International Journal of STD & AIDS最新文献

{"title":"HIV care status and CD4 count among patients identified through an emergency department-based HIV screening program.","authors":"Eric Boccio, Nichapha Manoonwong, Maria Carmenza Mejia, Behnaz Ghoraani, Jianli Niu, Paula Eckardt, Michael Weiss, Xingquan Zhu","doi":"10.1177/09564624261480763","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261480763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDisengagement from HIV care may impair immune reconstitution and increase the risk of advanced disease and transmission. We evaluated the association between HIV care status and CD4 count among patients identified through a universal emergency department-based HIV screening program.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of electronic health records from six emergency departments within a single healthcare system in South Broward County, Florida, from July 2018 through February 2024. Adults were offered free HIV combination assay testing. Patients with reactive screening tests were referred for CD4 count and viral load testing. HIV care status was categorized as out of care/refused, in care, linked to care, re-engaged in care, or deceased. Multivariable linear regression examined the association between CD4 count and care status, adjusting for HIV status, demographics, insurance, viral load, and transmission risk.ResultsAmong 828 positive HIV screening tests (positivity rate, 0.6%), 459 patients (55%) met inclusion criteria. The remaining 369 patients (45%) were excluded, primarily because of missing CD4 count data. After adjustment, patients engaged in HIV care had significantly higher CD4 counts than those out of care/refusing care (median CD4, 628 vs 176 cells/mm³; β = 244.6; 95% CI, 48.7-440.6; <i>p</i> = 0.014). Detectable and unknown viral loads were independently associated with lower CD4 counts compared with undetectable viral loads (β = -223.1 and -227.8, respectively; both <i>p</i> < 0.001). Although newly diagnosed patients had lower unadjusted CD4 counts, adjusted analyses demonstrated higher CD4 counts than patients with previously known HIV (β = 149.0; 95% CI, 56.6-241.4; <i>p</i> = 0.002), indicating confounding by care engagement. Excluded patients were similar to included patients except for more frequent unknown HIV transmission risk.ConclusionPatients disengaged from HIV care had substantially lower CD4 counts, suggesting more advanced disease. These findings support universal emergency department-based HIV screening as an opportunity to identify people living with HIV who are out of care and prioritize linkage and retention interventions to improve immune outcomes and reduce onward transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1181-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Certainly not in the heterosexual public eye': Qualitative study of the contexts of syphilis transmission among heterosexually-identifying people in England.","authors":"Megan Walsh, David Reid, Josh Forde, Lynsey Emmett, Medhat Basta, David Phillips, Malini Raychaudhuri, Freddy Green, Will Nutland, Alison R Howarth, Mateo Prochazka, Gwenda Hughes, Kirsty Foster, Catherine H Mercer, Hamish Mohammed","doi":"10.1177/09564624261474911","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261474911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundRecent increases in syphilis diagnoses among heterosexual individuals are a growing public health concern. The NEXUS study aimed to qualitatively assess the contexts surrounding syphilis transmission among heterosexually-identifying individuals in England.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with heterosexually-identifying individuals diagnosed with primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis in the previous year, and with healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in syphilis management. Participants were recruited from sexual health services across three regions in England between December 2023 and September 2024. A qualitative descriptive and interpretive approach was used. Transcripts were analysed using framework analysis, incorporating deductive and inductive coding. Service user and HCP data were triangulated to compare perspectives and enhance credibility.ResultsNineteen service users (53% male, 74% White British) and seven HCPs were interviewed. Syphilis was reported to occur in the context of condomless vaginal or oral sex. Many heterosexual individuals perceived low STI risk due to few partners, presumed exclusivity, or isolated changes in behaviour. Syphilis knowledge was limited and the infection was often viewed as rare or historical. Symptom recognition was poor, particularly for non-genital symptoms, and some service users initially sought care in non-sexual health settings, contributing to delayed diagnosis. HCPs highlighted similar gaps in awareness among non-sexual health clinicians. Following diagnosis, awareness of STI risk increased and most service users described intentions to reduce risk, although understanding of infectiousness and follow-up remained variable.ConclusionsFindings highlight gaps in awareness, risk perception, and clinical recognition of syphilis among heterosexual populations and non-sexual health HCPs. Public health strategies should emphasise syphilis as relevant to all sexually active people, raise awareness, and support earlier diagnosis by non-sexual health HCPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1166-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meningococcal B vaccination and gonorrhea: Communicating evolving evidence to young adults and sexual and gender minorities.","authors":"Paul Broker","doi":"10.1177/09564624261475940","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261475940","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1162-1165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep quality following antiretroviral therapy initiation and during long-term suppressive treatment in adults with HIV: A pilot study.","authors":"Sibel Altunisik Toplu, Ferhat Ozer, Merve Celik Ozer, Funda Memisoglu, Adem Kose, Zeynep Burcin Yilmaz, Zeynep Celik","doi":"10.1177/09564624261495331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261495331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveSleep problems are common among people with HIV, but prospective data on sleep quality early after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation are limited. This pilot study evaluated changes in sleep quality during the first month after ART initiation.MethodsIn this pilot cohort study, sleep quality was prospectively assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at ART initiation and 1 month later in an ART-initiation. A separate group receiving virologically suppressive ART for at least 1 year was assessed cross-sectionally. Continuous variables are presented as median [interquartile range (IQR)].ResultsNine participants were included in the ART-initiation group and 39 in the long-term suppressive ART group. In the ART-initiation group, median global PSQI scores were 4 [IQR 3-7] at baseline and 4 [IQR 4-6] at month 1, with no significant change (<i>p</i> = 0.915). Poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) was present in 33% at both assessments. In the long-term suppressive ART group, the median PSQI score was 6 [IQR 4-8], and 51% had poor sleep quality. Neither PSQI scores (<i>p</i> = 0.247) nor the prevalence of poor sleep quality (<i>p</i> = 0.466) differed significantly between baseline and the long-term suppressive ART group.ConclusionNo detectable change in sleep quality was observed during the first month after ART initiation. Approximately half of participants receiving long-term suppressive ART had poor sleep quality. These findings suggest that sleep quality may be a clinically relevant patient-reported outcome to consider during routine HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261495331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methenamine, minocycline, metronidazole and pristinamycin (M3P) for multi-drug-resistant <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> urethritis: A case series.","authors":"Thibaut Vanbaelen, Irith De Baetselier, Sheeba Santhini Manoharan-Basil, Dorien Van Den Bossche, Izumo Kanesaka, Chris Kenyon","doi":"10.1177/09564624261485264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261485264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesWorldwide, <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> infections are becoming more resistant to both macrolides and fluoroquinolones - termed multi-drug-resistant (MDR) infections. Combination therapy has shown promise in treating other MDR pathogens. We have previously reported the first five cases of MDR <i>M. genitalium</i> urethritis successfully treated with a novel combination therapy regimen consisting of minocycline, metronidazole, methenamine and pristinamycin ('M3P').MethodsWe describe a second case series of four individuals treated with M3P as salvage therapy for <i>M. genitalium</i> urethritis. Clinical data, laboratory findings, resistance profiles, and treatment outcomes were reviewed.ResultsAll four individuals had persistent <i>M. genitalium</i> urethritis and evidence of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance. Prior treatments included multiple courses of doxycycline, minocycline, azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, pristinamycin and other salvage regimens. Treatment with M3P for 14 days was associated with complete resolution of symptoms and negative post-treatment <i>M. genitalium</i> nucleic acid amplification tests in all four cases. No adverse effects were reported.ConclusionsM3P is a useful salvage therapy for MDR <i>M. genitalium</i> infections that do not respond to other regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261485264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value point of care lateral flow immunochromatographic assay in bacterial vaginosis: A pilot study.","authors":"Irvandra Afren, Izazi Hari Purwoko, Muhammad Athuf Thaha, Debby Handayati Harahap, Lisa Dewi, Rusmawardiana Rusmawardiana, Fitriani Fitriani","doi":"10.1177/09564624261491471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261491471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal dysbiosis with a global prevalence range from 20 to 60%. The gold standard for diagnosis BV is the Nugent score, while clinical diagnosis uses Amsel criteria; both have limitations such as prolonged examination time, requiring a microscope, and trained healthcare personnel. Point-of-care lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (POCT-LFIA) is an alternative method for diagnosing BV.MethodsWe conducted a pilot diagnostic study among women with vaginal discharge at the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Clinic at RSMH Palembang from February to April 2026. All study subjects suspected of having BV with vaginal discharge characteristics underwent POCT-LFIA, vaginal pH, whiff test, and Gram stain examinations to detect clue cells and calculate the Nugent score. A definitive diagnosis of BV was established based on a Nugent score of 7-10.ResultsAmong of 77 participants, 36 (47%) were diagnosed with BV based on Nugent score. POCT-LFIA was positive in 33 of 36 these cases, with three false-negative results, and three false-positive results occurred among the 41 participants without BV. Whereas Amsel criteria identified 32 cases. The POCT-LFIA had 92% sensitivity, 93% specificity, 92% positive predictive value, 93% negative predictive value, and 92% diagnostic accuracy. The corresponding values for the Amsel criteria were 89%, 90%, 91%, 90%, and 91%, respectively. The POCT-LFIA was comparable with Amsel criteria to diagnose BV.ConclusionsPOCT-LFIA demonstrated promising diagnostic performance for BV with results comparable to the Amsel criteria. Larger, multicentre studies are needed to validate these findings and determine its clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261491471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and congenital syphilis at a national referral center in Peru, 2023-2025.","authors":"William Leung, Carlos Velásquez Vásquez, Luis Meza Santivañez, Pedro Arango-Ochante, Kelika A Konda, Silver K Vargas, Carlos Cáceres, Jeffrey D Klausner, Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz","doi":"10.1177/09564624261487375","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261487375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundCongenital syphilis remains a preventable cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality despite the availability of inexpensive diagnostics and effective treatment. We aimed to evaluate the burden of maternal and congenital syphilis at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Peru's national referral center for maternal and perinatal care.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of aggregated, de-identified surveillance data from January 2023 to December 2025. We calculated the prevalence of maternal syphilis and incidence of congenital syphilis, and compared those estimates with World Health Organization (WHO) elimination benchmarks.ResultsAmong 59,598 pregnant people screened, maternal syphilis prevalence ranged between 1.0% and 1.2%. Across 36,094 live births, congenital syphilis incidence ranged between 383 and 526 per 100,000 live births, consistently exceeding the WHO target of 50 per 100,000 live births. Outside facilities identified over half of maternal infections before referral. Reported treatment coverage exceeded 90% among mothers and reached 100% among infants.ConclusionsCongenital syphilis incidence consistently exceeded elimination benchmarks despite relatively stable maternal syphilis prevalence, highlighting potential gaps in timely diagnosis and linkage between diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261487375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148989834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness to use long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Yao Song, Songjie Wu, Shiqi Guo, Dongdong Li, Shuang Xia, Lisha Wu, Cong Xin, Bin Yu, Rong Hu","doi":"10.1177/09564624261486907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261486907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) face a high risk of HIV acquisition globally. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective but limited by adherence and stigma. Long-acting injectable PrEP (LAI-PrEP) offers a promising alternative, yet global acceptance among MSM remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate the pooled willingness to use LAI-PrEP among MSM and identify key determinants.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched up to March 26, 2026. The search strategy contained the keyword willingness and interest and the MeSH terms for MSM and PrEP. Data analysis was performed using R. The systematic review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD420261432493).ResultsThirteen cross-sectional studies involving a total of 11,750 participants were included in the review. The pooled willingness rate was 69.9% (95% CI: 62.9%-76.9%). The test for subgroup differences showed no statistically significant difference among regions (<i>χ</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.46, <i>p</i> = 0.686). Six variables were significantly associated with higher willingness to use LAI-PrEP (all <i>p</i> < 0.05): oral PrEP use experience (OR = 2.67), history of HIV testing (OR = 1.99), engagement in transactional sex (OR = 1.79), having two or more male sexual partners in the past 6 months (OR = 1.74), heard of PrEP (OR = 2.13), and awareness of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) (OR = 1.67).ConclusionsWillingness to use LAI-PrEP among MSM was high, but a substantial proportion expressed unwillingness. Therefore, we recommend integrated education campaigns, leveraging HIV testing as an entry point, and prioritizing high-risk subgroups for targeted LAI-PrEP promotion to optimize HIV prevention in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261486907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148968685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and cytology performance for high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in young adults: a cohort study.","authors":"Irada Choudhuri, Alexander Layden, James Baran, Kevin Faaborg, Deborah McMahon, Ken Ho, Yijia Li","doi":"10.1177/09564624261487508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261487508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundHuman Papilloma Virus (HPV)-related high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is the precursor of anal cancer. There are limited data identifying factors that influence AIN progression in adults eligible for HPV vaccines.MethodsA single-center cohort study including persons aged 18-45 years as of 2020 followed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Anal Dysplasia Clinic (January 2020-December 2024), each with at least one anal cytology paired with histopathology or high-resolution anoscopy (reference standard). A subset with an initial non-HSIL result and ≥2 visits was followed longitudinally to assess progression to HSIL. Logistic regression identified factors associated with HSIL; Cox proportional hazards regression assessed progression to HSIL.ResultsWe included 238 individuals (191 with HIV and 47 without), with median age 37 years, 16% female sex at birth, and median age at HPV vaccination series initiation of 27 years, with 79 (82%) of vaccinated patients receiving all three doses. Among 507 paired cytology-reference results, anal cytology had low-moderate sensitivity (55%) and specificity (82%), but an acceptable negative predictive value of 96% for HSIL on the reference standard (ref-HSIL). In the full cohort, the risk factor for ref-HSIL was ASC-H (atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude HSIL) or HSIL on cytology (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.95, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In PWH, lower nadir CD4 count was associated with higher risk of ref-HSIL. Seven individuals with initial non-ref-HSIL progressed to ref-HSIL, all PWH with nadir CD4 <300 cells/µl; higher nadir CD4 was protective against progression (adjusted hazard ratio 0.43 per 100 cells/µl, <i>p</i> = 0.002) while current smoking was a risk factor (aHR 5.09, <i>p</i> = 0.05).ConclusionsAnal cytology alone is not sensitive for HSIL detection in younger adults. Low nadir CD4 + count and current smoking identify patients needing closer surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261487508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinician-observed genital lesions among pregnant women in a high HIV/sexually transmitted infection prevalence setting.","authors":"Chinazo Onyema, Chibuzor M Babalola, Jeffrey Klausner","doi":"10.1177/09564624261487933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261487933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesClinician-observed external genital lesions may be incorporated into syndromic STI management, yet their prevalence and morphology in antenatal populations are poorly characterized. We aimed to describe the prevalence and types of clinician-observed genital lesions among pregnant women in a high HIV/STI prevalence setting and examine their distribution by laboratory-confirmed HIV, syphilis, and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or Trichomonas vaginalis (CT/NG/TV</i>) status.MethodsWe analyzed clinical and laboratory data from the Philani Ndiphile antenatal STI screening study (2021-2025), conducted across four primary healthcare clinics in the Eastern Cape, South Africa (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04446611). Among 2,247 pregnant women attending their first antenatal visit, trained clinicians documented the presence and morphology of external genital lesions during routine pelvic examination. Lesions were categorized as warts, inflammatory/dermatitis-like, ulcerative/erosive, boils/abscesses, scarring, cystic swelling, or other/unclassified. HIV and syphilis were diagnosed using rapid antibody testing and rapid treponemal tests; <i>CT/NG/TV</i> was detected by GeneXpert® molecular assay. Analyses used counts and proportions to characterize lesion prevalence overall and by infection status, with comparisons performed separately for HIV, syphilis, and <i>CT/NG/TV</i>.ResultsOverall, 61 participants (2.7%) had a clinician-observed genital lesion. Lesion prevalence was significantly higher among women living with HIV than among women without HIV (6.1% vs. 1.3%; <i>p</i><0.001) and among women with, versus women without syphilis (11.9% vs. 2.4%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), but did not differ significantly between women with versus without <i>CT/NG/TV</i> (3.5% vs. 2.4%; <i>p</i> = 0.16). Warts were the most common lesion type overall and were disproportionately observed among women living with HIV. Among lesion-positive women within each infection group, ulcerative lesions were observed in 40% of those with syphilis, 12.5% of those living with HIV, and 19% of those with <i>CT/NG/TV</i>.ConclusionsClinician-observed genital lesions were uncommon in this antenatal cohort, and most laboratory-confirmed STIs were not accompanied by visible lesions. These findings highlight their limited overlap and support current guidelines emphasizing laboratory-based antenatal screening for HIV and syphilis, with expanded STI testing where diagnostic capacity permits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261487933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}