International Journal of STD & AIDS最新文献

{"title":"Scratching beneath the surface: An evaluation of the management of scabies 2017-2023.","authors":"Bryony Broster, Amanda Clarke, Collins Iwuji, Suneeta Soni","doi":"10.1177/09564624241242167","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624241242167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Possible resistance to recommended treatments for scabies has emerged recently. In response to anecdotal reports of a recent increase in treatment failure with permethrin, the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) released a statement alerting members to this.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine attendances and the treatment pathways for scabies cases seen at local sexual health clinics.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A case note review of scabies attendances between January 2017 and December 2023 was conducted. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical information, and scabies treatment histories. Statistical analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>143 patients attended with scabies. The number of scabies cases did not appear to increase significantly from 2017 to 2023 (<i>p</i> = .09). There was significant increase in median number of treatments per case per year over time (<i>p</i> = .013). The number of individuals needing second-line treatments increased significantly over time (<i>p</i>-trend < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Individuals with scabies are requiring more treatments to clear infection. Use of ivermectin has risen in the last year suggesting that second-line treatment is increasingly needed for eradication. Whilst treatment failure may be due to non-compliance with treatment and decontamination efforts for both index and contacts, the more recent change in findings could be attributed to a fall in permethrin efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140305637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis preventive treatment uptake among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus: Analysis of Zimbabwe population-based human immunodeficiency virus impact assessment 2020.","authors":"Talent Maphosa, Kelsey Mirkovic, Rachel A Weber, Godfrey Musuka, Munyaradzi P Mapingure, Julia Ershova, Rebecca Laws, Trudy Dobbs, William Coggin, Charles Sandy, Tsitsi Apollo, Owen Mugurungi, Michael Melchior, Mansoor S Farahani","doi":"10.1177/09564624241239186","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624241239186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death by an infectious disease among people living with HIV (PLHIV). TB Preventive Treatment (TPT) is a cost-effective intervention known to reduce morbidity and mortality. We used data from ZIMPHIA 2020 to assess TPT uptake and factors associated with its use.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>ZIMPHIA a cross-sectional household survey, estimated HIV treatment outcomes among PLHIV aged ≥15 years. Randomly selected participants provided demographic and clinical information. We applied multivariable logistic regression models using survey weights. Variances were estimated via the Jackknife series to determine factors associated with TPT uptake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample of 2419 PLHIV ≥15 years had 65% females, 44% had no primary education, and 29% lived in urban centers. Overall, 38% had ever taken TPT, including 15% currently taking TPT. Controlling for other variables, those screened for TB at last HIV-related visit, those who visited a TB clinic in the previous 12 months, and those who had HIV viral load suppression were more likely to take TPT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings show suboptimal TPT coverage among PLHIV. There is a need for targeted interventions and policies to address the barriers to TPT uptake, to reduce TB morbidity and mortality among PLHIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of control of herpes suppression following bariatric surgery.","authors":"Shyam Samraj, Kimberley Olasoji, Raj Patel","doi":"10.1177/09564624241264584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624241264584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a 42-year-old female with confirmed recurrent genital herpes (HSV-2), which was well controlled on suppressive antiviral therapy with aciclovir 400 mg twice daily. The patient required bariatric surgery in order to manage what was deemed a dangerously high BMI. A Roux-en-Y procedure was performed which effectively reduced her weight; however, herpes suppression become ineffective post operatively, with serious herpes related complications, despite increasing the total dose of aciclovir and the frequency from twice daily to three times a day. Complete herpes control was restored by changing therapy to valaciclovir 500 mg twice daily. The Roux-en-Y procedure is the most common form of bariatric surgery. Consequences on the efficacy of different herpes antivirals can be predicted from what is known of their properties and sites of absorption. Similar problems with herpes virus suppression may be avoided by an anticipated change in therapy preoperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sickle cell trait, APOL1 risk allele status and chronic kidney disease among ART-experienced adults living with HIV in northern Nigeria.","authors":"Abdurrahman Abdulhamid, Bryan E Shepherd, Usman J Wudil, Chelsea Van Wyk, Faisal S Dankishiya, Nafiu Hussaini, C William Wester, Muktar H Aliyu","doi":"10.1177/09564624241262397","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624241262397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We sought to determine the prevalence of sickle cell trait (SCT) and apolipoprotein-1 (<i>APOL1)</i> risk variants in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria, and to establish if SCT and <i>APOL1</i> high-risk status correlate with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline demographic and clinical data were obtained during three cross-sectional visits. CKD was defined as having an eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m². We collected urine specimens to determine urine albumin-creatine ratio and blood samples for sickle cell genotyping, <i>APOL1</i> testing, and for creatinine/cystatin C assessment. The associations between SCT, <i>APOL1</i> genotype, and eGFR/CKD stages/CKD were investigated using linear/ordinal logistic/logistic regression models, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2443 participants, 599 (24.5%) had SCT, and 2291 (93.8%) had a low-risk <i>APOL1</i> genotype (0 or 1 risk variant), while 152 (6.2%) had high-risk genotype (2 allele copies). In total, 108 participants (4.4%) were diagnosed with CKD. In adjusted analyses, SCT was associated with lower eGFR (adjusted mean difference [aMD]= -2.33, 95% CI -4.25, -0.42), but not with worse CKD stages, or increased odds of developing CKD. Participants with the <i>APOL1</i> high risk genotype were more likely to have lower eGFR (aMD= -5.45, 95% CI -8.87, -2.03), to develop CKD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.75), and to be in worse CKD stages (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.29) than those with the low-risk genotype. There was no evidence of interaction between SCT and <i>APOL1</i> genotype on eGFR or risk of CKD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the multifaceted interplay of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of CKD in PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waist circumference and cardiometabolic parameters in people of African/Caribbean ancestry with HIV in South London (CKD-AFRICA study).","authors":"Laura Cechin, Lourdes Dominguez-Dominguez, Lucy Campbell, Lisa Hamzah, Julie Fox, Royce P Vincent, Georgios K Dimitriadis, Louise Goff, Frank A Post","doi":"10.1177/09564624241233036","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624241233036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are no validated waist circumference (WC) cut-offs to define metabolic syndrome in Black people with HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional analyses within the CKD-AFRICA study. We used Pearson correlation coefficients and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to describe the relationship between WC and cardiometabolic parameters including triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and to identify optimal WC cut-offs for each of these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 383 participants (55% female, median age 52 years) with generally well controlled HIV. Female and male participants had similar WC (median 98 vs. 97 cm, <i>p</i> = .16). Generally weak correlations (r² < 0.2) between WC and other cardiometabolic parameters were observed, with low (<0.7) areas under the ROC curves. The optimal WC cut-offs for constituents of the metabolic syndrome, HbA1c and HOMA-IR ranged from 92 to 101 cm in women and 89-98 cm in men, respectively; these cut-offs had variable sensitivity (52%-100%) and generally poor specificity (28%-72%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort of Black people with HIV, WC cut-offs for cardiometabolic risk factors in male participants were in line with the recommended value of 94 cm while in female participants they vastly exceeded the recommended 80 cm for white women.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11157977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139912602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into ocular syphilis in Nepal.","authors":"Sadhana Sharma, Ranju Kharel, Sanket Parajuli, Ruchi Shrestha, Shradha Tiwari, Himang Singh Maskey","doi":"10.1177/09564624241232451","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624241232451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the demographic characteristics, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and medical management of patients with ocular syphilis, known as 'the great masquerader,' at a tertiary eye care center in Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review involving 15 eyes from ten patients with ocular syphilis treated at a uveitis referral center between 2020 and 2022. Lumbar puncture was performed if neurosyphilis was suspected. Treatment success was defined as the absence of ocular inflammation in both eyes and a decrease in Veneral disease research laboratory (VDRL) titres after completing therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15 eyes of 10 patients were diagnosed with syphilitic uveitis based on positive treponemal and non-treponemal serological tests. The mean age of the patient was 39.9 years (range 22-54 years) with an equal distribution between males and females. HIV coinfection was not found in any of the patients. Syphilitic uveitis was the primary presentation in nine patients (90%), while one patient presented with recurrent nodular scleritis. Ocular involvement was bilateral in 50% (5 patients). The mean duration between the initial symptom and the first presentation was 8.7 weeks (range: 4 days to 24 weeks). The most common ocular findings was panuveitis (6 eyes). Eight patients with early syphilis received weekly intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin G for 3 weeks whereas 2 patients with neurosyphilis were treated with intravenous ceftriaxone 1 gm twice a day for 14 days. Signs and symptoms of majority of patients improved with systemic therapy for syphilis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Syphilitic uveitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of any form of ocular inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genitourinary medicine consultant workforce in England 2023 - establishing the true numbers.","authors":"Jackie Sherrard, Clare Shanks, Elzabeth Foley","doi":"10.1177/09564624231208238","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624231208238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Workforce planning of future requirements depends on accurate data and the GUM consultant and trainee workforce is reviewed annually by Health Education England (HEE) and the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) to make recommendations for specialty training numbers. A deep dive exercise in 2017 undertaken with HEE revealed that the headcount was reasonably accurate but there was much less certainty around the whole-time equivalent (WTE). The aim of this study was to triangulate the multiple sources of data regarding Consultants in the specialty, to identify and complete the gaps in data.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41235247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mass treatment on the long-term prevalence of gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis-a systematic review.","authors":"Thibaut Vanbaelen, Sheeba S Manoharan-Basil, Chris Kenyon","doi":"10.1177/09564624241239994","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624241239994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Selective mass treatment of STIs may lead to a durable reduction in the prevalence of STIs or a temporary reduction associated with an increased probability of antimicrobial resistance emerging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for studies evaluating the impact of mass STI treatment on the long-term prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and chancroid. The primary outcomes were the long term (≥3 months post the intervention) impact of the intervention on prevalence/incidence of the STI and on antimicrobial resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our search yielded 269 studies, of which 4 met the inclusion criteria. With the exception of the Carletonville study, where this was not assessed, three of the four studies found that intensive STI treatment was associated with a reduced prevalence of the targeted STI during or immediately after the intervention. In all four studies, there was no evidence that the intense treatment had a long-term effect on prevalence. In the only study where this was assessed, the intensive use of penicillin to reduce gonococcal prevalence was associated with the emergence of reduced susceptibility to penicillin in <i>N. gonorrhoeae.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The available evidence suggests that mass treatment of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis in high prevalence populations is only associated with a temporary reduction in the prevalence of these infections and may select for antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slovenia's national HIV PrEP programme: Evaluation of real-world implementation.","authors":"Jerca Ambrožič, Peter Adamič, Janez Tomažič","doi":"10.1177/09564624241233792","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624241233792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of our study was to evaluate real-world implementation of Slovenia's national HIV PrEP programme, which is fully covered by our national health insurance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In retrospective cohort study we analysed the data from all men who have sex with men (MSM) who were enrolled in PrEP programme of our clinic between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 190 MSM with an average age of 36.7 years were included in our analysis. 151 (79.5%) decided for event-driven PrEP and 39 (20.5%) opted for daily PrEP. Self-reported adherence was 95%. Among eligibility criteria, unprotected sex was the most common one, followed by one or more STIs in the past, use of chemsex and use of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in the past. No new cases of HIV infection and no significant deterioration of kidney or liver function were observed during the follow-up. Sixty-seven episodes of STIs were diagnosed and treated. Gonorrhea (32), chlamydia (14), and Mpox (10) were the most common ones.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PrEP was successfully implemented into everyday clinical practice, proving to be both safe and effective. High number of diagnosed STIs suggests that the PrEP programme, combined with STI screening and vaccination, provides a strong public health impact among MSM in Slovenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139912601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 epidemiology and performance of the WHO clinical algorithm to diagnose COVID-19 in people with HIV from Ukraine.","authors":"Marta Vasylyev, Vira Buhiichyk, Nadiia Buhiichyck, Albert Groenendijk, Iryna Ben, Lesya Ostapiuk, Maryana Sluzhynska, Wouter F W Bierman, Jeroen J A van Kampen, Ferdinand W N M Wit, Peter Reiss, Bart J A Rijnders, Oleksandra Sluzhynska, Casper Rokx","doi":"10.1177/09564624241231016","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624241231016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The two main objectives were to evaluate the COVID-19 point prevalence and the test performance of the WHO case definition to diagnose COVID-19 clinically in people with HIV in West Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multicenter cross-sectional study in Lviv, Ukraine, from October 2020-November 2021. COVID-19 unvaccinated people with HIV were included regardless of COVID-19 symptoms at routine clinical visits and had standardized medical, quality of life (EQ(5D)) and SARS-CoV-2 serology assessments. Reported symptoms indicating potential COVID-19 events at inclusion or between March 2020 and inclusion were classified by the WHO case definition as suspected, probable or confirmed. A clinical COVID-19 case was defined as being SARS-CoV-2 seropositive with at least a suspected COVID-19 according to the WHO case definition. The primary endpoints were the clinical COVID-19 prevalence and the test characteristics of the WHO case definition with SARS-CoV-2 serology as reference. (Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04711954).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 971 included people with HIV were median 40 years, 38.8% women, 44.8% had prior AIDS, and 55.6% had comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 40.1% (95%CI:37.0-43.1) and 20.5% (95%CI:18.0-23.1) had clinical COVID-19 median 4 months (IQR:2-7) before inclusion. Clinical COVID-19 occurred less frequently in people with HIV with tuberculosis history, injecting drug use, CD4+ T-cells <200/mL and unemployment. The quality of life was not impacted after COVID-19. An at least probable COVID-19 classification by the WHO case definition had 44.1% sensitivity (95%CI:38.7-49.7), 85.2% specificity (95%CI:81.5-88.4), 66.6% positive predictive value (95%CI:59.8-73.0) and 69.5% negative predictive value (95%CI:65.5-73.3) to diagnose COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 unvaccinated people with HIV from Ukraine had a significant COVID-19 rate and using the WHO case definition had insufficient diagnostic accuracy to diagnose these cases. The lower burden in vulnerable people with HIV was unexpected but might reflect a shielding effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}