{"title":"Environmental regulation and firm exports: New evidence from the distance to local ecological environment bureau","authors":"Baoqing Tang , Danni Chen , Jing Ma , Siyuan Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides new evidence about the impact of environmental regulation on firm exports. We exploit firms' distance to the local ecological environment bureau. More specifically, the exposure to environmental regulation is different across firms with different distances to the local bureau. After China's Key Cities for Air Pollution Control policy was introduced, firms located farther from the local bureau experienced stricter environmental regulations. We find that firms experiencing stricter environmental regulation export less. This effect is primarily driven by the increased costs associated with complying with environmental regulations. Moreover, the impact of environmental regulation on exports varies based on financial constraints, pollution intensity, firm ownership, and trade modes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donghua Xiao , Qing Zhang , Haoran Liu , Sheng Luo , Yi Zheng
{"title":"Production choice and pricing strategies of automobile manufacturers under carbon policies","authors":"Donghua Xiao , Qing Zhang , Haoran Liu , Sheng Luo , Yi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition of automotive manufacturers to electric power sources can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, foster the green development of the automotive industry, and contribute to the global reduction of carbon emissions. Its development and promotion depend on carbon policies and consumer sensitivity to carbon emissions. Under different carbon emission policy contexts, this study first considers the production and pricing decisions of automobile manufacturers based on consumers' awareness of green consumption, including whether to produce fuel, electric, or hybrid vehicles and the pricing for each type. Second, it explores the impact of various carbon emission policies on these decisions and profits and compares carbon emissions under different policies. Results indicate that under varying carbon policies, automobile manufacturers' production decisions primarily depend on the ratio of carbon emissions to production costs. In addition, consumers' sensitivity to carbon emissions influences their choice of production types and significantly affects manufacturers' profits. Manufacturers’ profits are influenced by market share and carbon policy parameters. The emission reduction effect is most significant under the carbon cap policy, whereas cap-and-trade shows the least reduction effect. The research conclusions can assist traditional vehicle manufacturers in transitioning to new energy sources and achieving high-quality sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can the banking union work without common deposit Guarantees? The initial market assessment and policy implications☆","authors":"Giovanni Ferri , Valerio Pesic","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In late 2013 the European Central Bank (ECB) announced the list of candidate banks to its direct surveillance under the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM). Moving towards the European Banking Union (BU), the SSM fundamentally transformed the landscape of financial supervision in Europe since its inception. After several years, the BU is still incomplete, particularly in terms of depositors’ protection. Through this paper we assess empirically how markets valued the SSM in its path to implementation, and gauge whether they judged the SSM in itself sufficient to guarantee the stability of the European banking system, or whether they deemed the presence of an adequate Deposits Guarantee Scheme (DGS) as relevant. Based on six events from October 2013 to October 2014 for 96 European banks, our results suggest that the initial market assessment assigned little relevance to the presence of a DGS to guarantee the stability of the European banking system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of remittances on school enrollment rates: A global perspective","authors":"Horst Feldmann","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is already a large literature studying the effects of remittances on schooling. It finds that the effects are usually positive. But this literature focuses exclusively on developing countries. Here, we expand the coverage by using a large sample that additionally includes developed countries. We do so because the ultimate goal of scientific inquiry is to find general patterns or regularities that hold across a large number of cases. Therefore, we investigate whether the previous literature's finding holds across a large sample of developing and developed countries. Using data on 122 countries and two-stage least squares estimation to account for the endogeneity of remittances, our paper answers this question in the affirmative. Specifically, our results suggest that personal remittances from abroad had positive effects on school enrollment rates over the sample period 1978 to 2017, both at the primary and the secondary level. The magnitudes of the estimated effects are substantial at both levels. Whereas girls benefited more than boys at the primary level, both genders benefited equally at the secondary level. Thus the previous literature's finding that remittances normally improve schooling seems to be a truly global phenomenon, spanning the entirety of developing and developed countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chia-ling Yao , Muhammad Umar , Nawazish Mirza , Meng Qin
{"title":"Climate performance and debt structure: The case of European SMEs","authors":"Chia-ling Yao , Muhammad Umar , Nawazish Mirza , Meng Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SMEs play a vital role in the European economy, making significant contributions to employment, innovation, and regional development. However, they face unique challenges in aligning their operations with Europe's ambitious climate goals due to constrained resources and limited access to financing. Using an exhaustive sample of European SMEs, this study examines how environmental factors, including carbon emissions intensity, regulatory fines, and green subsidies, affect SMEs' reliance on debt financing. The results reveal that higher carbon emissions intensity and regulatory fines significantly increase leverage, reflecting the financial constraints and risks associated with poor environmental performance. In contrast, green subsidies reduce debt reliance, highlighting their role in alleviating financial pressure and supporting sustainable transitions. Our sub-sample analysis also explores differences between medium-sized and small firms, revealing that firm size moderates the impact of environmental factors on financial gearing. This study contributes to the discourse on sustainable entrepreneurship, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to support small and medium-sized enterprises in achieving financial resilience while aligning with climate objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forecasting realised volatility using regime-switching models","authors":"Yi Ding , Dimos Kambouroudis , David G. McMillan","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper extends standard AR and HAR models for realised volatility (RV) forecasting to include nonlinearity through two broad regime-switching approaches, the smooth transition and Markov-switching methods. Using daily data for eight international stock markets over the period 2007–2021, a comprehensive comparison is provided using a range of forecast tests that includes statistical and economic (risk management) based metrics. The results show that regime-switching models provide a better in-sample fit and out-of-sample forecasting, although this latter result is less clear-cut at the daily horizon. In comparing the two nonlinear approaches, we find that the abrupt transition technique of the Markov-switching model is preferred to the smooth transition one. It is believed that our results will be of interest to those especially engaged in risk management practice as well as for those modelling market behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Saeed Meo , Younes Ben Zaied , Sahar Afshan , Alvena Anees
{"title":"Capitalizing on sustainability: China's green finance strategy for achieving environmentally resilient wastewater treatment","authors":"Muhammad Saeed Meo , Younes Ben Zaied , Sahar Afshan , Alvena Anees","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In China, wastewater management is becoming a more prominent concern due to the country's continuous industrial and urban development. The massive amounts of wastewater produced may threaten water resources and ecosystems. Therefore, innovative policies are crucial to enhance the wastewater treatment process and its infrastructure to secure sustainable water management. Hence, this study explores the asymmetric impact of green finance and other control variables like industrialization, environmental technology, and innovation in renewable energy on wastewater treatment in China. Using monthly data from January 2008 to December 2021 and an innovative nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) approach, the study confirms the significant positive impact of green finance, industrialization, environmental technology, and innovation in renewable energy on wastewater treatment. The robustness of the NARDL findings is being assessed using a novel multivariate quantile-on-quantile approach, which yields similar results, confirming the consistency of the findings. Furthermore, the findings highlight asymmetric associations among the variables, providing insightful policy implications for achieving SDG 6.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does firm internationalization improve ESG performance? Evidence from China","authors":"Jing Zhou , Kaiwen Wu , Youwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst the current era of economic globalization, the internationalization of emerging market firms (EMFs) and their sustainable development are increasingly prominent. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has received widespread attention as an important indicator of sustainability. Using a sample from Chinese A-share listed companies spanning from 2012 to 2022, this study employs a difference-in-differences (DID) model to explore whether firms' outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) impacts their ESG performance. The results indicate that firms with OFDI have a higher level of ESG performance than those without, especially in the domain of environmental protection. This positive impact of OFDI on ESG performance is found to be strengthened by stronger CEO clan culture background but is weakened by higher financing constraints of firms. Our findings offer valuable insights for internationally operating EMFs, highlighting the importance of ESG practices in promoting sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ESG and Manager integrity: Evidence from China","authors":"Wendai Lv, Qiuchi Meng, Zhixia Gan, Shilu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the role of management integrity in determining the quality of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures. We first derive a measure of management integrity from the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of annual financial statements using textual analysis and machine learning techniques. We then conduct baseline regressions and a series of robustness tests. Our empirical findings reveal a positive relationship between management integrity and ESG scores, particularly in the environmental and social dimensions. This research emphasizes the importance of non-financial information in investor assessments and highlights the critical role of management integrity in the effective implementation of ESG strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate social responsibility and stock liquidity across the globe","authors":"Van Ha Nguyen , Tung Lam Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our paper examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on stock liquidity using a worldwide sample of 42,302 firm-year observations from 43 countries over the 2004˗2019 period. We find that firms with greater CSR are associated with higher levels of stock liquidity. This result is robust to employing alternative variable measures, modifying model specifications, altering sample compositions, and controlling for potential endogeneity including a difference-in-differences analysis based on mandatory ESG disclosure regulations that exogenously enhance firms’ CSR performance. Our further investigation suggests that this linkage can be justified by information asymmetry and internal governance channels. Moreover, the effect of CSR on stock liquidity is stronger in countries that exhibit better institutional quality and lower secrecy culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}