Intervirology最新文献

{"title":"Contents Vol. 63, 2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000513437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000513437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000513437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45841959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"J. Manuguerra, Thomas Labadie","doi":"10.1159/000510374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510374","url":null,"abstract":"deadline 3 May 2020 pi cs : L ot ha rin gi a/ pu re -li fe -p ic tu re s – st oc k. ad ob e. co m","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46201070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000510039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000510039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49219344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthomyxoviridae.","authors":"W. R. Dowdle, F. M. Davenport, H. Fukumi, G. Schild, B. Tůmová, R. G. Webster, L. Y. Zakstelskaja","doi":"10.32388/y4m0nv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/y4m0nv","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46602353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bunyaviridae.","authors":"D. Bishop, C. Calisher, J. Casals, M. Chumakov, S. Gaidamovich, C. Hannoun, D. K. Lvov, I. Marshall, N. Oker‐Blom, R. Pettersson, J. S. Porterfield, P. Russell, R. E. Shope, E. G. Westaway","doi":"10.32388/jk0m5f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/jk0m5f","url":null,"abstract":"The family Bunyaviridae comprises over 200 viruses (serotypes, subtypes, and varieties) that infect vertebrates and/or invertebrates. Four genera of viruses have been defined (Bunyavirus, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus, and Uukuvirus). The main characteristics of the member viruses are: (i) the virus particles are for the most part uniformly spherical, 80-110 nm in diameter, and possess a unit membrane envelope from which protrude polypeptide spikes 5-10nm long; (ii) the viruses have three helical nucleocapsids, often in the form of supercoiled circles, each consisting of a single species of single-stranded RNA, major nucleocapsid polypeptide, N, and at least in some cases minor amounts of a large polypeptide which may be a transcriptase component; (iii) the genome is composed of three species of RNA (L, large; M, medium; and S, small), organized in end-hydrogen bonded circular structures; (iv) most viruses have three major virion polypeptides (N, and two surface polypeptides, designated G1 and G2); (v) for at least some member viruses, the virions have been shown to contain an RNA-directed RNA polymerase, believed to be responsible for the synthesis of viral complementary mRNA, so that bunyaviruses are considered to be negative-stranded viruses; (vi) at least some bunyaviruses are capable of heterologous virus genome segment reassortment and can form recombinant viruses at high or low frequency; (vii) viruses appear to mature primarily at smooth membrane surfaces and accumulate in Golgi vesicles and saccules, or nearby; (viii) transovarial, venereal and/or transstadial transmission in arthropods has been shown to occur for some members of the family.","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48056029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenoviridae.","authors":"E. Norrby, A. Bartha, P. Boulanger, R. Dreizin, H. Ginsberg, S. Kalter, H. Kawamura, W. Rowe, W. Russell, W. Schlesinger, R. Wigand","doi":"10.32388/yoct69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/yoct69","url":null,"abstract":"The elevation of the genus Adenovirus to a family named Adenoviridae is described. This family at the present stage contains two genera, mammalian adenoviruses--Mastadenovirus--and avian adenoviruses--Aviadenovirus. The two genera are separated primarily on the basis of difference in immunological properties of the virions.","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46155982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flaviviridae.","authors":"E. G. Westaway, M. Brinton, Gaidamovich SYa, Marian C. Horzinek, A. Igarashi, L. Kääriäinen, D. K. Lvov, J. S. Porterfield, P. Russell, D. Trent","doi":"10.32388/8ssgxf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/8ssgxf","url":null,"abstract":"The family Flaviviridae comprises the genus Flavivirus, which contains 65 related species and two possible members. They are small, enveloped RNA viruses (diameter 45 nm) with peplomers comprising a single glycoprotein E. Other structural proteins are designated C (core) and M (membrane-like). The single strand of RNA is infectious and has a molecular weight of about 4 X 10(6) and an m7G 'cap' at the 5' end but no poly(A) tract at the 3' end; it functions as the sole messenger. The gene sequence commences 5'-C-M-E.... The replication strategy and the mode of morphogenesis are distinct from those of the Togaviridae which are slightly larger and morphologically similar in some respects. Flaviviruses infect a wide range of vertebrates, and many are transmitted by arthropods.","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43779648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Discoveries on Viruses in the Environment and Their Impact on Public Health.","authors":"Thomas Labadie,&nbsp;Christophe Batéjat,&nbsp;India Leclercq,&nbsp;Jean-Claude Manuguerra","doi":"10.1159/000511575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000511575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transmission of many viruses occurs by direct transmission during a close contact between two hosts, or by an indirect transmission through the environment. Several and often interconnected factors, both abiotic and biotic, determine the persistence of these viruses released in the environment, which can last from a few seconds to several years. Moreover, viruses in the environment are able to travel short to very long distances, especially in the air or in water.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Although well described now, the role of these environments as intermediaries or as reservoirs in virus transmission has been extensively studied and debated in the last century. The majority of these discoveries, such as the pioneer work on bacteria transmission, the progressive discoveries of viruses, as well as the persistence of the influenza virus in the air varying along with droplet sizes, or the role of water in the transmission of poliovirus, have contributed to the improvement of public health. Recent outbreaks of human coronavirus, influenza virus, and Ebola virus have also demonstrated the contemporaneity of these research studies and the need to study virus persistence in the environment. Key Messages: In this review, we discuss historical discoveries that contributed to describe biotic and abiotic factors determining viral persistence in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000511575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38642437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication to Design Efficient Drug Combination Therapies.","authors":"Joseph T Ortega, Jose L Zambrano, Beata Jastrzebska, Ferdinando Liprandi, Hector R Rangel, Flor H Pujol","doi":"10.1159/000512141","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000512141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its disease CO-VID-19 has strongly encouraged the search for antiviral compounds. Most of the evaluated drugs against SARS-CoV-2 derive from drug repurposing of Food and Drug Administration-approved molecules. These drugs have as target three major processes: (1) early stages of virus-cell interaction, (2) viral proteases, and (3) the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review focused on the basic principles of virology and pharmacology to understand the importance of early stages of virus-cell interaction as therapeutic targets and other main processes vital for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Furthermore, we focused on describing the main targets associated with SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapy and the rationale of drug combinations for efficiently suppressing viral replication. Key Messages: We hypothesized that blocking of both entry mechanisms could allow a more effective antiviral effect compared to the partial results obtained with chloroquine or its derivatives alone. This approach, already used to achieve an antiviral effect higher than that offered by every single drug administered separately, has been successfully applied in several viral infections such as HIV and HCV. This review will contribute to expanding the perception of the possible therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection and highlight the benefits of using combination therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000512141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38528096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study of Dengue Epidemics and Persistence of Anti-Dengue Virus Antibodies in District Swat, Pakistan.","authors":"Naveed Ahmad,&nbsp;Tariq Khan,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Jamal","doi":"10.1159/000510347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue fever is one of the most common human arbovirus infections worldwide. In Pakistan, dengue initially became endemic in the big cities and then expanded to remote areas of the country. The current study reports the dengue epidemics, anti-DENV antibodies prevalence during the active and post-dengue infection, risk factors, disease symptoms, and spotting dengue infection densities in district Swat of Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical signs and demographic data of dengue suspected individuals were collected at the time of screening through non-structural protein-1 antigen detection test during 2013-2015. Moreover, selected dengue confirmed individuals were screened for the presence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin (Ig) M and G during the active infection period and post-dengue infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8,770 individuals were infected with dengue in 2013 with 36 (0.41%) case fatalities, 307 in 2014 with no case fatality, and 13 in 2015 with no case fatality. The number of male and female cases were 6,139 and 2,631 in 2013, 183 and 124 in 2014, and only 10 and 3 in 2015, respectively. Among all the localities, Tehsil Babozai, an urban setting, reported the highest number of dengue patients during all the study years, that is, 7,673 (87.49% of the total cases) in 2013, 294 (95.76% of the total cases) in 2014, and 13 (100% cases) in 2015. Among 6 age groups, 21-30 years was found to be highly infected in 2013 (37.13% of all cases) and 2014 (33.55%). Furthermore, 1,231 (21.94% of all cases) had IgM antibodies and 71 (1.26%) had IgG antibodies in 2013, 78 (26% of all cases) had IgM antibodies and 7 (2.33%) had IgG antibodies in 2014, and only 4 (30.76%) patients had IgM and 0 (0%) had IgG antibodies in 2015. Furthermore, urban areas had the highest infection density in district Swat. The majority of the patients in rural areas had a traveling history to the urban areas before their illness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To sum up, male gender, young individuals, and those living in urban areas were at the greater risk of dengue infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000510347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38487252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}