{"title":"The response of emerging financial markets to IMF news during COVID-19 pandemic1","authors":"Moustafa Abuelfadl , Ehab Yamani","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article compares the influence of IMF related news announcements on currency and stock markets before and during the coronavirus pandemic in an event study and regression framework. Our event horizon includes a total of 116 IMF event news, of which 64 are associated with emerging countries (as our key test assets) and 52 are associated with developed countries (as controls), spanning the period from January 2017 to December 2020. Our central finding is that IMF news exert significant impact on emerging currency and stock markets, but the conclusion about the direction of this news effect depends on our choice of model specification (event study versus regression), event news type (bad versus good news), and the cross-market spillover effects between currency and stock markets in the wake of the pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is corporate social responsibility a must or a plus? The role of national culture","authors":"Liu Wang , Shaomin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the role of national culture in shaping corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and how CSR is valued by investors. In a multilevel study of 4998 firms across 34 nations, we find that firms in performance-based culture (PBC) are more likely to engage in explicit CSR activities, but performance-driven investors view such an effort as a drag on shareholder returns in PBC-oriented societies, resulting in lower valuation. In contrast, firms in socially supportive culture (SSC) tend to invest less in explicit CSR activities, but such an investment is viewed favorably by social-minded investors in SSC-oriented societies, and thus pays, financially. By investigating both the antecedents and consequences of CSR in an integrated framework, we discover a compelling story that, in PBC-oriented societies, explicit CSR is a <em>must</em>, which is not valued by investors, whereas in SSC-oriented societies, explicit CSR is a <em>plus</em>, which the market rewards substantially.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongmei Wang , Zitian Hu , Xinyu Cui , Chun Yuan , Yang Zhao
{"title":"Regional cooperation and corporate vertical disintegration: Evidence from Chinese listed companies","authors":"Hongmei Wang , Zitian Hu , Xinyu Cui , Chun Yuan , Yang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of regional cooperation on corporate vertical disintegration. To provide a theoretical foundation, we extend the Grossman-Hart-Moore framework by incorporating parameters that capture the degree of regional cooperation and the transaction costs typically incurred by suppliers and producers. Using detailed firm-level data from Chinese listed companies, our empirical analysis demonstrates that regional cooperation significantly promotes vertical disintegration. The mechanism analysis suggests that this effect is primarily driven by a reduction in external transaction costs, which increases outsourcing efficiency and facilitates stronger inter-firm collaboration. Moreover, further analysis shows that the enhanced vertical disintegration facilitated by regional cooperation can significantly improve corporate production efficiency. These findings highlight the critical role of regional cooperation in reshaping corporate structures and enhancing economic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mean reversion of the soybean crush spread: A new model and trading strategies","authors":"Hussein Abdoh, Michael Chitavi","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reports have long provided vital information influencing commodity prices. However, no study has examined how intraday deviations of soybean products from the processing relationship reflected in USDA estimates affect the soybean crush spread. We introduce a new market-based measure that captures these deviations in the short term. They significantly explain transitory movements in the crush spread, temporarily departing from its long-run equilibrium. Our simulations demonstrate that trading strategies based on these findings would have been profitable, even after accounting for transaction costs. This analysis is based on 8650 trading days from September 1990 to May 2021.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rare disasters and multilayer spillovers between volatility and skewness in international stock markets over a century of data: The role of geopolitical risk","authors":"Matteo Foglia , Vasilios Plakandaras , Rangan Gupta , Elie Bouri","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measuring risk and understanding risk spillover across markets lie at the core of the decision-making process of every financial market participant and monetary authority. However, the bulk of the literature treats risk as a function of the second moment (volatility) of the return distribution, based on the implicit unrealistic assumption that asset returns are normally distributed. In this paper, we examine risk spillovers involving robust estimates of both second and third moments of model-implied distributions of stock returns using a multilayer approach; then, we assess the ability of geopolitical risk, as a proxy for rare disaster risk, to forecast layer-based risk spillovers using machine-learning methods. Considering a century of data on the stock indices of the G7 and Switzerland from May 1917 to February 2023, the results show the following: Firstly, the risk spillover among stock markets exists within each layer (i.e. volatility and skewness), with a stronger effect in the volatility layer. Secondly, the risk spillover is significant across the two layers, highlighting how various aspects of risk information are transmitted across major stock markets. Thirdly, geopolitical risk affects both risk layer values, based on an out-of-sample forecasting exercise. Specifically, global measures of geopolitical risk can forecast risk spillovers at shorter horizons up to 6 months, whereas, at longer horizons, the forecasting exercise is dominated by market-specific characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intellectual property protection, new quality productivity, and economic growth: Empirical evidence from China","authors":"Rengui Guo , Yilong Ruanzhou , Hanmo Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study utilizes the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2012 to 2022 to empirically examine the impact of the coupled synergy of intellectual property protection and new quality productivity on economic growth. It introduces the regulatory and mediating mechanisms of scientific and technological innovation, mismatch of innovation resources, and international competitiveness. The study finds that: (1) intellectual property protection and new quality productivity can significantly promote economic growth, and the better the synergy between the two, the stronger the promotion effect; (2) there is obvious heterogeneity among regions, and the synergy effect is more significant in the eastern and central regions; (3) sci-tech innovation plays a key intermediary role; (4) mismatch of innovation resources and international competitiveness play an important moderating effect in this mechanism. This conclusion provides empirical references for improving the intellectual property protection, cultivating new quality productivity, and realizing high-quality development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of FinTech development on corporate employment","authors":"Xin Shi , Yuwen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a region-level FinTech index calculated from account-level data provided by Ant Finance Service Group, we examine how FinTech development affects corporate employment. Drawing on a sample of 3277 non-financial A-share listed companies in China from 2011 to 2019, we find that firms with tighter financial constraints hire significantly more employees in cities with more developed FinTech services, which is consistent with the economic mechanism whereby FinTech alleviates financing constraints. Further analysis reveals that FinTech development intensifies bank loan competition, enabling financially constrained firms to gain greater access to credit. Additionally, FinTech development reduces under-investment (under-hiring) in employees caused by labor-related financing needs. At the city level, FinTech development has a significant positive impact on local employment, indicating that it also has aggregate effects. Overall, our findings suggest that FinTech can mitigate the distortive effects of credit market imperfections on the labor market, thereby helping to alleviate unemployment issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Media heterogeneity and corporate ESG performance: evidence from China","authors":"Zi Wang , Dechang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on a research sample of Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2020, this study explores the heterogeneous roles of market-oriented and state-controlled media in affecting corporate ESG performance. We find that only negative coverage by market-oriented media can significantly promote corporate ESG, which remains robust for a series of tests. The mechanism analysis indicates that the different roles of negative market-oriented and state-controlled media coverage in ESG are due to their heterogeneous influence on corporate reputation. Moreover, these heterogeneous influences are affected by government intervention, analyst attention, and industries' pollution intensity. Finally, we show that doing more ESG as response to negative market-oriented media coverage is economically efficient and does not crowd out R&D investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana Alhajjeah , Mustafa Besim , Heitham Al-Hajieh
{"title":"Mitigating crisis impact: The influence of corporate social responsibility on non-financial firms’ financial performance","authors":"Diana Alhajjeah , Mustafa Besim , Heitham Al-Hajieh","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the financial performance of firms by analyzing how it affects the relationship between capital structure and financial performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on non-financial publicly listed firms in the USA, UK, Canada, Japan, and Italy from 2018 to 2021. Our findings reveal that during the pandemic short-term debt significantly negatively impacts return on assets (ROA), specifically a decrease of 35 %. Additionally, we provide empirical evidence that CSR positively influences financial performance. In particular, the combined CSR scores, as well as environmental and social activities, positively affect ROA, return on equity (ROE), and Tobin's Q across all analyses. We observe that a high combined score (ESG) mitigates the adverse effects of all types of debt on ROA and ROE. However, the positive impact on Tobin's Q is more pronounced regarding long-term and total debt by 0.987 % and 0.937 %, respectively. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that high environmental, social, and governance activities have a more substantial positive effect on the relationship between total debt and both ROE and Tobin's Q. Overall, our study suggests that investing in CSR can be a wise strategy for firms, not only helping to alleviate the adverse effects of debt during market downturns but also switch the adverse effect to positive which ultimately enhancing financial performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tahir Akhtar , Liqian Chen , Muhammad Abdullah , Md Saiful Islam , Mohammad Ali Tareq
{"title":"Shareholder perks and cash holdings: Board influence in firms with and without perks","authors":"Tahir Akhtar , Liqian Chen , Muhammad Abdullah , Md Saiful Islam , Mohammad Ali Tareq","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of shareholder perks (SHP) on cash holdings (CH) and examines whether the role of the board of directors (BOD) affects CH in shareholder-perk (SHP) and non-shareholder-perk (NON-SHP) firms in Japan. Using a sample of 3526 firms from 2005 to 2022, the findings show that firms with perk programs hold lower cash compared to their counterparts, reducing free cash flow agency conflicts. Independent directors and female directors encourage CH, indicating lower agency costs. In contrast, larger board size, executive directors, and male directors decrease CH, consistent with agency theory. In sub-sample analyses, independent and female directors encourage CH in both SHP and NON-SHP firms. In contrast, a higher number of executive and male directors decreases CH in NON-SHP firms while encouraging CH in SHP firms. Board size plays an effective role only in NON-SHP firms. Several econometric methods support the results. The findings illuminate the significance of SHP and board composition in cash management and corroborate the BOD's varied effect on CH policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}