International Journal of STD & AIDS最新文献

{"title":"Third-degree atrioventricular block as a rare complication of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI): A case report.","authors":"Jonathan Joseph Goodfellow, Carmen Hendy, Adam Temple, Jack W Samways, Victoria Tittle","doi":"10.1177/09564624261418079","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261418079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is characterised by complete dissociation between atrial and ventricular activity. It is commonly caused by degenerative conduction disease, ischaemia, medications, or in this case - an infective process. We report a rare case of third-degree AV block caused by disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). Rates of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> are increasing, and DGI remains an important but often under-recognised complication. While DGI typically presents with tenosynovitis, polyarthralgia, and skin lesions - cardiac involvement is uncommon. A 36-year-old cis-male who has sex with men presented with polyarthralgia, tenosynovitis, maculopapular rash, and exertional dyspnoea. Electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated third-degree AV block. Mucosal swabs were positive for <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> at both rectal <i>and</i> pharyngeal sites, though blood cultures were likely negative due to prior antibiotic usage before obtaining cultures. Cardiac imaging showed no structural abnormality or evidence of endocarditis. In the absence of an alternative cause, a diagnosis of presumptive DGI was made. After treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone for seven days, cardiac conduction normalised. Follow-up ECG and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at later time points confirmed complete recovery. This case highlights a novel cardiac manifestation of DGI and reinforces the importance of recognising systemic complications of gonorrhoea.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"674-677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating prospective Genito-urinary medicine trainees' perspectives on applying to and entering Internal Medicine Training: Barriers and opportunities for support.","authors":"Millicent Richardson, Maeve Mulchrone, Catrin Thomas, Eleanor Cochrane, Cate Goldwater Breheny, Adhishree Sunilkumar, Amy Lyons, Grace Currie, Liberty-Isabelle Todd, Ella Heath, Lily Edwards, Emma Cartner, Toni Masters","doi":"10.1177/09564624251400573","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624251400573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesGenito-urinary medicine (GUM) in the UK is experiencing a recruitment crisis, with persistently low higher specialty training (HST) fill rates. As completion of Internal Medicine Training (IMT) stage 1 is required before GUM HST, we aimed to explore prospective applicants' understanding of applications and identify how the Student and Trainee Association for Sexual Health and HIV (STASHH) could provide support.MethodsAn online evaluation was distributed via STASHH's social media and ambassador networks to medical students and pre-specialty doctors interested in GUM. Respondents provided information on training stage, familiarity with IMT applications, self-assessed scores, and perceived barriers.ResultsOf 59 respondents, 56 were eligible for analysis. Most (86%) were considering IMT, but 73% reported the IMT requirements deterred them from GUM. 34% self-scored above the 2024 interview threshold. Gaps included postgraduate qualifications (83%), teaching (70%), and publications (58%). Barriers included research access, time and financial pressures, lack of mentorship, and perceived lack of understanding of the research process. These barriers disproportionately affect those from widening participation backgrounds.ConclusionsDifficulties in IMT stage 1 recruitment are likely to present a significant barrier to adequate GUM HST fill rates. STASHH can address this through improved access to mentorship, teaching, research opportunities, and clearer portfolio guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"662-667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"British Association of Sexual Health and HIV National guideline for the management of infection with <i>Mycoplasma genitalium,</i> 2025.","authors":"Suneeta Soni, Helen Fifer, Yaser Al-Shakarchi, Joanne Bassett, Joy Mbaulu, Nicolas Pinto-Sander, Sara Strodtbeck, Michael Rayment","doi":"10.1177/09564624251359054","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624251359054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This guideline provides details on the pathology and clinical features of <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> infection and makes recommendations for diagnostic tests, treatment regimens and the health promotion principles needed for the effective management of infection, in people aged 16 years or older attending sexual health services. The guideline is primarily aimed at level 3 sexual health services in the UK, although it could also serve as a reference guide for sexually transmitted infections services at other levels. It is updated from the previous guideline published in 2018.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"576-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restless leg syndrome in people living with HIV: Prevalence, clinical predictors and the impact on sleep quality and psychological distress.","authors":"Vasilis Petrakis, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Nikoleta Babaka, Andreas G Tsantes, Gregorios Trypsianis, Petros Rafailidis, Maria Panopoulou, Dimitrios Papazoglou, Periklis Panagopoulos","doi":"10.1177/09564624261420689","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261420689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundRestless Leg Syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder with a prevalence of 5-10% in Western countries. Emerging evidence suggests a higher prevalence among people living with HIV (PWHIV), though comprehensive studies are lacking. RLS may be exacerbated in PWHIV due to chronic neuro-inflammation and nutritional deficiencies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of RLS in a Greek PWHIV population and identify associated demographic, clinical and laboratory risk factors.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 194 PWHIV and 200 non-HIV controls. Data were collected via clinical interviews, validated questionnaires and medical records. We assessed RLS prevalence, clinical characteristics, sleep quality and psychological distress. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney U tests, Chi-square tests, and a stepwise logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of RLS.ResultsRLS prevalence was significantly higher in the PWHIV group (31%; 95% CI: 25.3-38.3%) compared to controls (15%; 95% CI: 10.2-20.2%, p < 0.001). In PWHIV, RLS was associated with shorter duration of HIV/HAART, lower CD4 cell counts at diagnosis and currently, and detectable viral load. Detectable viral load was the strongest independent predictor of RLS (OR 15.49, p < 0.001). RLS was also independently associated with poor sleep quality (OR 15.48), anxiety (OR 5.18), and depression (OR 9.22).ConclusionsRLS is a prevalent comorbidity in Greek PWHIV, strongly associated with active viral replication and a state of advanced immunosuppression. The findings highlight the need for systematic RLS screening in this population to improve clinical outcomes and psychosocial well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"613-622"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends in adult and congenital syphilis in the EU/EEA: A joinpoint study.","authors":"Zeynep Sedef Varol","doi":"10.1177/09564624261420693","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261420693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundSyphilis notifications, including congenital syphilis, have increased markedly in recent years across the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), raising renewed public health concerns. This study aimed to characterise long-term trends in adult syphilis notifications in the EU/EEA from 2000 to 2023 and to examine recent patterns in congenital syphilis using joinpoint regression analysis.MethodsAnnual crude notification rates for adult syphilis (per 100,000 population, 2000-2023) and congenital syphilis (per 100,000 live births, 2010-2023) were obtained from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Joinpoint regression was applied to identify significant trend changes, estimate Annual Percent Change (APC) and, where appropriate, Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC).ResultsIn the EU/EEA, adult syphilis rates declined from 2000 to 2007 (APC -8.76%), increased from 2007 to 2021 (APC +3.32%), and rose sharply after 2021 (APC +24.65%). Overall AAPC (2000-2023) was +1.12%. Congenital syphilis rates declined between 2010 and 2016 (APC -11.92%), then increased between 2016 and 2023 (APC +9.16%).ConclusionsSyphilis notifications in the EU/EEA show a sustained resurgence, with recent acceleration and a parallel rising trend in congenital syphilis. Reinforcement of STI screening, timely treatment, and strengthened antenatal care are urgently warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"623-629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Use of lenacapavir and cabotegravir/rilpivirine for virologic suppression in pregnancy: A Case Report.","authors":"Mahima Upadhyay, Susheel Joshi, Urooj Khan, Suzanne Irani, Kaitlin Liroff","doi":"10.1177/09564624261415720","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261415720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes the first documented use of lenacapavir in the setting of Y188L NNRTI resistance mutation during pregnancy, resulting in successful maternal viral suppression and prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. A 24-year-old woman with prior poor adherence, socioeconomic instability, and NNRTI resistance (Y188 L mutation) presented with uncontrolled viremia during her second pregnancy. After consultation with perinatal HIV experts, she initiated a long-acting injectable regimen combining lenacapavir (927 mg subcutaneous every 6 months) and cabotegravir/rilpivirine (600/900 mg intramuscular every 2 months). Rapid viral load reduction was achieved, declining from 147,351 to 67 copies/mL within weeks. Despite transient hepatotoxicity, the patient delivered an HIV-negative infant at term. Maternal HIV RNA remained <50 copies/mL postpartum and became undetectable by January 2025. The infant remained HIV-negative at 18-months follow-up. This case demonstrates the potential role of long-acting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in achieving sustained virologic control among pregnant patients with adherence challenges and drug resistance. While lenacapavir shows promise as a biannual agent addressing barriers to adherence, its pharmacokinetics and safety during pregnancy remain uncharacterized. These findings underscore the urgent need for systematic studies and pregnancy registries evaluating long-acting ART agents in maternal populations to optimize outcomes and eliminate vertical transmission in hard-to-treat cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"671-673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrence of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in pregnancy and the post-partum period.","authors":"Tamzin Hull, Killian Quinn, Elizabeth Hamlyn, Mary Poulton, Caoimhe Nic Fhogartaigh, Julie Chandra, David S Lawrence","doi":"10.1177/09564624251415442","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624251415442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of recurrent cryptococcal meningitis in a pregnant woman living with vertically acquired HIV. Despite effective treatment of primary infection prior to pregnancy, she later experienced a microbiological relapse of cryptococcal meningitis during pregnancy, and an immune-reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the post-partum period. This case emphasises the impact of pregnancy related immunological changes on the natural history of complex infections. This case illustrates the challenges of managing opportunistic infections throughout pregnancy and the influence of perinatal immunological changes on disease course.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"678-683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral human papillomavirus and HIV: A cross-sectional study among men with same-sex sexual contact in Nigeria.","authors":"Rebecca G Nowak, Kareshma Mohanty, Connor R Volpi, Kehinde Akinyombo, Chinenye Mgbakogu, Jumoke Nwalozie, Lisa M Schumaker, Kareemah T Suleiman, James Cottam, Kara Lombardi, Ashley Shutt, Nicholas P Ambulos, Mohammed M Sajadi, Kevin J Cullen, Trevor A Crowell","doi":"10.1177/09564624261429000","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261429000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundOropharyngeal cancers associated with oral human papillomavirus (oHPV) are becoming more common. Understanding factors associated with oHPV among African men, including those living in settings where broader contextual factors shape how HPV-associated cancers are prioritized, may help predict future cancer risk and inform screening interventions.MethodsFrom 2014 to 2018, a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of oHPV was conducted among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. Participants completed HIV testing and behavioral questionnaires before providing oral gargle samples. Gargle samples were genotyped for oHPV and oral high-risk HPV (oHR-HPV16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68). Multivariable logistic regression estimated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAmong 584 men, median age was 24 years (interquartile range: 22-28) and 69% were living with HIV. The prevalence of oHPV, oHR-HPV and HPV16 was 16.6% (95% CI: 13.7-19.9), 5.7% (95% CI: 3.9-7.8), and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.5-2.5), respectively. Living with HIV was positively associated with oHPV (aOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.14-3.41) and trended similarly for oHR-HPV (aOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 0.93-5.66). Oral HPV was associated with having insertive anal sex (aOR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.06-3.24) as compared to both insertive and receptive. Oral HPV was associated with having sex with women over 5 years ago (aOR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.28-7.67) but not in the past 5 years (aOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 0.91-3.18) as compared to no sex with women. Oral HR-HPV was independently associated with insertive anal sex (aOR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.11-6.08).ConclusionsLiving with HIV was significantly associated with oHPV prevalence, though oHR-HPV prevalence was lower than expected. Longitudinal studies are needed to define risk pathways for oropharyngeal cancer, particularly in settings where social and structural contexts may affect access to appropriate care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"648-657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12964560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between extreme weather events, mobility, and resource insecurities with HIV vulnerabilities among older adults in Moshi, Tanzania: Cross-sectional findings.","authors":"Carmen H Logie, Andie MacNeil, Andrea Pellatt, Karen Yeates, Nicola West, Frannie MacKenzie, Hamza Rajabu, Anisia Kiwelu, Oswald Urassa, Zerihun Admassu","doi":"10.1177/09564624261446403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261446403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundEnvironmental and social hazards shape HIV vulnerabilities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although older adults (>55) have an HIV prevalence higher than the national average in Tanzania, they are understudied in HIV research. To address this knowledge gap, we examined associations between extreme weather event exposure, mobility, resource insecurities, and HIV vulnerabilities among older adults in Moshi, Tanzania.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in Moshi with adults aged ≥50 randomly sampled from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology cohort. We conducted multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses to examine associations between environmental (past-year extreme weather events; recent [past 6- and 1-month] seasonal/weather-related mobility) and social (food, water, and/or sanitation insecurity) hazards, protective factors (social support, resilience), and HIV vulnerabilities (condom use self-efficacy; sexual relationship power; lifetime intimate partner violence). Models were adjusted for age, gender, education, and relationship status.ResultsAmong participants (n = 250; mean age: 60.6 years, SD = 11.1; 72.8% women), over half (56.0%) reported >1 past-year extreme weather. Past-year extreme weather exposure (adjusted beta [aβ] = -1.09, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -2.08 to -0.10), past-month mobility (aβ = -2.25, 95%CI: -3.45 to -1.06), past 6-month mobility (aβ = -1.83, 95% CI: -3.17 to -0.48), and low food security (vs high/marginal) (aβ = -0.94, 95% CI: -1.72 to -0.15) were associated with lower condom use self-efficacy. Social support (aβ = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.06- 0.16) and resilience (aβ = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12-0.44) were associated with increased condom use self-efficacy. Past-month (aβ = -5.03, 95% CI: -7.04 to -3.02) and 6-month (β = -2.59, 95% CI: -4.72 to -0.48) mobility were associated with lower sexual relationship power. Past-month mobility (aOR = 12.31, 95% CI: 2.67-56.80) and sanitation insecurity (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.32) were associated with higher intimate partner violence odds.ConclusionsExtreme weather event exposure, seasonal/weather-related mobility, and resource insecurities were associated with HIV vulnerabilities among older adults in Moshi. HIV programs in climate-affected contexts can include older populations and integrate social and environmental hazards.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261446403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Toluidine Red Unheated Serum Test (TRUST) titer and cerebrospinal fluid parameters as predictors of neurosyphilis in HIV-negative people with late latent syphilis.","authors":"Lin Zhu, Xin Gu, Liyan Ni, Wei Zhao, Zhifang Guan, Haikong Lu, Pingyu Zhou","doi":"10.1177/09564624261448329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261448329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe diagnosis of neurosyphilis is challenging due to the limited sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. Late latent syphilis is defined as positive treponemal serology without clinical manifestations and untreated infection for more than 1 year. Symptomatic or asymptomatic neurosyphilis is diagnosed based on cerebrospinal fluid findings and clinical symptoms. This cross-sectional study investigated serum Toluidine Red Unheated Serum Test (TRUST) titer and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers as predictors of neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients with late latent syphilis.MethodsA total of 196 HIV-negative patients with late latent syphilis who underwent lumbar puncture at the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital between September 2009 and December 2022 were included. Neurosyphilis was defined as a reactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were analyzed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsOf the 196 patients, 123 (63%) were diagnosed with neurosyphilis. In multivariable analysis, higher serum TRUST titer, elevated CSF white blood cell count, and increased CSF protein levels were independently associated with neurosyphilis. Optimal cutoffs were serum TRUST ≥1:16, CSF protein ≥0.7 g/L, and CSF white blood cell ≥10 cells/μL. The CSF white blood cell count showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.90). The combination of these three variables improved the sensitivity and specificity by 89% and 90%, respectively.ConclusionAmong HIV-negative patients with late latent syphilis, elevated serum TRUST titer, CSF white blood cell count, and a CSF protein level ≥0.7 g/L are independently associated with neurosyphilis. The composite panel serves as reliable tool for post-lumbar puncture risk stratification and interpretation of CSF findings in routine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261448329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}