International review of neurobiology最新文献_第7页

The stoned age: Sex differences in the effects of adolescent cannabinoid exposure on prefrontal cortex structure and function in animal models. 嗑药的年龄青春期大麻素暴露对动物模型前额叶皮层结构和功能影响的性别差异。

3区医学

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.005

D E Ginder, H R Wright, R J McLaughlin

{"title":"The stoned age: Sex differences in the effects of adolescent cannabinoid exposure on prefrontal cortex structure and function in animal models.","authors":"D E Ginder, H R Wright, R J McLaughlin","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis is the most used drug during adolescence, which is a period of enhanced cortical plasticity and synaptic remodeling that supports behavioral, cognitive, and emotional maturity. In this chapter, we review preclinical studies indicating that adolescent exposure to cannabinoids has lasting effects on the morphology and synaptic organization of the prefrontal cortex and associated circuitry, which may lead to cognitive dysfunction later in life. Additionally, we reviewed sex differences in the effects of adolescent cannabinoid exposure with a focus on brain systems that support cognitive functioning. The body of evidence indicates enduring sex-specific effects in behavior and organization of corticolimbic circuitry, which appears to be influenced by species, strain, drug, route of administration, and window/pattern of drug exposure. Caution should be exercised when extrapolating these results to humans. Adopting models that more closely resemble human cannabis use will provide more translationally relevant data concerning the long-term effects of cannabis use on the adolescent brain.","PeriodicalId":14468,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"161 ","pages":"121-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39641096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Covid-19 on research and training in Parkinson's disease. Covid-19对帕金森病研究和培训的影响。

3区医学

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.04.003

Yi-Min Wan, Daniel J van Wamelen, Yue Hui Lau, Silvia Rota, Eng-King Tan

{"title":"Impact of Covid-19 on research and training in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Yi-Min Wan, Daniel J van Wamelen, Yue Hui Lau, Silvia Rota, Eng-King Tan","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2022.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2022.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic and the consequent restrictions imposed worldwide have posed an unprecedented challenge to research and training in Parkinson's disease (PD). The pandemic has caused loss of productivity, reduced access to funding, an oft-acute switch to digital platforms, and changes in daily work protocols, or even redeployment. Frequently, clinical and research appointments were suspended or changed as a solution to limit the risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread and infection, but since the care and research in the field of movement disorders had traditionally been performed at in-person settings, the repercussions of the pandemic have even been more keenly felt in these areas. In this chapter, we review the implications of this impact on neurological research and training, with an emphasis on PD, as well as highlight lessons that can be learnt from how the Covid-19 pandemic has been managed in terms of restrictions in these crucial aspects of the neurosciences. One of the solutions brought to the fore has been to replace the traditional way of performing research and training with remote, and therefore socially distanced, alternatives. However, this has introduced fresh challenges in international collaboration, contingency planning, study prioritization, safety precautions, artificial intelligence, and various forms of digital technology. Nonetheless, in the long-term, these strategies will allow us to mitigate the adverse impact on PD research and training in future crises.","PeriodicalId":14468,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":"283-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9066297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33494062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Is essential tremor a disorder of GABA dysfunction? No. 特发性震颤是GABA功能障碍的一种失调吗?不。

3区医学

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.006

Steven Bellows, Joohi Jimenez-Shahed

{"title":"Is essential tremor a disorder of GABA dysfunction? No.","authors":"Steven Bellows, Joohi Jimenez-Shahed","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"Although essential tremor is common, its underlying pathophysiology remains uncertain, and several hypotheses seek to explain the tremor mechanism. The GABA hypothesis states that disinhibition of deep cerebellar neurons due to reduced GABAergic input from Purkinje cells results in increased pacemaker activity, leading to rhythmic output to the thalamo-cortical circuit and resulting in tremor. However, some neuroimaging, spectroscopy, and pathology studies have not shown a clear or consistent GABA deficiency in essential tremor, and animal models have indicated that large reductions of Purkinje cell inhibition may improve tremor. Instead, tremor is increasingly attributable to dysfunction in oscillating networks, where altered (but not necessarily reduced) inhibitory signaling can result in tremor. Hypersynchrony of Purkinje cell activity may account for excessive oscillatory cerebellar output, with potential contributions along multiple sites of the olivocerebellar loop. Although older animal tremor models, such as harmaline tremor, have explored contributions from the inferior olivary body, increasing evidence has pointed to the role of aberrant climbing fiber synaptic organization in oscillatory cerebellar activity and tremor generation. New animal models such as hotfoot17j mice, which exhibit abnormal climbing fiber organization due to mutations in Grid2, have recapitulated many features of ET. Similar abnormal climbing fiber architecture and excessive cerebellar oscillations as measured by EEG have been found in humans with essential tremor. Further understanding of hypersynchrony and excessive oscillatory activity in ET phenotypes may lead to more targeted and effective treatment options.","PeriodicalId":14468,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":"285-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40396049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age modifies the effect of ethanol on behavior: Investigations in adolescent, adult and aged rats. 年龄改变乙醇对行为的影响:青少年，成年和老年大鼠的调查。

3区医学

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.06.010

D B Matthews, B M Imhoff

引用次数: 6

Future directions for part II: Substance use disorders in adolescence-A vision for a better future. 第二部分的未来方向:青少年物质使用障碍-对更美好未来的展望。

3区医学

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.09.001

S Rahman, R L Bell

引用次数: 1

Preface. 前言。

3区医学

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7742(21)00104-5

Richard L Bell, Shafiqur Rahman

引用次数: 0

Wellness, sexual health, and nonmotor Parkinson's. 健康，性健康和非运动性帕金森症。

3区医学

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.12.006

I. Subramanian, Sarah S. Brindle, K. Perepezko, K. Chaudhuri

引用次数: 3

Prologue: Why should we talk about sex and Parkinson's disease? 前言:为什么我们要讨论性和帕金森病?

3区医学

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7742(22)00026-5

G. Bronner

引用次数: 0

Is the inferior olive central to essential tremor? Yes. 下橄榄是特发性震颤的中枢吗？是。

3区医学

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.009

Eric J Lang, Adrian Handforth

{"title":"Is the inferior olive central to essential tremor? Yes.","authors":"Eric J Lang, Adrian Handforth","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the question whether the inferior olive (IO) is required for essential tremor (ET). Much evidence shows that the olivocerebellar system is the main system capable of generating the widespread synchronous oscillatory Purkinje cell (PC) complex spike (CS) activity across the cerebellar cortex that would be capable of generating the type of bursting cerebellar output from the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) that could underlie tremor. Normally, synchronous CS activity primarily reflects the effective electrical coupling of IO neurons by gap junctions, and traditionally, ET research has focused on the hypothesis of increased coupling of IO neurons as the cause of hypersynchronous CS activity underlying tremor. However, recent pathology studies of brains from humans with ET and evidence from mutant mice, particularly the hotfoot17 mouse, that largely replicate the pathology of ET, suggest that the abnormal innervation of multiple Purkinje cells (PCs) by climbing fibers (Cfs) is related to tremor. In addition, ET brains show partial PC loss and axon terminal sprouting by surviving PCs. This may provide another mechanism for tremor. It is proposed that in ET, these three mechanisms may promote tremor. They all involve hypersynchronous DCN activity and an intact IO, but the level at which excessive synchronization occurs may be at the IO level (from abnormal afferent activity to this nucleus), the PC level (via aberrant Cfs), or the DCN level (via terminal PC collateral innervation).","PeriodicalId":14468,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"163 ","pages":"133-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9260837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does essential tremor increase risk of cognitive impairment and dementia? Yes. 特发性震颤会增加认知障碍和痴呆的风险吗？是。

3区医学

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.011

Stephanie Cosentino, Ludy C Shih

{"title":"Does essential tremor increase risk of cognitive impairment and dementia? Yes.","authors":"Stephanie Cosentino, Ludy C Shih","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"Essential Tremor (ET), by definition, is a disorder of movement. Yet over the years, epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and neuroimaging studies have converged to reveal a cognitive side of ET. The cognitive symptoms in ET are heterogeneous and are likely to reflect heterogeneous underlying mechanisms. In this chapter, we review and synthesize a diverse set of studies from both population-based settings to cohorts with more detailed investigations into cognition to consider the various mechanisms by which cognitive symptoms may emerge in a subset of individuals with ET. As part of our analysis, we consider questions surrounding ET diagnosis and the possibility of comorbid disease as potential factors that, upon closer examination, appear to strengthen the argument in favor of ET as a risk factor for dementia. Importantly, we also consider the clinical relevance of cognitive impairment in ET. While ET is not universally characterized by significant cognitive deficits, the data from epidemiological, cognitive, neuroimaging, and postmortem neuropathologic studies converge to reveal an increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia among individuals with ET. We conclude by offering directions for future research, and a neurocognitive framework with which to consider existing findings and to use in the design of novel studies dedicated to clarifying the basis, nature, and course of cognitive impairments in ET.","PeriodicalId":14468,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":"195-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40396047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0