{"title":"Comment on \"Artificial Intelligence in melanoma research: a bibliometric analysis\".","authors":"Hongfang Zheng, Yixiao Lu","doi":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005078","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14401,"journal":{"name":"International journal of surgery","volume":"112 7","pages":"13292-13294"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Bernardi, Gaëtan-Romain Joliat, Tobias Zingg, Ismail Labgaa
{"title":"Reply to the commentary on \"The burden of unwanted e-mails in academic surgery: a cross-sectional study\".","authors":"Lorenzo Bernardi, Gaëtan-Romain Joliat, Tobias Zingg, Ismail Labgaa","doi":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005152","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14401,"journal":{"name":"International journal of surgery","volume":"112 7","pages":"13320-13321"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis integrating the Global Burden of Disease 2021 and Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Zhaowei Sun, Junzhe Su, Qinlei Wang, Haoran Li, Jingyun Guo, Jingru Zhang, Zelin Wang, Yanfeng Liu, Bingyuan Zhang, Yujie Feng","doi":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005043","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC) imposes a growing global public health burden, with significant socioeconomic disparities. We assessed trends from 1990 to 2021, quantified inequalities, projected future burden, and evaluated the causal role of high body mass index (BMI) using Mendelian randomization (MR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, we analyzed global/regional/national incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for GBTC. We decomposed drivers of burden changes, quantified cross-country inequalities with slope index of inequality, concentration index, projected trends to 2050 via Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling, and conducted two-sample MR to test BMI-GBTC causality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Global GBTC prevalent cases increased by 142% (1990-2021), while age-standardized rates (ASRs) rose modestly (incidence EAPC = 0.97; mortality EAPC = 0.47). Burden was highest in high-socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, but low-SDI regions exhibited rising mortality and DALYs. Decomposition identified population growth as the primary burden driver across all SDI strata. Inequality analysis revealed persistent yet narrowing disparities. Projections indicated declining ASRs but rising absolute cases (+30% by 2050). MR confirmed a causal effect of elevated BMI on GBTC risk (OR = 1.0005 per unit BMI; 95% CI: 1.0000-1.0010; <i>P</i> = 0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GBTC burden growth is predominantly fueled by demographic forces, with worsening trends in resource-limited regions. The causal link between high BMI and GBTC underscores the need for targeted obesity interventions. Equitable prevention strategies and improved healthcare access are critical to mitigate disparities, particularly in low-SDI settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14401,"journal":{"name":"International journal of surgery","volume":"112 6","pages":"12687-12701"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arkeliana Tase, Fahad M Iqbal, Alan Askari, Matthew J Lee, Marianne Hollyman, Roxanna Zakeri, Dimitri J Pournaras, Omar Al-Taan, Aruna Munasinghe, Gurch Randhawa, Mohamed Aly
{"title":"Unplanned interventions following bariatric surgery: first cohort outcomes from the National Emergency Bariatric Surgery Audit (NEBSA).","authors":"Arkeliana Tase, Fahad M Iqbal, Alan Askari, Matthew J Lee, Marianne Hollyman, Roxanna Zakeri, Dimitri J Pournaras, Omar Al-Taan, Aruna Munasinghe, Gurch Randhawa, Mohamed Aly","doi":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005096","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the increasing volume of bariatric surgery, patterns of management following complications are poorly characterized in national datasets. We present the UK data collected by the National Emergency Bariatric Surgery Audit on patient characteristics following treatment for bariatric surgery complications, concentrating on 30-day mortality, complication severity, threshold for intensive care unit (ITU)/ high dependency unit (HDU) care, and postoperative follow-up. These data seek to inform the design of new clinical studies, support service development, and address surgical training requirements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, multi-center audit was conducted across UK hospitals from October 2023 to March 2025. Adults presenting with bariatric surgery-related complications requiring urgent intervention were included. Demographics, index procedures, presentation details, and outcomes were collected using a standardized electronic tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 187 patients were included. The median age was 43 years, and 85.6% were female. The most common index procedures were sleeve gastrectomy (25.7%) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (31%). A total of 34.8% of patients had undergone surgery abroad. Emergency department attendance accounted for 72.2% of presentations. Emergency surgery was needed in 86.1% of cases, with two recorded deaths (0.8%). Additionally, 14% of patients were admitted to ITU. Follow-up was arranged for 73.3% of patients. Variation was noted in follow-up plans and the threshold for ITU/HDU care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emergency bariatric surgery is a distinct and growing domain within acute surgical practice. This study highlights the urgent need for standardization of treatment pathways, targeted investment, training, and national collaboration to improve outcomes in the emergency treatment of bariatric complications. The data from this cohort can provide a stepping stone to better understanding the service, training, research, and funding needs of complex bariatric emergency services.</p>","PeriodicalId":14401,"journal":{"name":"International journal of surgery","volume":"112 6","pages":"12588-12595"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weixin Zhang, Francisco Lopez, Mei Wan, Junying Zheng, Russell Wesson, Zhaoli Sun, Xu Cao
{"title":"Mobilizing stem cells and inhibition of autoimmunity synergistically modify autoimmune disease to relieve pain: a potential MRG-001 therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Weixin Zhang, Francisco Lopez, Mei Wan, Junying Zheng, Russell Wesson, Zhaoli Sun, Xu Cao","doi":"10.1097/js9.0000000000005353","DOIUrl":"10.1097/js9.0000000000005353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, bone erosion, cartilage destruction, and debilitating pain. Current therapies often fall short in preventing structural damage and restoring immune balance. To address these limitations, we evaluated MRG-001 - a fixed-dose combination of plerixafor (AMD3100) and low-dose tacrolimus (FK506) with reported immunoregulatory and regenerative potential - in preclinical models of RA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The therapeutic efficacy of MRG-001 was assessed in collagen-induced arthritis and collagen antibody-induced arthritis mouse models. Mice received subcutaneous MRG-001, and clinical, histological, molecular, and behavioral endpoints were evaluated to examine inflammation, immune modulation, bone integrity, angiogenesis, and pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MRG-001 treatment significantly reduced joint swelling, arthritis scores, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17a) in both models. It was associated with mobilization of CD45<sup>-</sup>Sca1<sup>+</sup>CD29<sup>+</sup> mesenchymal stem cells, increased CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells, and reduced CD4<sup>+</sup>RORγt<sup>+</sup> Th17 cells in peripheral blood. MRG-001 preserved cartilage integrity was associated with reduced osteoclast-mediated bone erosion, and improved trabecular bone structure. It was associated with reduced fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation, lower TGF-β signaling activity, and decreased RANKL expression in joint tissues. Additionally, MRG-001 was associated with reduced pathological angiogenesis (CD31<sup>+</sup>EMCN<sup>+</sup> vessels) and sensory nerve innervation (PGP9.5<sup>+</sup>, CGRP<sup>+</sup> fibers), corresponding with improved pain-like behaviors and physical function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MRG-001 exerts broad therapeutic effects in RA by modulating immune responses, preserving joint architecture, and alleviating pain. These findings support its potential as a novel, multi-modal disease-modifying therapy for RA and warrant further clinical investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14401,"journal":{"name":"International journal of surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extracapsular dissection versus superficial parotidectomy: real-world comparison of postoperative complications and facial nerve injury.","authors":"Yi-Chan Lee, Cheng-Ming Luo, Li-Jen Hsin, Yao-Te Tsai, Rodney Cheng-En Hsieh, Tsung-You Tsai, Shiow-Ing Wang","doi":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005383","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Superficial parotidectomy (SP), involving routine facial nerve (FN) dissection, is the standard approach for benign superficial parotid tumors. Extracapsular dissection (ECD) offers a less invasive alternative by avoiding formal FN identification, but large-scale comparative data remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare postoperative complication rates between ECD and SP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study used the TriNetX database to identify adults with benign superficial parotid tumors who underwent ECD or SP. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline covariates. Primary outcomes within 30 days included overall FN injury, surgical site infection, wound disruption, postoperative bleeding, and salivary fistula. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, hospital admission, and emergency department visits within 30 days. Facial reanimation procedures were assessed at 180 days, and at 1, 3, and 5 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PSM yielded 1839 patients per group. ECD was associated with a significantly lower 30-day FN injury risk than SP (HR: 0.458; 95% CI: 0.273-0.768). No significant differences were observed for surgical site infection (HR: 0.674; 95% CI: 0.325-1.399), wound disruption (HR: 1.521; 95% CI: 0.541-4.273), postoperative bleeding (HR: 0.905; 95% CI: 0.471-1.742), salivary fistula (HR: 0.338; 95% CI: 0.068-1.676), all-cause mortality (HR: 1.014; 95% CI: 0.063-16.21), hospital admission (HR: 0.931; 95% CI: 0.684-1.267), or emergency department visits (HR: 1.259; 95% CI: 0.888-1.784). Facial reanimation rates were comparable at all time points.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large, real-world cohort, ECD significantly reduced the early risk of FN injury compared with SP, without increasing other short-term complications or long-term facial reanimation rates. These findings support ECD as a favorable option for selected patients with benign superficial parotid tumors following shared decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":14401,"journal":{"name":"International journal of surgery","volume":"112 6","pages":"12769-12777"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanhe Liu, Yiqi Wang, Shubin Peng, Jianli Wang, Diansheng Cui, Kangli Deng, Lei Huang, Neng An, Liqun Duan, Shaozhong Wei
{"title":"<i>RUNX3+</i> basal-like malignant cells: architects of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in bladder cancer: a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.","authors":"Sanhe Liu, Yiqi Wang, Shubin Peng, Jianli Wang, Diansheng Cui, Kangli Deng, Lei Huang, Neng An, Liqun Duan, Shaozhong Wei","doi":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005103","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current single-cell and spatial transcriptomic studies on bladder cancer tissue samples are limited, highlighting the need for advanced molecular and single-cell approaches to enhance our understanding of these complexities and identify reliable prognostic indicators.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We integrated and analyzed five publicly available single-cell RNA-seq datasets, totaling over 530 000 cells from 62 bladder cancer and normal samples, conducting comprehensive analyses that were validated using single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomic datasets. Additionally, spatial transcriptomics findings were confirmed through RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our integrated single-cell analysis uncovered stage-dependent heterogeneity in bladder cancer, with malignant epithelial cells exhibiting dynamic trajectories and enrichment in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. A distinct subcluster of malignant epithelial cells characterized by the highest basal score (C8) was identified; this subpopulation appears to be specifically regulated by <i>RUNX3</i>, is associated with poorer prognosis, and predominantly interacts with exhausted CD8 T cells, <i>IL7R</i>+ naïve T cells, and <i>FCN1</i>+ monocytes via the <i>MIF</i>-<i>CD74</i> signaling pathway. Elevated pathway activity scores for both the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and <i>MIF</i>-<i>CD74</i> pathways were observed in single-nuclei and spatial tumor tissues, with notable colocalization of key markers mainly within bladder cancer regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates that <i>RUNX3</i>+ basal-like malignant epithelial cells, along with other immunosuppressive cell subtypes, their interactions, and pathway signatures, hold promise as prognostic biomarkers. These insights may facilitate the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for bladder cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14401,"journal":{"name":"International journal of surgery","volume":"112 7","pages":"13034-13048"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erector spinae plane block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: cutting pain, not just gallbladder (systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials).","authors":"Serge Chooklin, Serhii Chuklin","doi":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000004985","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000004985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for gallstone disease, but postoperative pain remains a challenge. Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has emerged as a promising regional anesthesia technique; however, its comparative efficacy versus established methods such as transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB), port-site infiltration (PSI), or no block (NB) is not fully clarified.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This meta-analysis followed PRISMA and AMSTAR guidelines. Thirty-six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2018 and 2025, including adult patients who had LC were analyzed. ESPB was compared with TAPB (12 RCTs), PSI (5 RCTs), and NB (24 RCTs) with respect to pain scores, opioid consumption, time to rescue analgesia, intraoperative fentanyl use, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Fixed- or random-effects models were used according to heterogeneity (<i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> threshold 50%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ESPB significantly reduced postoperative pain at rest and on movement compared with NB at all time points, with the greatest effect observed at 1-2 hours (MD: -1.82; <i>P</i> < 0.00001). Compared with TAPB, ESPB yielded lower resting pain at 1-2 and 6 hours, with modest differences at 12 and 24 hours. ESPB also demonstrated superiority over PSI at 12 hours but not at earlier or later intervals. Opioid consumption within 24 hours was markedly lower in the ESPB group (reductions of approximately 1.98-5.33 mg morphine equivalents), and time to first rescue analgesia was prolonged by 117-214 minutes depending on the comparator. ESPB further reduced intraoperative fentanyl use and significantly decreased PONV incidence versus TAPB, PSI, and NB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ESPB provides superior analgesia with reduced opioid consumption after LC, with additional benefits of prolonged pain relief and lower PONV rates. It should be considered an effective component of multimodal pain management in this setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":14401,"journal":{"name":"International journal of surgery","volume":"112 6","pages":"12880-12902"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on \"Intra- and early postoperative predictors of delirium risk in cardiac surgery: results from the prospective observational FINDERI study\".","authors":"Qinghua Wan, Xinlin Chen","doi":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005003","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14401,"journal":{"name":"International journal of surgery","volume":"112 6","pages":"12956-12957"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COMMD9-regulated endothelial cell abnormality-induced hypercoagulability is associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome.","authors":"Hairun Gan, Jia Li, Xiaodi Zheng, Xinyan Hu, Leye Yan, Bing Li, Luting Li, Bin Zhou, Maoheng Zu, Ni Zhao, Jianan He, Huijie Wang, Meihua Tan, Wei Li, Si Zhou, Jiangguo Zhang, Shuai Li, Sihu Xu, Lijian Zhao, Xiaolong Qi, Jing Zhang, Hao Xu, Pengfei Pang","doi":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005092","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JS9.0000000000005092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) presents diagnostic and treatment challenges owing to its insidious onset. Genetic variants associated with BCS vary geographically; in Asian populations, the condition is primarily caused by membranous obstruction composed of endothelial cells (ECs). A better understanding of the genetic pathogenesis of membranous BCS may offer new insights into disease mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed whole-exome sequencing to identify candidate genes responsible for EC abnormalities in 485 patients with membranous BCS and 329 patients with vascular malformations (VaMs). Functional investigations were conducted to validate the selected genes <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole-exome data revealed that the frequency of variants in the vascular function-related <i>KLHDC2</i> exceeded that of <i>JAK2</i> in BCS. Knockdown of <i>KLHDC2</i> promoted adhesion and suppressed proliferation of ECs. In addition, 92 genes enriched for rare variants overlapped between BCS and VaMs. Systems biology analysis revealed two gene clusters, including <i>COMMD9</i>, enriched in proteins intolerant to loss-of-function mutations. Furthermore, suppression of <i>COMMD9</i> impaired EC migration and tube formation, inhibited subintestinal angiogenic sprouting in zebrafish, and elevated EC adhesion. Transcriptomic analysis linked <i>COMMD9</i> to EC abnormalities via the PI3K-Akt pathway. <i>Commd9</i> knockdown promoted venous hypercoagulability <i>in vivo</i> following drug or ligation-induced stenosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that multiple rare genetic variants, particularly in <i>COMMD9</i>, are involved in the development of membranous BCS by regulating hypercoagulability induced by EC abnormalities. These findings may help guide future clinical research towards improved understanding and treatment of BCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14401,"journal":{"name":"International journal of surgery","volume":"112 6","pages":"12728-12741"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}