{"title":"Association of Sex, Age, and Comorbidities with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mohitosh Biswas, Shawonur Rahaman, Tapash Kumar Biswas, Zahirul Haque, Baharudin Ibrahim","doi":"10.1159/000512592","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000512592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is causing mortality in considerable proportion of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients, however, evidence for the association of sex, age, and comorbidities on the risk of mortality is not well-aggregated yet. It was aimed to assess the association of sex, age, and comorbidities with mortality in COVID-2019 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literatures were searched using different keywords in various databases. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated by RevMan software where statistical significance was set as p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>COVID-19 male patients were associated with significantly increased risk of mortality compared to females (RR 1.86: 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67-2.07; p < 0.00001). Patients with age ≥50 years were associated with 15.4-folds significantly increased risk of mortality compared to patients with age <50 years (RR 15.44: 95% CI 13.02-18.31; p < 0.00001). Comorbidities were also associated with significantly increased risk of mortality; kidney disease (RR 4.90: 95% CI 3.04-7.88; p < 0.00001), cereborovascular disease (RR 4.78; 95% CI 3.39-6.76; p < 0.00001), cardiovascular disease (RR 3.05: 95% CI 2.20-4.25; p < 0.00001), respiratory disease (RR 2.74: 95% CI 2.04-3.67; p < 0.00001), diabetes (RR 1.97: 95% CI 1.48-2.64; p < 0.00001), hypertension (RR 1.95: 95% CI 1.58-2.40; p < 0.00001), and cancer (RR 1.89; 95% CI 1.25-2.84; p = 0.002) but not liver disease (RR 1.64: 95% CI 0.82-3.28; p= 0.16).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementation of adequate protection and interventions for COVID-19 patients in general and in particular male patients with age ≥50 years having comorbidities may significantly reduce risk of mortality associated with COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7801974/pdf/int-0001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38703652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntervirologyPub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1159/000513757
J. Manuguerra, U. Liebert
{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"J. Manuguerra, U. Liebert","doi":"10.1159/000513757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000513757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45766816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntervirologyPub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1159/000510374
J. Manuguerra, Thomas Labadie
{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"J. Manuguerra, Thomas Labadie","doi":"10.1159/000510374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510374","url":null,"abstract":"deadline 3 May 2020 pi cs : L ot ha rin gi a/ pu re -li fe -p ic tu re s – st oc k. ad ob e. co m","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46201070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntervirologyPub Date : 2020-02-07DOI: 10.32388/y4m0nv
W. R. Dowdle, F. M. Davenport, H. Fukumi, G. Schild, B. Tůmová, R. G. Webster, L. Y. Zakstelskaja
{"title":"Orthomyxoviridae.","authors":"W. R. Dowdle, F. M. Davenport, H. Fukumi, G. Schild, B. Tůmová, R. G. Webster, L. Y. Zakstelskaja","doi":"10.32388/y4m0nv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/y4m0nv","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"5 5 1","pages":"245-51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46602353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntervirologyPub Date : 2020-02-02DOI: 10.32388/jk0m5f
D. Bishop, C. Calisher, J. Casals, M. Chumakov, S. Gaidamovich, C. Hannoun, D. K. Lvov, I. Marshall, N. Oker‐Blom, R. Pettersson, J. S. Porterfield, P. Russell, R. E. Shope, E. G. Westaway
{"title":"Bunyaviridae.","authors":"D. Bishop, C. Calisher, J. Casals, M. Chumakov, S. Gaidamovich, C. Hannoun, D. K. Lvov, I. Marshall, N. Oker‐Blom, R. Pettersson, J. S. Porterfield, P. Russell, R. E. Shope, E. G. Westaway","doi":"10.32388/jk0m5f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/jk0m5f","url":null,"abstract":"The family Bunyaviridae comprises over 200 viruses (serotypes, subtypes, and varieties) that infect vertebrates and/or invertebrates. Four genera of viruses have been defined (Bunyavirus, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus, and Uukuvirus). The main characteristics of the member viruses are: (i) the virus particles are for the most part uniformly spherical, 80-110 nm in diameter, and possess a unit membrane envelope from which protrude polypeptide spikes 5-10nm long; (ii) the viruses have three helical nucleocapsids, often in the form of supercoiled circles, each consisting of a single species of single-stranded RNA, major nucleocapsid polypeptide, N, and at least in some cases minor amounts of a large polypeptide which may be a transcriptase component; (iii) the genome is composed of three species of RNA (L, large; M, medium; and S, small), organized in end-hydrogen bonded circular structures; (iv) most viruses have three major virion polypeptides (N, and two surface polypeptides, designated G1 and G2); (v) for at least some member viruses, the virions have been shown to contain an RNA-directed RNA polymerase, believed to be responsible for the synthesis of viral complementary mRNA, so that bunyaviruses are considered to be negative-stranded viruses; (vi) at least some bunyaviruses are capable of heterologous virus genome segment reassortment and can form recombinant viruses at high or low frequency; (vii) viruses appear to mature primarily at smooth membrane surfaces and accumulate in Golgi vesicles and saccules, or nearby; (viii) transovarial, venereal and/or transstadial transmission in arthropods has been shown to occur for some members of the family.","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"14 3-4 1","pages":"125-43"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48056029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntervirologyPub Date : 2020-02-02DOI: 10.32388/yoct69
E. Norrby, A. Bartha, P. Boulanger, R. Dreizin, H. Ginsberg, S. Kalter, H. Kawamura, W. Rowe, W. Russell, W. Schlesinger, R. Wigand
{"title":"Adenoviridae.","authors":"E. Norrby, A. Bartha, P. Boulanger, R. Dreizin, H. Ginsberg, S. Kalter, H. Kawamura, W. Rowe, W. Russell, W. Schlesinger, R. Wigand","doi":"10.32388/yoct69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/yoct69","url":null,"abstract":"The elevation of the genus Adenovirus to a family named Adenoviridae is described. This family at the present stage contains two genera, mammalian adenoviruses--Mastadenovirus--and avian adenoviruses--Aviadenovirus. The two genera are separated primarily on the basis of difference in immunological properties of the virions.","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"7 3 1","pages":"117-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46155982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntervirologyPub Date : 2020-02-02DOI: 10.32388/8ssgxf
E. G. Westaway, M. Brinton, Gaidamovich SYa, Marian C. Horzinek, A. Igarashi, L. Kääriäinen, D. K. Lvov, J. S. Porterfield, P. Russell, D. Trent
{"title":"Flaviviridae.","authors":"E. G. Westaway, M. Brinton, Gaidamovich SYa, Marian C. Horzinek, A. Igarashi, L. Kääriäinen, D. K. Lvov, J. S. Porterfield, P. Russell, D. Trent","doi":"10.32388/8ssgxf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/8ssgxf","url":null,"abstract":"The family Flaviviridae comprises the genus Flavivirus, which contains 65 related species and two possible members. They are small, enveloped RNA viruses (diameter 45 nm) with peplomers comprising a single glycoprotein E. Other structural proteins are designated C (core) and M (membrane-like). The single strand of RNA is infectious and has a molecular weight of about 4 X 10(6) and an m7G 'cap' at the 5' end but no poly(A) tract at the 3' end; it functions as the sole messenger. The gene sequence commences 5'-C-M-E.... The replication strategy and the mode of morphogenesis are distinct from those of the Togaviridae which are slightly larger and morphologically similar in some respects. Flaviviruses infect a wide range of vertebrates, and many are transmitted by arthropods.","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"24 4 1","pages":"183-92"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43779648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntervirologyPub Date : 2020-01-01Epub Date: 2020-11-25DOI: 10.1159/000511575
Thomas Labadie, Christophe Batéjat, India Leclercq, Jean-Claude Manuguerra
{"title":"Historical Discoveries on Viruses in the Environment and Their Impact on Public Health.","authors":"Thomas Labadie, Christophe Batéjat, India Leclercq, Jean-Claude Manuguerra","doi":"10.1159/000511575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000511575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transmission of many viruses occurs by direct transmission during a close contact between two hosts, or by an indirect transmission through the environment. Several and often interconnected factors, both abiotic and biotic, determine the persistence of these viruses released in the environment, which can last from a few seconds to several years. Moreover, viruses in the environment are able to travel short to very long distances, especially in the air or in water.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Although well described now, the role of these environments as intermediaries or as reservoirs in virus transmission has been extensively studied and debated in the last century. The majority of these discoveries, such as the pioneer work on bacteria transmission, the progressive discoveries of viruses, as well as the persistence of the influenza virus in the air varying along with droplet sizes, or the role of water in the transmission of poliovirus, have contributed to the improvement of public health. Recent outbreaks of human coronavirus, influenza virus, and Ebola virus have also demonstrated the contemporaneity of these research studies and the need to study virus persistence in the environment. Key Messages: In this review, we discuss historical discoveries that contributed to describe biotic and abiotic factors determining viral persistence in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"63 1-6","pages":"17-32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000511575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38642437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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