Italian Journal of Food Safety最新文献

{"title":"The effect of food safety training program on food safety knowledge and practices in hotels’ and hospitals’ food services","authors":"H. Al-Akash, Abdelhakeem Abu Arrah, Feyza Bhatti, Roqia Maabreh, Riham Abu Arrah","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2022.9914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.9914","url":null,"abstract":"Food Safety Knowledge (FSK) among Food Handlers (FHS) in the food services in both hotels and hospitals has a crucial role in food protection and combating against foodborne diseases. The aim is to check the food safety (FS) training program upon FSK in the Jordanian hotels’ and hospitals’ food services. A pre-test-post-test design was used. A convenience sample of 412 food handlers from randomly selected hotels and hospitals were recruited. Data were collected using 118-questions Food Safety Knowledge Questionnaire (FSKQ); 40- questions tool for FS Practices. A significant improvement in FSK mean scores in the post-test (85.48±17.07/118 points corresponded to 72.44%) compared with the pretest (78.50±13.69/118 points, corresponding to 66.66%). The overall mean FSK score was considered to be “moderate” in pre and post-tests. FS Practice level mean was 26.86±4.38/40 points (67.14%), regarded as “moderate” in the pre-test and continued to be “moderate” after the training despite a significant increase in the post-test scores (27.92±4.45/40 point, corresponded to 69.80%, P=0.000). FHS worked in organizations where HACCP principles are implemented, possessed higher FSK and better FS practices. Although continued to be “moderate”, FSK and FS Practices among FHS in the Jordanian hotels and hospitals have been significantly improved after the FS Training Program.","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41329567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collection and analysis of post mortem inspection outcomes (liver lesions) from different cattle slaughtering plants located in Northern and Southern Italy","authors":"S. Stella, E. Tirloni, C. Bernardi, Greta Acerbis, Teresa Manginelli","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2022.10035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.10035","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the outcomes of cattle liver postmortem examination (64,766 animals) obtained from three slaughterhouses (two located in Lombardy, Northern Italy, and one in Puglia, Southern Italy) through the period 2016-2020. The frequency of specific lesions determining liver condemnation was calculated and the influence of several factors (animal age/category, geographical area, season, plant) was considered. A mean prevalence of 8% was observed, with a significant difference among the plants (range 6.4-12.8%). A significant difference was observed among the animal categories and age classes, with higher condemnation rates in animals aged more than 30 months (mainly cows). Steatosis was the most frequent lesion observed in cows (about half of the total), whereas liver abscesses were the most diffused in younger animals (half of the total in young bulls). Other frequently observed lesions were distomatosis and perihepatitis. A different pattern was observed between the two geographical areas, with a higher prevalence of steatosis in Lombardy (mainly intensive dairy farming), and of distomatosis in Puglia (animals mainly grazed on pasture). The season influenced the prevalence of lesions, and especially of steatosis (higher in summer). A different lesion prevalence was also observed between the two plants on similar animal populations, suggesting a difference in the notification and classification procedure among the plants. This study highlights the importance of a proper sharing procedure of the information obtained from the post mortem inspection in order to facilitate an optimal use of Food Chain Information and a useful feedback for farmers.","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48594960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of enteric bacterial pathogens in meat samples of wild boar hunted in Campania region, southern Italy","authors":"M. F. Peruzy, D. Cristiano, E. Delibato, N. D’Alessio, Y. Proroga, Rosaria Luana Capozza, Antonio Rippa, N. Murru","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2022.9967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.9967","url":null,"abstract":"Wild boars can be infected with several foodborne pathogens which may be transmitted to humans through the consumption of their meat, but currently, data of their prevalence are still limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of enteric pathogens in wild boar meat samples killed in the Campania region. Twentyeight wild boar meat samples were analyzed for the detection of Salmonella spp, Y. enterocolitica, Campylobacter spp., and Shiga- Toxigenic E. coli. Salmonella spp. was detected and isolated in ten samples and after serotyping S. Veneziana, S. Kasenyi, S. Coeln, S. Manhattan, S. Thompson, and S. Stanleyville were identified. Twenty-one meat samples were found to be contaminated with Y. enterocolitica; in 6 samples the ystA and ystB genes were detected simultaneously, while in 15 only the ystB gene, which characterizes the bacteria belonging to the biotype 1A, was present. Shiga-Toxin producing E. coli was detected in 12 while Campylobacter spp was never detected. In conclusion, due to the high occurrence of pathogenic bacteria detected, the present research shows that wild boars are important reservoirs for foodborne zoonoses which may be transmitted to livestock and humans. This confirms the importance of controls throughout the wild boar supply chain. In the Campania region, checks are guaranteed by the Veterinarians who work within the “management and control plan for wild boar in the Campania region” which has the twofold objective of containing the increasingly invasive presence of this animal and guaranteeing greater safety, traceability, and transparency in the consumption of meat.","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46026978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a predictive model for the shelf-life of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)","authors":"F. Giarratana, F. Panebianco, Luca Nalbone, G. Ziino, David A. Valenti, A. Giuffrida","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2022.10019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.10019","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its commercial value, the shelflife of the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) during refrigerated storage was poorly investigated. In this regard, the Quality Index Method (QIM) was proposed as a suitable scoring system for freshness and quality sensorial estimation of fishery products. This study aims to develop a deterministic mathematical model based on dynamic temperatures conditions and a successive statistical analysis of the results obtained. This model will be exploited to predict the shelf-life of the Atlantic mackerel based on specific storage temperatures. A total of 60 fresh fishes were subdivided into two groups and respectively stored in ice for 12 days at a constant temperature of 1±0.5°C (Group A) and a fluctuating temperature ranging between 1 and 7°C (Group B). Microbiological analysis and sensory evaluation through the QIM were performed on each fish at regular time intervals. A critical value of 6 Log cfu/g of spoilage bacteria (mainly psychotropic) associated with a significant decay of the sensorial characteristics was exceeded after 9 days of storage for Group A and 3 days for Group B. A reliable prediction of fish freshness was obtained by modelling the QIM as a function of the spoilage bacteria behaviour. A coefficient β of correlation was determined to convert the spoilage bacteria load into a Quality Index score. The adoption of mathematical predictive models to assess microbial behaviour under different environmental conditions is an interesting tool for food industries to maximize production and reduce waste.","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44746694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of manuka essential oil against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus of food origin","authors":"F. Pedonese, Eleonora Longo, B. Torracca, B. Najar, F. Fratini, R. Nuvoloni","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2022.10039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.10039","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) essential oil (EO) on biofilms of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus has been studied. Seven strains of L. monocytogenes and 7 of S. aureus (5 methicillin-resistant) were tested. EO minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), EO minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and biofilm production quantification were determined for each strain by microtiter methods. Moreover, EO Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) and Minimum Biofilm Eradicating Concentration (MBEC) were determined on 2 L. monocytogenes and 3 S. aureus that showed the best biofilm production. Finally, on 4 strains out of 5 (2 L. monocytogenes and 2 S. aureus) EO Biofilm Reduction Percentage (BRP) vs. untreated controls was assessed after a treatment with EO subinhibitory concentrations. The chemical composition of manuka essential oil was determined by Gas Chromatography- Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry (GCEIMS). The manuka EO demonstrated good antimicrobial activity: L. monocytogenes MIC and MBC were 0.466 mg/ml and 0.933 mg/ml, respectively, whereas S. aureus MIC and MBC were 0.233 mg/ml and 0.466 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, L. monocytogenes showed a MBIC of 0.933 mg/ml and a MBEC in the range of 0.933–1.865 mg/ml, whereas S. aureus had a MBIC in the range of 7.461–14.922 mg/ml and a MBEC of 14.922 mg/ml. L. monocytogenes revealed no significant BRP after the treatment with manuka EO, whereas S. aureus showed a BRP higher than 50% with MIC/2 and MIC/4 EO concentrations. These results provide information for feasible manuka EO applications in food production systems.","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47549731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European legislation and live bivalve molluscs: Are the criteria for microbiological safety matching with the criteria for sanitary classification of harvesting areas?","authors":"C. Ciccarelli, M. Leinoudi, A. M. Semeraro, Vittoria Di Trani, Elena Ciccarelli, Gaia Consorti","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2022.9956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.9956","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) established the criteria for the classification of shellfish harvesting areas, based on the results of monitoring E. coli in shellfish. The EU also defined E. coli as a microbiological criterion for end product safety, based on a three-class sampling plan. Both criteria are based on the MPN method, a test with a statistical approach and in which different factors contribute to the variability of the outcomes. This theoretical study, based on combinatorics and Bayes’ theorem for conditional probability, investigates the consistency between these two criteria and aims to determine the probability of obtaining false compliant and non-compliant results when applying the safety criterion test to shellfish placed on the market. The results show that in the second case, the probability of non-compliant outcomes does not appear negligible within a range between 10% and 50% in the different hypothesized scenarios, with a probability of false noncompliant outcomes over 10%. In addition, the Bayes’ Theorem shows that Class A, or Class B areas (as allowed), could be the origin of non-compliant shellfish, with a not negligible frequency. Therefore, within the limits of the assumed working hypotheses, the safety criterion for E. coli, as described in Regulation EC/2073/2005, does not appear to be consistent and coordinated with the classification criteria stated in the Regulation EU/2019/627 and it is not closely related to the sanitary status of shellfish harvesting area.","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47846873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature fluctuations along food supply chain: A dynamic and stochastic predictive approach to establish the best temperature value in challenge tests for Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"F. Giarratana, Luca Nalbone, G. Ziino, Giorgio Donato, S. Marotta, Filippa Lamberta, A. Giuffrida","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2022.9981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.9981","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes under fluctuating temperature comparing the efficacy of deterministic and stochastic methods for its prediction. In the first part of the study, a strain of L. monocytogenes was maintained at two different fluctuating temperature regimes both from 2 to 8°C and regularly sampled for the quantitative determination. The first temperature regime lasted 204 hours with a fluctuation length of 12 hours whereas the second lasted 167 hours with a fluctuation length of 24 hours. A dynamic predictive model was implemented for the reproduction of the observed data. Model resolution has been carried out by using values of the recorded temperature as well as the value of the mean temperature, the kinetic mean temperature, the 75th and 95th percentile of the temperature. A stochastic resolution was also performed considering the mean temperature and Standard Deviation as stochastic variable. In the second part of the study, a temperature mean curve was constructed by monitoring temperature of 8 refrigerated conveyances, 10 display cabinet and 15 domestic refrigerators. This curve was used to obtain predictive scenarios for L. monocytogenes based on the above and also considering temperature regime suggested by the EURL Lm TECHNICAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT on challenge tests and durability studies for assessing shelf-life of ready-to-eat foods related to Listeria monocytogenes (Version 4 of 1 July 2021). All predicted behaviours were compared to the observed ones through the Root Mean Squared Error. Firstly, dynamic predictive model as well as the stochastic one, provided the best level of reproducibility of the observed data. The kinetic mean temperature reproduced the observed data better than the mean temperature for the 12 hoursregime while for the 24 hours-regime was the opposite. The 75th and 95th percentile overestimated the observed growths. Secondary, predictions obtained with the mean temperature, kinetic temperature and stochastic approach well fitted the observed data. The 75th and 95th percentile of Temperature and the “Eurl LM” temperature regimes overestimated the observed prediction. Dynamic approach as well as the stochastic one allowed to obtain the lowest values of Root Mean Squared Error. The mean temperature and kinetic mean temperature appeared the most representative values in a deterministic “single-point” approach.","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44520282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety assessment of traditional Plaisentif cheese.","authors":"Daniele Pattono,&nbsp;Alessandra Dalmasso,&nbsp;Pier Giorgio Peiretti,&nbsp;Francesco Gai,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Bottero","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2021.9769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2021.9769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional foods are gaining more and more market due to consumers' increasing willingness to buy products linked to national cultures: among these products, cheese plays an important role. Plaisentif is a traditional Piedmont cheese, only made during violets blooming season. The aim of this work is to evaluate the safety of this cheese, taking into account the EU Regulations. Microbiological hazards as well chemical, biogenic amines and mycotoxins, analysis were investigated. <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> were never detected in cheeses after ripening. Biogenic amines were present in very low quantities. Ochratoxin A was never detected and patulin was detected in over one cheese during the two years of sampling. This is the first attempt to characterize traditional Plaisentif cheese from a safety point of view. All the information acquired can be held as a necessary basis for reinforcing the culture of traditional products, for economic opportunities in mountainous regions and for safeguarding traditions and cultural identities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"10 4","pages":"9769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/64/ijfs-10-4-9769.PMC8764549.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39895230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of time and temperature before chilling on the hygiene of carcasses in wild boar hunted in central Italy.","authors":"Roberto Barbani,&nbsp;Giulia Lalinga,&nbsp;Lia Bardasi,&nbsp;Raffaella Branciari,&nbsp;Dino Miraglia,&nbsp;Rossana Roila,&nbsp;David Ranucci","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2021.9959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2021.9959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interest in certified game meat chains highlights the need for the evaluation and the management of factors affecting carcass hygiene along the peculiar steps of the production. The effects of time and temperature before chilling were specifically evaluated on aerobic colony count and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> count in hunted wild boar carcasses. Thirty wild boars were considered in two process steps where the hunted animal are still not chilled: after evisceration and just before chilling. Environmental temperature, carcass temperature and the elapse time between the two-step considered were registered. Furthermore, surface microbial loads were analyzed on the inner part of the carcasses. The mean time between the two sampling steps was 6 hours with an average environmental temperature of 20.49°C. A carcass temperature 9.6°C drop was observed during this period. In this lap of time aerobic colony count and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> count increased of 0.68 Log CFU/cm² and 1.01 Log CFU/cm² respectively, with a moderate correlation with the time but not with the temperature delta. The results reveal that the temperature conditions in central Italy hunting areas were not able to quickly reduce the carcass temperature and therefore the time between carcass evisceration and chilling should not exceed 6 hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"10 4","pages":"9959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/7c/ijfs-10-4-9959.PMC8764554.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39895232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Italian strategy to fight illegal treatment with growth promoters: Results of the 2017-2019 histological monitoring plan.","authors":"Marzia Pezzolato,&nbsp;Elisa Baioni,&nbsp;Cristiana Maurella,&nbsp;Alessandro Benedetto,&nbsp;Elena Biasibetti,&nbsp;Elena Bozzetta","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2021.9775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2021.9775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Histological Control Plan has been introduced in Italy in 2008 as an indirect monitoring tool of illicit administration of sexual hormones and corticosteroids in bovine. Analysis of 2008-2016 results permitted to draw a new plan targeting risk category. This work presents the results of the histopathological monitoring plan that was carried out from 2017 to 2019. The overall prevalence of samples suspected of treatment with corticosteroid was 11.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.6-17.8] in 2017; 10.2% (95% CI 6.6-16.9) in 2018 and 8.9% (95% CI 4.6-15.4) in 2019. The overall prevalence of samples suspected of treatment with sexual hormones was 2.3 % (95% CI 0.5-6.6) in 2017; 6.2% (95% CI 2.7-11.8) in 2018 and 12.4% (95% CI 7.4-19.1) in 2019. Although not targeting and measuring specific molecules, this strategy allows to verify the trend of illicit treatments and identify farms to be submitted to further check.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"10 4","pages":"9775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8f/91/ijfs-10-4-9775.PMC8764550.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39895231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}