{"title":"An Entry Strategy on Overseas Direct Sales of Korean SME's","authors":"Su-Young Kwak, Mie-jung Kim","doi":"10.16980/JITC.12.6.201612.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/JITC.12.6.201612.139","url":null,"abstract":"As cross border B2C e-commerce is widely spreading, three strategic steps toward global B2C e-commerce (overseas direct sales) has been proposed to small businesses to enhance their economic status for research purposes. Step one covers the attempt to enter and sell among foreign global open markets, such as eBay and Amazon, along with Kmall24, which was opened in 2014 by Korean international trade organization. Based on the experience of foreign direct sales in global open market as step one, step two covers entering local shopping malls. Required needs are entering expense, website management, and foreign language consultation, however marketing expense is not needed. Step three covers establishing local platforms and starting up overseas direct sales. In step three, establishing foreign language shopping mall needs investment, website management, and foreign language counseling, which require marketing strategies. Foreign direct sales is different from foreign direct purchase, for the fact that decisions need to be made in the seller’s perspective, which comes with many disadvantages, and also calls for inspections on different ways to approach due to difference of environment between local community and foreign communities.","PeriodicalId":145188,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Strategy (Topic)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133282160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategic Management Decisions in Power Positions to Achieve Business Excellence in Small Service Businesses: Does Gender Matter?","authors":"M. Alonso‐Almeida, K. Bremser","doi":"10.26595/EAMR.2014.1.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26595/EAMR.2014.1.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a 2009 survey of 136 Spanish small service businesses. Male and female owners of travel agencies were interviewed to indicate their crisis readiness and measures taken to confront the crisis. Gender based differences in strategic decision-making were detected. Whereas men and women were equally successful to overcome the crisis, their strategies differed. Women were on average significantly younger, employed measures focusing on price, kept social measures intact and employed to a lesser extent drastic measures to reduce costs (layoffs, dismissals). Men used drastic measures most. The differences in strategic choice can be attributed to a gender specific leadership style.","PeriodicalId":145188,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Strategy (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133914192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Orientation and Small Business Performance: The Role of Emergent Strategy","authors":"Louise Kelly, M. Zaman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2486404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2486404","url":null,"abstract":"The research on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is undecided as to whether a specific EO improves firm performance. We considered EO in a different light by examining the role of emergent strategy. By considering entrepreneurial orientation as it is effected by emergent strategy, we found a positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Using Mintzberg's theory of emergent strategy, we investigated and found a negative moderating effect of emergent strategy on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance. We tested these hypotheses using data of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from Mexico.","PeriodicalId":145188,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Strategy (Topic)","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114528835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local Competitiveness Fostered Through Local Institutions for Entrepreneurship","authors":"M. Andersson, Magnus Henrekson","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199993307.013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199993307.013.8","url":null,"abstract":"We review and assess the role local institutional framework conditions play in fostering local entrepreneurship. The basic premise is that entrepreneurship is a central driver of economic renewal and change, and that institutions affect both the supply and direction of entrepreneurship. While local institutions always develop and operate against the backdrop of national institutional frameworks, in particular in non-federal states, our review shows that there is plenty of room for local initiatives and policies to influence the entrepreneurial climate locally. This pertains to both formal (e.g., taxes, regulations and stringency of enforcement) and informal (e.g., attitudes and social legitimacy) institutions. We further argue that the local institutional environment is essential in any local policy aimed to foster productive (high-impact) entrepreneurship. Favorable local institutions not only increase the odds that a region develops or manage to attract entrepreneurial incumbents, but also the odds that a region reaps the full potential of hosting entrepreneurial and knowledge-intensive activities.","PeriodicalId":145188,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Strategy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121940412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Emotional Intelligence on Entrepreneurs’ Perception of Success","authors":"Haibo Zhou, Isabel Estrada, A. Bojica","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2436333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2436333","url":null,"abstract":"This study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by introducing emotional intelligence as an additional factor that explains how entrepreneurs perceive their own success. Using survey data from 112 Dutch entrepreneurs, we find that emotionally intelligent entrepreneurs are more likely to judge their entrepreneurial success using the following criteria: employee satisfaction, social responsibility, personal satisfaction, customer satisfaction and business performance. Furthermore, not all EI dimensions are equally relevant to explain the phenomenon. We find that \"regulation of emotion in others\" seems to be the most important dimension, whereas \"emotion in others\" seems to be the less relevant one.","PeriodicalId":145188,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Strategy (Topic)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117236776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing the Competitiveness of the Arab SMEs","authors":"Hussein Elasrag","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1800824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1800824","url":null,"abstract":"Statistics show that SMEs represent 90% of total companies in the vast majority of economies worldwide and provide 40-80% of total job opportunities in addition to contributing largely to GDPs of many countries. For example, SMEs constitute more than 99%1 of all non-agricultural private enterprises in Egypt and account for nearly three-quarters of new employment generation. for Kuwait, this sector constitutes approximately 90% of the private workforce, including labor and imported an estimated 45% of the labor force, employment and national rates of less than 1%, in Lebanon, more than 95% of the total enterprises, contribute about 90% of the jobs. In the UAE , small and medium enterprises accounted about 94.3% of the economic projects in the country, and employs about 62% of the workforce and contributes around 75% of the GDP of the state. In addition, they account for 96% of the GDP in Yemen in 2005, and about 77%, 59%, 25% in Algeria, Palestine and Saudi Arabia, respectively, during the same year.It is often argued that the Governments should promote SMEs because of their greater economic benefits compared to the large firms in terms of job creation, efficiency and growth.Following are the major driving force to strengthen SMEs in the Arab countries: (1) SMEs are the important vehicle in terms of employments and poverty alleviation. SME employs a large share of the labour force in many Arab countries. (2) SMEs make significant contributions to the national economy of the country; and Can be a tool to accelerate the growth of exports. (3) SMEs foster an entrepreneurial culture and make the economy more resilient to the global fluctuations. The aim of this research is to study enhancing the competitiveness of Arab small and medium enterprises.","PeriodicalId":145188,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Strategy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131133447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hugo Alberto Rivera Rodríguez, Jorge Hernan Gomez, Luz Sofía Méndez
{"title":"Manual Para La Realización del Anàlisis de las Fuerzas del Mercado en Pymes (Guide to Analyze the Market Forces - in Spanish)","authors":"Hugo Alberto Rivera Rodríguez, Jorge Hernan Gomez, Luz Sofía Méndez","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1843683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1843683","url":null,"abstract":"The document guides the development of the diagnosis of market forces developed by Michael Porter. Explains more than 60 variables that make up the modelop. It is a useful tool for consultants who will serve as a working tool, and for employers in a permanent reference guide once the process is completed accompaniment.","PeriodicalId":145188,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Strategy (Topic)","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116965509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simultaneous Experimentation as an Entrepreneurial Strategy for Emergent Markets: Transcending the Trade-Off between Flexibility and Funding?","authors":"Petra Andries, Bart van Looy, K. Debackere","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1538114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1538114","url":null,"abstract":"The unpredictable nature of emergent markets implies that ventures entering such markets are confronted with technological and commercial uncertainty. Defining a viable business model under such circumstances is a complex and precarious endeavour. Previous research has either advanced the idea of focus – in order to attract resources and realize first mover advantages – or sequential experimentation financed through bootstrapping, implying limited resources during initial phases of the venture. As such, a trade-off between flexibility and resource acquisition has been introduced. Within this contribution we explore how ventures starting up in emergent industries can balance the attainment of financial resources with flexibility and business model adaptation. Based on a sequence analysis of six case studies, we identify two distinctive approaches to business development in emergent industries: Focused commitment versus simultaneous experimentation. Our findings reveal that focused commitment is instrumental foracquiring resources but at the same time impedes flexibility, while simultaneous experimentation allows to attract resources while maintaining manoeuvring space for business model adaptation. An analytical comparison of both approaches suggests that simultaneous experimentation is indeed a more viable strategy when entering emergent industries.","PeriodicalId":145188,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Strategy (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126824928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CEOs vs. CFOs: Incentives and Corporate Policies","authors":"S. Chava, A. Purnanandam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.989224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.989224","url":null,"abstract":"We undertake a broad-based study of the effect of managerial risk-taking incentives on corporate financial policies and show that the risk-taking incentives of chief executive officers (CEOs) and chief financial officers (CFOs) significantly influence their firms' financial policies. In particular, we find that CEOs' risk-decreasing (-increasing) incentives are associated with lower (higher) leverage and higher (lower) cash balances. CFOs' risk-decreasing (-increasing) incentives are associated with safer (riskier) debt-maturity choices and higher (lower) earnings-smoothing through accounting accruals. We exploit the stock option expensing regulation of 2004 to establish a causal link between managerial incentives and corporate policies. Our findings have important implications for optimal corporate compensation design.","PeriodicalId":145188,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Strategy (Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123321023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subsidies, Entry and the Distribution of R&D Investment","authors":"John Asker, Mariagiovanna Baccara","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1124946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1124946","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the link between entry and R&D spending distribution. We consider a monopolistic competitive market with free entry in which firms can invest in cost-cutting R&D by paying a fixed cost first. For an intermediate level of fixed cost, there is a unique equilibrium in which the market segments into investing and non-investing firms. We show that the measure of R&D investing firms decreases as entry occurs. Using this result, we show how alternative government policies affect the R&D spending distribution. In particular, we characterize the cases in which incentives to promote R&D spending can result in exit. We show that while subsidy to entry may be welfare neutral from the consumers' point of view, R&D subsidies, despite promoting exit sometimes, are always welfare improving. Data motivating these results are drawn from the Taiwanese and Korean semiconductor industries.","PeriodicalId":145188,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Strategy (Topic)","volume":"107 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117343686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}