International Journal of STD & AIDS最新文献

{"title":"Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance determinants among publicly available <i>M</i><i>ycoplasma genitalium</i> genomes: a comparative phylogenomic analysis.","authors":"Raul Cetatean, Claudio Foschi, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Simone Ambretti","doi":"10.1177/09564624261498927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261498927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is increasingly challenging the clinical management of <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> infections. This study aimed to characterize the genomic diversity, population structure, molecular typing profiles, and distribution of antimicrobial resistance-associated determinants among publicly available <i>M. genitalium</i> genomes.MethodsAll 64 <i>M. genitalium</i> genomes publicly available in NCBI and PubMLST at the time of data collection were included. Genomes were characterized by <i>mgpB</i> and MG309 molecular typing and screened for mutations associated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated using a recombination-filtered core-genome alignment, and molecular typing and antimicrobial resistance profiles were mapped onto the resulting maximum-likelihood phylogeny.ResultsSubstantial molecular diversity was observed, with 29 <i>mgpB</i> and 21 MG309 types identified. Macrolide resistance-associated 23S rRNA mutations were detected in 34/64 (53%) genomes. The fluoroquinolone resistance-associated ParC substitutions S83I and S83 R were detected in 14 (22%) and one genome, respectively. Relevant GyrA substitutions were less frequent and occurred exclusively in genomes also carrying ParC S83I. Overall, 15/64 (23%) genomes exhibited a dual-resistance genotype, whereas 19/64 (30%) carried macrolide resistance-associated mutations without concomitant fluoroquinolone resistance markers. Resistance-associated genotypes occurred across multiple phylogenetically distinct genomic backgrounds, while clusters of closely related isolates sharing molecular typing and resistance profiles were also identified. Conventional <i>mgpB</i> and MG309 typing did not consistently recapitulate whole-genome phylogenetic relationships.ConclusionsThese findings reveal substantial genomic diversity and a high frequency of resistance-associated determinants among publicly available <i>M. genitalium</i> genomes, supporting the expansion of geographically representative genomic surveillance to monitor the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261498927"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-1 diagnosis during pre-exposure prophylaxis: A case report.","authors":"Leonel Cruces, Lucia Baquero, José Angel Enrique Barletta, Gabriela Turk, Natalia Laufer","doi":"10.1177/09564624261495346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261495346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of HIV diagnosis in a 36-year-old man who has sex with men receiving daily oral PrEP (emtricitabine/tenofovir) in Argentina, where viral load or HIV PCR testing is not routinely available before or during prophylaxis. In 2022, PrEP was initiated after a diagnosis of primary syphilis, with a non-reactive fourth-generation HIV test performed 13 days earlier (outside the recommended window), so very early infection already present at initiation cannot be excluded. Self-reported adherence was >95%. Serology was negative at day 23 and became reactive at day 73, with an indeterminate Western blot (gp120 only), undetectable plasma HIV-RNA and preserved lymphocyte counts; dolutegravir was added to complete antiretroviral treatment. Standard diagnostic algorithms were initially inconclusive, and confirmation required approaches beyond routine practice: HIV-1 RNA was detected only after ultracentrifugation of 14 mL of plasma (55 copies), and low-level proviral HIV-1 DNA was identified after analysis of an extensive number of cells; Nef- and p24-specific T-cell responses were also detected. No resistance-associated mutations were found on proviral DNA (integrase region). The Western blot eventually became positive at day 382, while a rapid immunochromatographic assay remained negative at 34 months. Atypical presentations of this kind have been reported under oral TDF/FTC PrEP and were subsequently characterized as long-acting early viral inhibition (LEVI) syndrome, predominantly in the context of long-acting cabotegravir. The present case illustrates the extent of non-routine investigation required to confirm HIV acquisition, and the challenges this poses in settings where oral PrEP is the only available option and HIV-1 RNA PCR cannot be routinely deployed. PrEP should be initiated promptly following a negative HIV test performed on the same day, or as close as possible to PrEP initiation, particularly when recent exposure is possible. HIV testing should be repeated sequentially after initiation, and discordant results should prompt continued serological and molecular evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261495346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception and practice of herbal medicine use among people living with HIV in Bushenyi health Centre IV, Western Uganda.","authors":"Patience Namitala, Dominic Ngabirano, Peter Mworozi, Habibunnisa Syed, Saeed A Al-Qahtani, Mohammad Jaffar Sadiq Mantargi, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke, Alrazi Eisa Shogar, Tadele Mekuriya Yadesa, Narayana Goruntla","doi":"10.1177/09564624261495330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261495330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundHerb-drug interactions can affect the outcomes of antiretroviral regimens among people living with HIV. Our study aimed to assess perceptions and practices regarding herbal medicine use among people living with HIV attending Bushenyi Health Center IV in Western Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, interview-based survey in September 2025 using a pre-validated questionnaire to assess their perceptions and practices of herbal medicine. Participants who were aged more than 18 years, of both genders, on antiretrovial therapy, and who consented to participate were enrolled. Herbal medicine use was defined as the current use of herbal medicine alongside ART. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to identify associations with herbal medicine use.ResultsAmong 375 participants, 108 (29%) were concurrently using herbal medicine with ART. Ginger (21%) and garlic (27%) are the commonly consumed herbal products. General health (75%) and boosting immunity (22%) were common reasons for taking herbal medicine. Sixty five (60%) of herbal medicine users did not disclose their use of herbal medicine to their healthcare providers. Low perceived concern (vs. high; AOR = 2.77; 95% CI 1.13-6.82) was positively associated, while low perceived benefit (vs. high; AOR = 0.06; 95% CI 0.02-0.25) was negatively associated with herbal medicine use. Presence of comorbidities, opportunistic infections, experience of side effects of antiretroviral therapy, and non-antiretroviral therapy medication use were significantly associated with herbal medicine use in unadjusted analysis.ConclusionOur study findings underscore the need for open patient-provider communication through co-designed, participatory education models to engage both people living with HIV and healthcare providers in promoting the safe use of herbal medicines alongside antiretroviral therapy. These models address the disclosure gaps and reduce the risk of potential herb-drug interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261495330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for HIV care continuity during droughts and floods with key populations living with HIV in Kampala, Uganda: Qualitative insights.","authors":"Carmen H Logie, Moses Okumu, Bay Bahri, Frannie MacKenzie, Gerald Pande, Brenda Katisi, Aidah Nakitende, Peter Kyambadde, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Lesley Gittings, Caetano Dorea, Paul Bukuluki, Julien Brisson","doi":"10.1177/09564624261496937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261496937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundClimate change and extreme weather events increasingly threaten HIV care continuity, yet evidence centering the lived experiences of key populations living with HIV remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, this qualitative study elicited recommendations for strengthening HIV service delivery during droughts and floods with young men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) living with HIV in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsThis community-based qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of young people (aged 18-24) living with HIV (8 MSM, 8 FSW) and 20 key informants from community leadership, climate, and HIV sectors from May-July 2024. Data were analyzed using framework thematic analysis and organized across institutional, community, and household level strategies.ResultsThe 36 participants included 16 people living with HIV (8 MSM, 8 FSW; median age 23.5) and 20 key informants (7 women, 13 men) representing community leadership (<i>n</i> = 4), climate and environmental issues (<i>n</i> = 8), and HIV expertise (<i>n</i> = 8). Participants identified multi-level and interconnected strategies to sustain HIV care during droughts and floods. Institutional-level recommendations included decentralizing and mobilizing antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery, expanding multi-month dispensing, maintaining emergency drug buffers, integrating nutritional support to address food insecurity, and equipping frontline workers for adverse weather conditions. Community-level strategies emphasized livelihood and savings initiatives, environmental management, infrastructure improvements, peer support networks, and targeted outreach during weather-related disruptions. Household-level strategies included strengthening food and water security, diversifying income sources, planning ahead for treatment continuity, and using practical transport solutions, such as bicycles, to overcome flood-related barriers.ConclusionsSustaining HIV care during weather-related disruptions requires coordinated responses that extend beyond the health sector. Climate-resilient HIV programmes should integrate service delivery adaptations with social protection, livelihood support, infrastructure investments, and community-led interventions to enable uninterrupted HIV care for young Ugandan key populations with HIV in climate-affected settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261496937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Performance and usability of a novel molecular point-of-care assay for <i>C</i><i>hlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> detection.","authors":"Francesca Vasquez, Jacklynn Okereke, Silver K Vargas, Kelika A Konda, E Michael Reyes-Diaz, Najla Refat, Magnus Unemo, Jeffrey D Klausner, Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz","doi":"10.1177/09564624261496936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261496936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundFew studies have evaluated the field performance of novel point-of-care molecular assays for <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. We aimed to assess the performance, feasibility and acceptability of the prototype OraSure CT/NG assay (InteliQuick, OraSure Technologies Inc., USA) among clinics in Peru.MethodsBetween May and June 2025, we recruited men and women from three clinics in Lima. Participants self-collected rectal and vaginal or penile meatal swabs and provided urine samples, while clinic staff collected pharyngeal swabs. We compared results of the prototype OraSure CT/NG assay with reference testing using the Xpert CT/NG assay (Cepheid, USA) on rectal, pharyngeal, and vaginal swabs as well as male urine, and the Aptima Combo 2 CT/NG assay (Hologic, USA) on penile meatal swabs and male urine. We applied an intention-to-diagnose framework, calculating explanatory scientific accuracy, which permits repeat testing on invalid specimens, and pragmatic application accuracy which classifies invalid results as false positives or negatives. We calculated the positive (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) for each anatomic site and used closed-ended surveys to assess acceptability and feasibility among laboratory personnel.ResultsWe enrolled 157 participants. Of 470 specimens tested by the OraSure CT/NG assay, 92.3% yielded a valid result on the first attempt (99.1% after repeated testing). Among symptomatic participants, PPA for <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> was 100.0% (penile meatal), 72.7% (pharyngeal), and 69.2% (rectal), while for <i>C. trachomatis</i> the PPA was 50.0% (penile meatal), 33.3% (pharyngeal), and 85.7% (rectal). NPA remained >90% across all sites. Seven of eight clinic laboratory personnel rated the assay as easy to use and compatible with existing clinic workflows.ConclusionsThe OraSure CT/NG assay showed consistently high NPA and was acceptable to users, while the PPA varied by pathogen and specimen type.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261496936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is \"Chemsex\" always the right term for what's happening among men who have sex with men? The U.S. context and international implications.","authors":"Christian Grov, Alexa B D'Angelo, Adam W Carrico","doi":"10.1177/09564624261495356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261495356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261495356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal dual rapid HIV-syphilis screening in women's health clinics in a resource-limited setting (Guatamala): A feasibility and detection study.","authors":"Christina Cortes, Rachel Hauschel, Sahana Kodali, Jimena Balderas, Twyla Brack, Robin Beach, Philip Johnson, Irene Stafford","doi":"10.1177/09564624261494989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624261494989","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"9564624261494989"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, impact and management of chronic pain in black women with HIV.","authors":"Tamzin Hull, Isaac Marsden-Loftus, Birgit Barbini, Lucy Campbell, Michael Evangeli, Whitney Scott, Frank A Post","doi":"10.1177/09564624261478291","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261478291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1189-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint British association for sexual health and HIV/British HIV association guidelines for the sexual and reproductive health of people with HIV 2026.","authors":"Laura Waters, Emily Lord, Nicola Mackie, Jane Ashby, Chitra Babu, Tristan J Barber, Rageshri Dhairyawan, Adam Freedman, Jessica Gaddie, Yvonne Gilleece, Carole Gilling-Smith, Sharon Jay, Deirdre Lyons, Margaret Kingston, Pank Sethi, Alison Wright, Tara Suchak, Shema Tariq, Michael Yates","doi":"10.1177/09564624261453171","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261453171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>These guidelines are an update to the 2008 UK guidelines for the management of sexual and reproductive health of people living with HIV. The writing group has followed updated British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guideline methodology, notably using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system for assessing evidence and making recommendations. We have made significant changes to the recommendations which are summarised below.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1130-1161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From chemsex to a broader drug-use for sex landscape: Comparing two cross-sectional surveys on men who have sex with men in Italy.","authors":"Maria Gabriella Donà, Mauro Zaccarelli, Laura Gianserra, Christof Stingone, Eugenia Giuliani, Francesca Di Tullio, Massimo Giuliani, Alessandra Latini","doi":"10.1177/09564624261467991","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09564624261467991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDrug-use in sexual settings among men who have sex with men (MSM) is increasing across Europe and is a key driver of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Chemsex is evolving with increasing use of new psychoactive substances and diversification of context, shifting from private homes to diverse settings. Our aim was to assess changes in drug-use for sex among MSM who attended our STI/HIV reference center in two different periods over the last 8 years.MethodsWe compared two cross-sectional surveys conducted at the STI/HIV center of the San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (Rome, Italy) in 2018 (using paper-based, self-administered questionnaires) and 2024-2025 (using online self-administered questionnaires). The main outcome was the self-reported sexualized drug-use and chemsex (i.e., use of any of the three classic \"chems\": crystal methamphetamine, mephedrone, and GHB/GBL) in the previous year. Proportions were compared using Fisher's exact test or chi-square test, as appropriate.ResultsThe surveys included 354 MSM in 2018 and 331 MSM in 2024-2025. Overall, chemsex significantly increased from 5.1% in 2018 to 19.0% in 2024-2025 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), both among MSM living with HIV (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and MSM not living with HIV (<i>p</i> = 0.0005). A significant increase was observed in the use of crystal meth (2.3% vs 8.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.0005), mephedrone (4.0% vs 9.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and GHB/GBL (3.4% vs 16.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Synthetic cathinones (from 0 to 2.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and cannabinoids (from 0 to 0.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.112) emerged as new substances reported only in the most recent survey.ConclusionsIn our setting, drug-use for sex increased over time among MSM, with expansion of chemsex and diversification of substances. This behavioral change may increase STI/HIV transmission. Public health & STI/HIV services should update screening, counselling and harm reduction strategies to address these evolving patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":14408,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of STD & AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"1176-1180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}