Italian Journal of Food Safety最新文献

{"title":"Investigation on the microbiological hazards in an artisanal salami produced in Northern Italy and its production environment in different seasonal periods.","authors":"Lucia Gambi,&nbsp;Cecilia Crippa,&nbsp;Alex Lucchi,&nbsp;Gerardo Manfreda,&nbsp;Alessandra de Cesare,&nbsp;Frédérique Pasquali","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.10831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.10831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, the occurrence of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Salmonella spp</i>. and <i>Escherichia coli</i> VTEC was investigated in two batches of artisanal Italian salami tested in winter and summer. Moreover, enumerations of total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> were performed as well as monitoring of water activity and pH. Samples were taken from raw materials, production process environment, semi-finished product and finished products. The results revealed an overall increase of total bacterial count and lactic acid bacteria during the ripening period, along with a decrease of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, pH and water activity. No significant difference was observed between the two batches. The enterobacterial load appeared to decrease during the maturation period mainly due to a decrease in pH and water activity below the limits that allow the growth of these bacteria. <i>E. coli</i> VTEC, <i>Salmonella</i> spp. or <i>L. monocytogenes</i> were not detected in both winter and summer batches. However, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> was detected in both summer and winter products. Except for one isolate, no biological hazards were detected in the finished salami, proving the efficacy of the ripening period in controlling the occurrence of microbiological hazard in ripened salami. Further studies are required to assess the virulence potential of the <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"12 1","pages":"10831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/39/ijfs-12-1-10831.PMC10102968.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of essential oils against dual-species biofilm of <i>Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> in a Ricotta-based model system.","authors":"Francesca Maggio,&nbsp;Annalisa Serio,&nbsp;Chiara Rossi,&nbsp;Chiara Purgatorio,&nbsp;Francesco Buccioni,&nbsp;Clemencia Chaves-López,&nbsp;Antonello Paparella","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.11048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.11048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilms represent an evolutionary form of life, which translates from life in free-living cells to a community lifestyle. In natural habitats, biofilms are a multispecies complex, where synergies or antagonisms can be established. For example, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> are associated with a dual-species biofilm that is widespread in dairy plants. In food plants, multiple strategies are devised to control biofilms, including natural compounds such as essential oils (EOs). In this respect, this study evaluated the effectiveness of <i>Thymbra capitata</i> (L.) Cav. (TEO) and <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> (CEO) against a dual-species biofilm of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> and <i>P. fluorescens</i>, mimicking dairy process conditions. Based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations results, the EOs concentration (10 μL/mL) was chosen for the antibiofilm assay at 12°C on polystyrene (PS), and stainless-steel surfaces for 168 h, using a Ricotta-based model system as culture medium. Biofilm biomass was assessed by crystal violet staining, and the planktonic and sessile cells were quantified in terms of Log CFU/cm². Results showed that CEO displayed the greatest antibiofilm activity, reducing significantly (P<0.05) <i>P. fluorescens</i> and <i>L. monocytogenes</i> sessile cells of about 2.5 and 2.8 Log CFU/cm² after 72 h, respectively. However, <i>L. monocytogenes</i> gained the protection of <i>P. fluorescens</i>, evading CEO treatment and showing a minimal sessile cell reduction of 0.7 Log CFU/cm² after 72 h. Considering the outcome of this study, CEO might have promising perspectives for applications in dairy facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"12 1","pages":"11048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/c7/ijfs-12-1-11048.PMC10102963.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of commercial protective cultures in portioned sheep milk cheeses to control <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>.","authors":"Rita Sanna,&nbsp;Francesca Piras,&nbsp;Giuliana Siddi,&nbsp;Maria Pina Meloni,&nbsp;Mariella Demontis,&nbsp;Vincenzo Spanu,&nbsp;Gavino Nieddu,&nbsp;Mario Cuccu,&nbsp;Enrico Pietro Luigi De Santis,&nbsp;Christian Scarano","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.10484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.10484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of this study was to innovate soft and semi-cooked sheep milk cheese production processes with the use of a commercial protective culture able to control <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> growth. A freeze-dried commercial culture of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> was tested in DS cheese and PS cheese, two types of pasteurized sheep milk, raw-paste cheeses aged for no less than 20 and 30 days respectively. In the first step, <i>in vitro</i> tests were conducted to identify the most suitable matrix for the growth of <i>L. plantarum</i> in order to create a subculture that could be used at industrial cheese-making plants. During the second phase of the study, <i>L. plantarum</i> culture was introduced in the manufacturing process of the cheeses in a production plant. Finally, a challenge test was conducted on portioned DS and PS cheeses in order to evaluate the activity of the protective culture against <i>L. monocytogenes</i>: the cheeses were portioned, experimentally contaminated with <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains, vacuum packed and stored at +4°C (correct storage conditions) and at +10°C (thermal abuse). Cheeses were analysed at the end of the shelf-life to evaluate the presence and growth of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, to enumerate lactic acid bacteria and determine chemicalphysical features. The results confirmed that protective cultures are a useful technological innovation to control <i>L. monocytogenes</i> growth during cheese storage without altering composition, microflora and chemical- physical characteristics of the product. However, the use of protective cultures should be applied as an integration of risk control measures and not as a substitute for preventive actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"12 1","pages":"10484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1e/0f/ijfs-12-1-10484.PMC10102964.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of Vibrio spp. isolated from marketed crustaceans using multilocus sequence analysis.","authors":"Mohammad Shamsur Rahman,&nbsp;Sarah Currò,&nbsp;Lisa Carraro,&nbsp;Barbara Cardazzo,&nbsp;Stefania Balzan,&nbsp;Enrico Novelli,&nbsp;Federico Fontana,&nbsp;Greta Caburlotto,&nbsp;Amedeo Manfrin,&nbsp;Luca Fasolato","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.11045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.11045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Vibrio</i> includes bacteria with different morphological and metabolic characteristics responsible for different human and animal diseases. An accurate identification is essential to assess the risks in regard to aquatic organisms and consequently to public health. The Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) scheme developed on the basis of 4 housekeeping genes (<i>gyr</i>B, <i>pyr</i>H, <i>rec</i>A and <i>atp</i>A) was applied to identify 92 <i>Vibrio</i> strains isolated from crustaceans in 2011. Concatenated sequences were used for the phylogenetic and population analyses and the results were compared with those from biochemical identification tests. From the phylogenetic analysis, 10 clusters and 4 singletons emerged, whereas the population analysis highlighted 12 subpopulations that were well supported by phylogeny with few exceptions. The retrospective analysis allowed correct re-attribution of isolated species, indicating how, for some pathogens, there may be an overestimation of phenotypic identification (<i>e.g</i>. <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>). Use of the PubMLST <i>Vibrio</i> database highlighted a possible genetic link between Sequence Type (ST) 529 and ST195 (<i>V. alginolyticus</i>) isolated from a human case in Norway during 2018. In addition to the identification of major risk groups of <i>V. cholerae</i>, <i>V. vulnificus</i> and <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>, MLSA could be a valid support for species considered a minor risk, such as <i>V. alginolyticus</i>, <i>V. mimicus</i> and <i>V. fluvialis</i>. Due to the increased incidence of vibriosis in Europe, the application of different tools will also have to be considered to investigate the possible epidemiological links of the various species in the perspective of <i>Open Science</i> to protect the consumer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"12 1","pages":"11045"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/21/ijfs-12-1-11045.PMC10102960.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating food safety knowledge and practices among Saudi women in Al-Ahsa Region, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Fahad Al-Asmari,&nbsp;Ahmed I H Ismail","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.10716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.10716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne illnesses are responsible for about half a million deaths annually, of which 30% occur among kids. This study aimed to assess the current food safety knowledge and practice level of Saudi women in Al-Ahsa region, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted through personal interviews among 239 Saudi women. The questionnaire consisted of close-ended questions covering different aspects of food safety knowledge and practices at home and during shopping. Descriptive analyses were used to identify the level of participant's awareness, and the scores were shown in three categories (good - fair - poor) based on their food safety knowledge and practice awareness. The effect of socio-demographic characteristics and their correlation to food safety knowledge and practices was conducted using Chisquare analysis. The results about food safety knowledge showed that around 50% of participants achieved a good score, and 37.5% achieved a fair score, while 12.5% achieved a poor score. In comparison, the participants achieved 75% good score, whereas 12.5% achieved both fair and poor in food safety practices. The results also highlighted a significant correlation (P<0.05) between level of food safety knowledge, practices of participants and their age, marital status, work status, and educational level, while there's no correlation with their family size and total income. Although, the overall result showed good level in food safety knowledge and slightly less in food safety practices among Saudi women living in Al-Ahsa region, continuous education, training, awareness, and motivation are highly recommended to improve women's knowledge and practices to higher levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"12 1","pages":"10716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ee/50/ijfs-12-1-10716.PMC10102962.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and characterization of fibrous microplastics and natural microfibers in pelagic and benthic fish species of commercial interest.","authors":"Serena Santonicola,&nbsp;Michela Volgare,&nbsp;Emilia Di Pace,&nbsp;Raffaelina Mercogliano,&nbsp;Mariacristina Cocca,&nbsp;Gennaro Raimo,&nbsp;Giampaolo Colavita","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.11032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.11032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ingestion of synthetic microfibers, the most prevalent type of microplastics in marine environments, and natural fibers was assessed in <i>Engraulis engrasicolus</i> and <i>Mullus barbatus</i>, two commercially important fish species in the Mediterranean Sea. Microfibers were isolated from the fish gastrointestinal tract using a 10% potassium hydroxide solution. For the microfiber characterization, the evaluation of specific morphological features using a light microscope, coupled with the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of a subsample of isolated particles, was applied. The preliminary results showed the occurrence of microfibers in 53 and 60% of European anchovy and Red mullet, respectively. A mean of 6.9 microfibers/individual was detected in anchovies, while on average Red mullet samples contained 9.2 microfibers/individual. The most common colors of fibers in both species were black, blue, and transparent. Visual characterization of fibers allowed the classification of 40% of the items as synthetic microfibers. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the visual classification by fiber morphology. Microfibers were made of different typologies of polymers, represented by cellulose, cotton, and polyester. These findings confirm as the wide distribution of fibrous microplastics, and natural microfibers may impact both pelagic and deep-sea trophic webs. Despite the presence of microfibers in fish species poses a potential risk to human health, the literature is scarce regarding studies on the uptake by commercial marine fish mostly due to methodological issues. The visual characterization, corroborated by spectroscopic techniques, may be useful to differentiate synthetic and natural fibers, representing a fast and easy method to assess fibrous microplastic pollution in commercially important fish species.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"12 1","pages":"11032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/1c/ijfs-12-1-11032.PMC10102967.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study on DNA barcoding for pet food mislabeling in South Korea.","authors":"Duri Lee,&nbsp;Thinh Dinh Do,&nbsp;Jong-Won Baek,&nbsp;Min-Ho Mun,&nbsp;Hyung-Eun An,&nbsp;Chang-Bae Kim","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2023.11074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2023.11074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the close relationship between pets and humans, pet owners are highly invested in proper diets for their pets. Even though pet food mislabeling is concerning, there are few studies on this topic. This study investigated pet food mislabeling in South Korea's market based on DNA barcoding. In total, 10 pet food products were purchased, and 200 sequences of the partial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene were generated from clones of the samples. The obtained sequences were compared to available public databases to identify species present in the ingredients. The data analyses showed that the labeled species were consistent with species detected by COI sequences in 6 of the products. However, the expected species were not detected in 4 products, revealing possible mislabeling in these samples. Our findings indicated that DNA barcoding might represent a promising tool to detect pet food mislabeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"12 1","pages":"11074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f4/04/ijfs-12-1-11074.PMC10102958.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmosferic pressure non-thermal plasma: Preliminary investigation.","authors":"Alessandro Galassi,&nbsp;Luca Ferrucci,&nbsp;Marco Costanzi,&nbsp;Lisa Vallone","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2022.10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.10043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibacterial activity of atmosferic pressure non-thermal plasma (APNTP) was assessed for bacterial, yeast and mold strains. This investigation is to be considered preliminary: a second step is envisaged in which the efficacy of the technique and the device will be assessed directly on food of animal and plant origin. The strains (ATCC or wild type) of <i>Listeria innocua</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella thyphimurium</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (bacteria); <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, <i>Cladosporium herbarum</i>, <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, <i>Geotrichum candidum</i>, <i>Penicillium roqueforti</i>, <i>Rhizopus nigricans</i> (moulds); <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> (yeasts) were subjected to plasma plume generated by the action of electric fields with a gas mixture (oxygen and helium) delivered for 5 min at a distance of 2 cm. Types of experiments were listed as following: microorganism at concentration 1×10^8 and 1×10⁴ cfu on PCA (Plate Count Agar); <i>Listeria innocua</i> and <i>Salmonella thiphymurium</i> at concentration 1×10^4 cfu on semi-synthetic and synthetic medium; mycetes (moulds and yeasts) at concentration 1×10^8 and 1×10^4 cfu on SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar). The results obtained on the bacteria subjected to atmospheric cold plasma were evident on all the strains tested except for <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (1×10^8 cfu), most evident at a concentration of 1×10^4 cfu, not only on culture media PCA but also on semi-synthetic medium and jelly meat-PCA medium. In spite of bacterial results, treatment with plasma plume did not decrease or inhibit of fungal growth. That means plasma plume was neither fungicidal nor fungistatic activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"11 4","pages":"10043"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/90/95/ijfs-11-4-10043.PMC9795819.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10467597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Official food safety audits in large scale retail trades in the time of COVID: system control experiences supported by an innovative approach.","authors":"Amaranta Traversa,&nbsp;Francesca Rubinetti,&nbsp;Sarah Lanzilli,&nbsp;Roberta Bervini,&nbsp;Guido Bruatto,&nbsp;Emanuele Coruzzi,&nbsp;Maurizio Gilli,&nbsp;Arianna Mendolicchio,&nbsp;Emanuele Osella,&nbsp;Enzo Stassi,&nbsp;Claudio Biglia","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2022.10022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.10022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work describes a new methodology used in large scale retail trades in official food safety auditing processes developed during COVID19 emergency. The aim is to evaluate Food Business Operators' (FBOs) Food Safety Management System and its dynamic implementation and to understand the FBO's level of cultural maturity about food safety according to EU Regulation 2021/382. The innovation mainly consists of: a) a pre-audit phase when auditors analyse food business operator's (FBO) selfchecked plan and further documents to identify \"markers\" and useful evidences (that would be collected in on-site inspections) to evaluate the application of plan by FBO's workers; b) an audit phase consisted of both a check of the company procedures and documents performed by the auditors via web conference and of contextually onsite inspections in a sample of company's supermarkets performed by inspectors teams. The audit methodology here described may be useful, even though it is expensive in terms of time and energy used, for both Competent Authority (CA) and FBOs, regardless of the period of the COVID emergency. The so-structured official control allows the auditors to collect both documentary and on-site evidence at the same time, reaching a broader vision of auditees (not limited to single supermarkets) and a compliant with reality FBOs risk classification. The new approach may give advantages to both audit actors, CA as well as FBO, who may collect \"markers\" and evidence of the self-checked plan useful to improve FBO's food safety system on the basis of the critical aspects detected during auditing process.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"11 4","pages":"10022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/3a/ijfs-11-4-10022.PMC9795817.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10467599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bread packaging techniques and trends.","authors":"Malathy Aravindan S,&nbsp;Periyar Selvam S,&nbsp;Vishnupriya Subramaniyan,&nbsp;Sanjana Subramanian,&nbsp;Mythili Sathiavelu","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2022.10771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/ijfs.2022.10771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bread staling and microbial growth is a complex physiochemical change that occurs during bread storage mainly reducing the quality and consumer acceptance. It is significant to understand the causes of physical, chemical, and microbial spoilage of bakery products in the food industry, to prevent quality decay and economic loss for manufacturers and consumers. Traditional packaging has limitations in protecting and preserving the final products' safety, hygiene, and quality. Effective novel strategies must be included in food packaging, especially to minimize the organoleptic losses of baked foods during their shelf life. Furthermore, owing to the spread of foodborne diseases, which directly affect the safety of the products, customer demand is increasing significantly to reduce the use of synthetic preservatives instead of natural ones. Innovative packaging is altering the way food items are packed in several ways to extend and monitor product shelf life. Traditional packaging includes packaging food in synthetic polymer film; however, modern technology allows them to interact with active/functional substances. This paper discusses innovative bread packaging strategies such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), active packaging (AP), intelligent packaging (IP), biosensor, and nano packaging. Furthermore, MAP and AP have received greater attention in this study due to their considerable effect in prolonging the shelf life of bread and naturally preventing fungal activity, and have gained a lot of interest among producers and consumers in recent years.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"11 4","pages":"10771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/01/b4/ijfs-11-4-10771.PMC9795822.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10467601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}