Italian Journal of Food Safety最新文献

{"title":"Cumulative exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from eggs and egg products in Europe: application of relative potency factors.","authors":"Giulia Rampazzo, Giacomo Depau, Giampiero Pagliuca, Elisa Zironi, Maria Federica Marchesi, Francesco Arioli, Teresa Gazzotti","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14673","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent contaminants frequently detected in foods of animal origin, raising concern for human health. Eggs and egg products are recognized by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as one of the major dietary sources of PFAS exposure in Europe. This study applied the relative potency factors (RPFs), based on hepatic toxicity, to estimate cumulative dietary exposure to PFAS from eggs across different population groups. The 95th percentile occurrence data were combined with food consumption patterns to express exposure in perfluorooctanoic acid equivalents, providing a biologically relevant metric. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid emerged as the dominant contributor to cumulative exposure. Toddlers exhibited the highest estimated weekly intake, reaching 1.63 ng/kg bw per week, while adolescents, adults, and elderly populations showed progressively lower values. These findings highlight children as a particularly vulnerable group due to higher intake per body weight. Consistent with previous studies, commercial eggs generally contained PFAS only at trace levels, whereas home-produced eggs often showed elevated contamination, in some cases exceeding the European Union maximum levels and EFSA's tolerable weekly intake. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of the RPF approach for mixture-based risk assessment, underscores the need for refined exposure evaluation, and reinforces the importance of continuous monitoring of PFAS in eggs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-relevant <i>Salmonella</i> serotypes in fresh poultry meat: critical issues for official control officers at market level.","authors":"Erica Costa, Valentina Garretto, Francesca Pedonese, Andrea Gori, Claudio Biglia, Maura Mattalia, Andrea Armani","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14843","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>European Union (EU) and Italian legislation provide extensive control measures for non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) along the poultry production chain; however, a regulatory gap persists for fresh poultry meat. Current EU microbiological criteria apply only to NTS serotypes of major public health significance (\"relevant\"), whereas the management of other NTS serotypes (\"non-relevant\") is not harmonized. This study assessed the risk management strategies adopted by official veterinarians following the detection of non-relevant serotypes in fresh poultry meat at the distribution stage. Relevant EU and Italian legislation were analyzed, and operational practices in Italy were investigated through a structured questionnaire administered to local health units. In addition, EU-level approaches were examined through the analysis of Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) notifications. The results revealed substantial heterogeneity in the management of comparable findings at both the national and EU levels, reflecting regulatory ambiguities and broad discretionary powers of competent authorities, thereby complicating the implementation of consistent and proportionate official controls. This variability is further challenged by the increasing epidemiological relevance of certain non-relevant serotypes, particularly S. Infantis. The study highlights the need for a revision and harmonization of the regulatory framework to support consistent and proportionate official control practices while ensuring a high level of consumer protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147485973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential impacts of sales practices on the postharvest quality of yams in Burkina Faso.","authors":"Ouryagala Dominique Sanou, Idrissa Ouédraogo, Ramata Tou, Balamoussa Santara, Kiessoun Konaté, Lassina Ouattara","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14458","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yams are a major staple food in Burkina Faso, consumed both raw and processed. This study investigated yam marketing practices and the socio-demographic and socio-economic profiles of sellers in the markets in Burkina Faso. Data were collected through questionnaires covering age, gender, varieties, storage conditions, and yam prices, complemented by direct observations of sales and storage methods. Results showed that yam marketing is largely dominated by women, with most sellers being young and averaging 10 years of experience, while older sellers tended to have longer experience. Nearly half of the respondents (48%) had no formal schooling. The main varieties marketed were American (49%), Gona (36%), and Tila (8%), belonging to Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata-cayenensis. Storage practices revealed that 59% of sellers kept yams in the open air, whereas 41% used closed containers, resulting in estimated postharvest losses of 76% from rotting, 18% from drying, and 6% from softening. Rotting was mainly associated with inadequate storage conditions (49%), high temperatures (32%), fertilizer use (14%), and pesticides (5%). Most yams originated from local production areas, particularly Gaoua (21%), Bobo-Dioulasso (11%), Banfora (8%), and Mangodara (6%). Sellers primarily sourced supplies from wholesalers and farmers, who also stored yams before sale. Market prices ranged from 200 to 700 F CFA/kg. Beyond its dietary role, the yam trade represents an important economic activity, with daily earnings varying between 2000 and more than 50,000 F CFA depending on the variety and seller type. These findings highlight the need to improve sales and storage practices to reduce losses, enhance yam quality, and protect consumer health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the nutritive quality, fatty acid and terpenoid profile of milk and \"Plaisentif\" cheese from nine Italian Alpine dairy farms during two grazing seasons.","authors":"Daniele Pattono, Pier Giorgio Peiretti, Maria Teresa Bottero, Alessandra Dalmasso, Francesca Bonazza, Francesco Gai","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14208","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional food products have been gaining importance over the last few years. The interest in such products is linked to the consumers' awareness of the importance of local cultures and low-processed food and of the environmental impact of food production systems. These products have been identified by the European Community as a way of preserving tradition and different cultures and as a way of enhancing local economies. Indeed, specific regulations have been set up for these reasons. Plaisentif is a traditional cheese that is produced in two valleys, named the Chisone and Susa valleys (Northwest Italy), of the Piedmont region. A survey was conducted over two different grazing seasons on nine Alpine dairy farms, where Plaisentif is produced. The aim was to characterize the chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and terpene content of milk and Plaisentif cheese, known as the \"cheese of the violets\", which is produced from the raw milk of cows fed on pastures when violets are in bloom. The fatty acid profile of the cheese was found to be similar to that of other cheeses obtained from pasture breeding, and conjugated linoleic acid and fatty acids, derived from pasture herbs, were found to be present at higher levels than in other Italian cheeses. Terpenes, which are generally derived from herbal feeds, have also been found to be present, and they can be a reliable marker of pasture grazing. This study is the first attempt to characterize the Plaisentif cheese profile. This is a crucial step to valorize the product in order to enhance its production and thus to give more opportunities to the valleys in Piemonte that produce it, as well as to encourage continuity of local traditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical protocol assessment for microplastic and microfiber isolation in milk: a preliminary study of contamination in raw milk samples.","authors":"Serena Santonicola, Michela Volgare, Mariacristina Cocca, Franca Rossi, Gennaro Raimo, Giampaolo Colavita","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14780","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) and microfibers (MFs) are emerging contaminants in food, with milk representing a critical concern due to its importance in human nutrition, particularly for vulnerable populations. This study aimed to optimize an analytical protocol for isolating MPs and MFs in milk samples and to assess contamination levels in raw milk collected at farms. The digestion method employed hydrogen peroxide (30% v/v) at optimized temperatures (40°C for commercial milk and 50°C for raw milk), followed by vacuum filtration. Method accuracy was evaluated through recovery experiments using spiked reference materials, and then the extraction protocol was applied to raw milk samples from mechanical milking. Results revealed average concentrations ranging from 1.3±0.5 to 5.5±5.0 MPs and synthetic MFs per 100 mL, with natural MFs accounting for 47% of total particles detected. Chemical characterization through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified polypropylene (41%), polyester (6%), and polyvinyl chloride (6%) as the predominant polymer types, suggesting contamination from milking equipment and textile materials. No significant differences in contamination levels were observed across sampling days or among individual cows, indicating systematic contamination along the production chain. This study provides a validated analytical approach for monitoring MP contamination in milk and establishes baseline data for raw milk contamination at farm level, supporting the development of mitigation strategies along the dairy supply chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The poultry chain in Sardinia (Italy): monitoring of <i>Salmonella</i> contamination and antibiotic resistance profiles.","authors":"Giuliana Siddi, Francesca Piras, Mattia Migoni, Laura Bortolami, Alessia Tiengo, Ilenia Grussu, Myriam Casula, Fabiana Manca, Alessio Sau, Mario Cuccu, Enrico Pietro Luigi De Santis, Christian Scarano","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14584","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the occurrence of Salmonella along the poultry production chain in Sardinia and characterized the isolates by serotyping and antimicrobial resistance testing, providing preliminary insights into contamination routes and consumer risk. Sampling was carried out in four sessions during 2024 at one farm, one slaughterhouse, and at retail, covering different stages of the production chain: 32 farm environmental samples, 48 slaughterhouse samples, and 92 retail chicken meat samples (skin-on cuts, skinless cuts, and meat preparations) were collected overall. A total of 172 samples were tested, and Salmonella isolates were serotyped and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples collected at either the farm or the slaughterhouse. The pathogen was detected in retail meat, with 21 positives out of 92 (22.8% prevalence). The highest prevalence was detected in samples of meat cuts with skin (11/40, 27.5%), followed by poultry meat preparations (3/12, 25%) and meat cuts without skin (7/40, 17.5%). Of the 21 isolates, 20 (95%) were identified as Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis, while one isolate belonged to the serovar Thompson. S. Thompson isolate was susceptible to all tested antibiotics, whereas all S. Infantis isolates (100%) showed resistance to agents from at least three classes (quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines), indicating a high level of multidrug resistance. Moreover, resistance to cefoxitin, colistin, azithromycin, and tigecycline was observed. Our findings highlight the role of the poultry production chain as an important reservoir of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis and underline the need for strict control measures. Particular attention should be given to the retail stage and consumer handling, which remain critical points for the prevention of foodborne pathogen transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13583493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of health and hygiene parameters in the Carabinieri's collective catering facilities.","authors":"Gianluigi Ferri, Samuele Pulze, Anna Rita Festino, Chiara Di Vittori, Aurora Astolfi, Alberto Vergara","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14749","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hygiene and health parameters were monitored at several Carabinieri canteens in central and southern Italy to assess the management aspects related to collective catering services. Between February 2024 and March 2025, 89 food matrices normally served in 23 canteens located in six Italian regions were subjected to microbiological assessment. Food sample aliquots (100-150 g) were sterilely collected and tested for total mesophilic count (TMC) and, using qualitative and quantitative detection methods, pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157, and Salmonella spp. Suspicious colonies were identified using the Vitek 2 system (bioMérieux, Paris, France) and confirmed by performing end-point polymerase chain reaction assays. Statistical analysis calculated the following parameters: mean, standard deviation (SD), Shapiro-Wilk test, and the two-tailed t-test (p<0.05). The mean TMC value was 2.65 log CFU/g (SD=1.21); more specifically, the highest [3.22 log CFU/g (SD=1.36)] was observed in Puglia, while the lowest [1.74 log CFU/g (SD= 0.63)] was observed in Molise. The t-test showed statistically significant differences in TMC values among the following regions: Abruzzo-Puglia (p=0.038), Campania-Marche (p<0.001), and Lazio-Campania (p=0.04). The three tested pathogens (L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157, and Salmonella spp.) were never observed. This work and the data obtained provide a picture of the good hygiene and health status of the Carabinieri canteens in central and southern Italy; however, the anthropogenic bacterial detection highlights the importance of the correct application of good hygiene practices to ensure the protection of the health of the military community.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147485996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of chemical, heavy metal, and microbiological contamination of Indonesian seaweed-based food products.","authors":"Dian Anggraini Suroto, Restu Nurkholifah, Aiman Arkan, Muhammad Wildan Ashidiqie, Rachma Wikandari","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.13812","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.13812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indonesia ranks as the second-largest global producer of seaweed. To maximize the use of these resources, innovative seaweed-based food products are being developed. This study evaluates the prevalence of chemical and microbiological contamination in Indonesian seaweed-based food products. Microbiological parameters assessed included total viable count, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio species, Salmonella species, and yeast and mold. Chemical contamination was evaluated by measuring aflatoxin B1 and conducting a comprehensive assessment of heavy metals. Results indicated that 20% of samples contained aflatoxin B1 at concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 2.12 μg/kg. Heavy metal analysis showed contamination with lead in 50% of samples, arsenic in 35%, cadmium in 25%, and mercury in 5%. Only 25% of heavy-metal-contaminated samples exceeded the Indonesian National Standard limits. Microbial counts ranged from fewer than 10 to 105 CFU/g, coliforms from fewer than 3 to 830 MPN/g, and yeast and molds from fewer than 10 to 102 CFU/g. All samples had E. coli and S. aureus counts below 10 CFU/g and tested negative for Salmonella and Vibrio species. Most products were assessed as safe for consumption. The findings underscore the need for improved food-processing practices to enhance product quality, ensure higher safety standards, and increase overall market value.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current research trends towards the control of protozoans in foods.","authors":"Mariem Ayed, Vasco Cadavez, Ursula Gonzales-Barron","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.15114","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.15114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protozoan parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Toxoplasma gondii and Cyclospora cayetanensis remain difficult-to-control hazards in food due to environmental persistence, low infectious doses, and the interpretability gap between nucleic acid detection and infectivity. This review synthesizes 4-year research trends shaping protozoan control in food systems, focusing on three critical pillars: matrix-adapted front-end processing (concentration, lysis, inhibitor management); inhibitor-resilient quantification; and sequencing-based attribution for outbreak investigation and source tracking. Recent benchmarking across wastewater, the water-soil-produce nexus, and food-relevant matrices repeatedly indicates - depending on matrix and study design - that upstream workflow steps often dominate analytical sensitivity and reproducibility. Accordingly, tiered analytical strategies are emerging in which the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique supports scalable screening, droplet digital PCR is used for decision-grade confirmation/quantification under inhibition and low-template conditions, and targeted sequencing or metagenomics is deployed selectively for traceback and contextual investigation. We integrate these developments into an actionable control framework that links prevention at the water-soil-plant interface with tiered analytics and viability-aware interpretation of post-intervention results. Research priorities ahead include harmonized performance reporting (recovery, inhibition controls, limit of detection/quantification), transparent endpoint hierarchy for intervention claims (detectability vs. viability/infectivity), and interoperable sequence databases to enable cross-laboratory attribution and program-level learning. The field is moving from \"can we detect?\" towards \"can we decide? - requiring reproducible front-end processing, inhibitor-resilient quantification, interoperable attribution resources, and endpoint discipline for intervention efficacy claims.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A validated multi-residue ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry method for emerging mycotoxins in pork, liver and pig feed.","authors":"Patrizio Lorusso, Alessio Manfredi, Luca Maria Chiesa, Sara Panseri, Maria Nobile, Sergio Ghidini, Angela Di Pinto, Elisabetta Bonerba","doi":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14740","DOIUrl":"10.4081/ijfs.2026.14740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging mycotoxins produced by Fusarium and Alternaria species, such as enniatins (ENN), beauvericin (BEA), alternariol (AOH), and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), are increasingly detected along the feed-food chain and raise growing concerns for animal health and food safety. Despite their widespread occurrence, regulatory limits are currently lacking, mainly due to insufficient occurrence and exposure data, highlighting the need for robust analytical methods applicable to both feed and edible animal tissues. In this study, a multi-residue ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven emerging mycotoxins (AOH, AME, BEA, ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1) in pork, liver, and pig feed. Sample preparation was based on solvent extraction followed by a defatting step, while chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed-phase column coupled to Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry operating in full-scan and product ion scan modes. Method validation was performed according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2782, evaluating selectivity, linearity, precision, recovery, and sensitivity. Excellent linearity was obtained for all analytes in all matrices, with coefficients of determination >0.99. Recoveries ranged from 70 to 91% in liver, from 72 to 95% in muscle and from 73 to 120% in feed, while intra- and inter-day precision values were consistently below 15%. The limit of quantification was established at 1 ng g-1 for all compounds. Overall, the validated UHPLC-HRMS method proved to be sensitive, selective, and reproducible, providing a reliable analytical tool for monitoring emerging mycotoxins in swine production and associated feedstuffs and supporting future occurrence studies, exposure assessments, and risk evaluation activities along the agri-food chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":14508,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Food Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}