strength, low tensile strength and insufficient elasticity are the most undesirable properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of nano SiO2filler on tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and color of Cosmesil M-511 HTV maxillofacial silicone elastomer. Nano SiO2was added to the silicone base in concentrations of 4%, 5% and 6% by weight. Silicone with 0% nano filler served as a control. Tear test was done according to ISO 34-1. Tensile and elongation test was done according to ISO 37. Shore A hardness test was done according to ISO 7619. Visual color measurement test was done according to ASTM D1535. Scanning electron microscope was used to assess the efficiency of dispersing method. FTIR test was conducted to evaluate the interaction of nano SiO2with the silicone. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD test. SEM showed well dispersion of nano filler within the silicone matrix. FTIR indicated that nano SiO2interacted with the PDMS through its surface hydroxyl group. All nano SiO2concentration groups showed a highly significant increase in tear strength, tensile strength and elongation at break compared to the control group. The 5% group showed the highest mean values among other groups. Shore A hardness showed a highly significant increase with all nano SiO2concentrations with the increase being directly proportional to filler concentration increase. Spectrophotometer results showed a highly significant decrease in translucency of the material with all nano filler concentrations but this decrease in translucency was visually demonstrated as slight increase in color intensity. Reinforcement of M-511 silicone with 5% nano SiO2significantly improves all mechanical properties tested with a slight change of color seen visually.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79791971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}