International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Altered inflammatory and coagulation markers in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss: A case-control study.","authors":"Fatemeh Bakhshipour, Mehdi Torabizadeh, Mohammad Ali Jalali Far, Farideh Moramezi, Najmaldin Saki","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21117","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common pregnancy complication that significantly influences the lives of many couples worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that RPL may be associated with coagulation and inflammatory factors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between calprotectin levels and coagulation disorders in women with RPL.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this case-control study, a total of 100 women aged between 18 and 45 yr who had been admitted to Golestan hospital, Ahvaz, Iran from February 2024 to January 2025 enrolled. Participants were divided into 2 groups: women with RPL as the case group (n = 50), and women with no history of infertility or miscarriage as the control group (n = 50). Blood samples collected, and levels of protein C, protein S, and calprotectin measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chromogenic assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Protein S levels were significantly lower in the RPL group compared to controls (p = 0.03), whereas protein C and calprotectin levels did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (p = 0.14, 0.17). Altered hematological parameters, including a higher prevalence of anemia, were noted in RPL cases. Logistic regression indicated that reduced protein S levels were associated with a 4.38-fold increased risk of RPL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reinforces the role of protein S deficiency in RPL, suggesting that even modest reductions may predispose placental thrombosis and fetal loss. Although protein C and calprotectin levels did not differ significantly, the results underscore the importance of evaluating both coagulation profiles and inflammatory markers in RPL.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"245-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological consequences of spiritual health in childbearing and population rejuvenation: A letter to the editor.","authors":"Zohreh Rahaei, Saeideh Rastjoo, Maryam Ghavami","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21119","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"265-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum amyloid A as a diagnostic marker for histologic chorioamnionitis in preterm premature rupture of membranes: A diagnostic accuracy study.","authors":"Azam Faraji, Mitra Mehraban, Maryam Kasraeian, Mojgan Akbarzadeh-Jahromi, Homeira Vafaei, Nasrin Asadi, Zahra Oveisi, Marzieh Kasraie, Marjan Zare","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21115","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chorioamnionitis is an acute inflammation of the fetal membrane in mothers with preterm premature rupture of the membrane (PPROM). The diagnosis of chorioamnionitis is based on clinical findings; however, laboratory tests may help diagnose the disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>It aimed to evaluate the accuracy of maternal serum-amyloid A (SAA) protein levels in diagnosing histopathologic chorioamnionitis following PPROM mothers; secondarily, it assessed their accuracy for diagnosing clinical chorioamnionitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this diagnostic accuracy study, 94 PPROM pregnancies, referred to Namazi, Hafez, and Zeinabiyeh hospitals, Shiraz, Iran, from March 2022 to March 2023 were followed. All placentas were examined for histopathological evidence of chorioamnionitis, and participants were classified into 2 pathologic chorioamnionitis and normal placenta groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 94 participants, 50 (43.20%) were pathologically diagnosed with chorioamnionitis as pathologic chorioamnionitis group, and the remaining 44 (46.80%) belonged to control \"normal placenta group\". In addition, 50% (25/50) of women with pathological chorioamnionitis were clinically diagnosed with chorioamnionitis as clinic chorioamnionitis group, and the remaining 50% (25/50) with no clinical signs of chorioamnionitis belonged to their control. Pathologic at-delivery SAA were more in the pathologic chorioamnionitis group compared with normal placenta group; adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval); 15.20 (2.62-88.20); the area under curve values (cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy) were 0.83 ( <math><mo>></mo></math> 0.54 mg/dl, 95%, 70%, 86%, 88%, and 84%) for pathologic at-delivery SAA. However, clinic at-delivery SAA did not significantly change between clinic chorioamnionitis group and not having clinic chorioamnionitis. A no-clinic chorioamnionitis PPROM mother could be chorioamnionitis one by a 50% chance, even with no clinical sign.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pathologic at-delivery SAA level could be a supplementary test in PPROM mothers. At-delivery SAA serial measurements and long-term evaluation of infants born to these mothers are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"219-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel hsa_circ_0070963/miR-223-3p/ <i>CCDC96-CCDC112</i> regulatory axis as a non-invasive biomarker for predicting sperm retrieval outcomes in non-obstructive azoospermia: A case-control study.","authors":"Emad Babakhanzadeh, Ali Khodadadian, Majid Nazari, Mahya Mozhdeh, Javad Fazeli, Serajoddin Vahidi, Mohammad Hassan Jafari, Mohammadreza Dehghani, Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Nasrin Ghasemi","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21113","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a severe cause of male infertility. Testicular sperm extraction has limited success, largely due to the absence of reliable, non-invasive biomarkers to predict outcomes. Emerging evidence highlights the role of non-coding RNAs in spermatogenesis, providing promising targets for biomarker development.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the competing endogenous RNA regulatory axis <i>hsa_circ_0070963/miR-223-3p/CCDC96-CCDC112</i> as a potential biomarker for predicting microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) outcomes in NOA individuals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this case-control study, 60 men with NOA undergoing micro-TESE and 40 fertile controls were recruited. Testicular histology categorized individuals into Sertoli cell-only syndrome, hypospermatogenesis, or maturation arrest. Individuals were further stratified into NOA⁺ (successful retrieval) and NOA⁻ (failed retrieval). Plasma RNA was extracted, and expression levels of candidate genes were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings demonstrated significant downregulation of <i>CCDC96</i> and <i>CCDC112</i> in NOA plasma, particularly in NOA⁻ individuals, while hsa-miR-223-3p was upregulated, with the highest expression in NOA⁻ cases. Conversely, hsa_circ_0070963 was markedly reduced in NOA, especially in NOA⁻ individuals. Dysregulation was more pronounced in hypospermatogenesis and maturation arrest compared to Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed strong predictive accuracy, with hsa_circ_0070963 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.983) and hsa-miR-223-3p (area under the curve = 0.970) outperforming <i>CCDC96</i> and <i>CCDC112</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>hsa_circ_0070963/miR-223-3p/CCDC96-CCDC112</i> axis represents a novel competing endogenous RNAs regulatory network linked to impaired spermatogenesis. Its expression profile provides mechanistic insights and serves as a robust, non-invasive biomarker for predicting micro-TESE outcomes, supporting improved stratification and individualized treatment strategies in male infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"193-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum anti-Müllerian hormone and ovarian stimulation parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing assisted reproductive technology: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sedighe Hosseini, Saghar Salehpour, Nima Amiresmaili, Maryam Meshkat, Fahimeh Karimi","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21114","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder and a major cause of anovulatory infertility. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a marker of ovarian reserve, is often elevated in PCOS. However, its predictive value for assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes remains unclear due to nonlinear associations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum AMH levels and ART outcomes in women with PCOS undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, clinical and laboratory data of 204 infertile women with PCOS who underwent ART cycles between March 2023 and March 2025 at Taleghani hospital, Tehran, Iran, were extracted from their medical records. After excluding 32 cases, AMH of 172 women were assessed both continuously and categorically ( <math><mo><</mo></math> 2.5, 2.5-6.5, <math><mo>></mo></math> 6.5 ng/mL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum AMH was inversely correlated with gonadotropin dose (r = -0.39) and stimulation days (r = -0.98) and positively correlated with metaphase II oocyte count (r = 0.64) and embryo formation (r = 0.59) (p <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.0001 for all). Multivariable regression analysis confirmed a nonlinear, inverted-U relationship between AMH and these outcomes, with the most favorable ART. Results observed in women with mid-range AMH levels (2.5-6.5 ng/mL). In addition, outcome measures differed significantly across the 3 AMH categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AMH is a robust yet nonlinear predictor of ART response in PCOS. Mid-range levels produce the best outcomes. Stratifying by AMH may enhance personalized protocols and ART effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of coping mechanisms and depression, anxiety, and stress in women with infertility: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Saeide Rezghi, Vajihe Hazari, Reza Dastjerdi, Hamid Salehiniya","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21116","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assessing depression, anxiety, and stress levels in women with infertility, along with their coping strategies, can significantly improve their mental health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the relationship between coping mechanisms and psychological symptoms in women with infertility.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 386 Iranian women with infertility attending Rooyesh Infertility Center in Birjand, Iran, completed the coping inventory for stressful situations (Endler and Parker) and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 43% reported normal levels of depression, 40% normal anxiety, and 46% normal stress. Mean scores on the coping inventory for stressful situations were highest for problem-oriented coping (46.83 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 11.36), followed by avoidance (41.49 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 9.56) and emotion-oriented coping (40.11 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 11.29). The results showed that greater use of problem-oriented coping was associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress (p <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.01). In contrast, greater reliance on emotion-oriented coping was linked to higher depression and anxiety but lower stress (p <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001). Household income also demonstrated a significant positive relationship with depression and stress scores (p <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Problem-oriented coping significantly reduces depression, anxiety, and stress in women with infertility, whereas emotion-oriented coping increases depression and anxiety but decreases stress. Implementing targeted coping strategies can effectively manage psychological symptoms. Healthcare providers may use problem-oriented approaches for long-term psychological support and emotion-oriented strategies for short-term relief.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"231-244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometrial expression of T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains and cluster of differentiation 155: A case-control study of a novel immunomodulatory axis in endometriosis.","authors":"Reyhane Nematollahi, Morteza Samadi, Fateme Montazeri, Seyed Mehdi Kalantar, Ali Shams","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21118","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting about 10% of females in their reproductive years, characterized by endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus. Immune checkpoints play a crucial role in regulating the immune system and preserving homeostasis. T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains(<i>TIGIT</i>), a newly discovered immune checkpoint, interacts with its ligand, cluster of differentiation 155(<i>CD155</i>), to exert inhibitory effects on immune responses.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Though numerous studies have explored the immunological profile in endometriosis cases, limited information exists about the potential role of <i>TIGIT</i>/<i>CD155</i> interaction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This case-control study aimed to investigate the expression levels of <i>TIGIT</i> and <i>CD155</i> genes in ectopic and eutopic tissues of 20 women diagnosed with endometriosis by a gynecologist with laparoscopy compared to the endometrium of 20 women without endometriosis, using real-time polymerase chain reaction<i>.</i></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that both <i>TIGIT</i> and <i>CD155</i> gene expressions were significantly higher in ectopic endometrial tissues (p <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.0001). <i>CD155</i> is also upregulated in the eutopic endometrium of cases (p <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.0001). However, no significant difference in <i>TIGIT</i> expression was observed between eutopic endometrium of cases and controls (p = 0.49).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest an upregulation of the <i>TIGIT</i>/<i>CD155</i> pathway in endometriosis, indicating its potential role in the disease's pathogenesis. Further research is necessary to fully understand this signaling pathway and explore its viability as a biomarker for diagnosis and immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citrus lemon peel extract versus metformin in testosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome: An experimental study.","authors":"Ulfa Nadiya Herawati, Jimmy Yanuar Annas, Widjiati","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21112","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i3.21112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metformin is the standard therapy for metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but its gastrointestinal side effects prompt the search for alternatives. Lemon peel extract (LPE) possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties that may support PCOS management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of LPE, metformin, and their combination on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in testosterone-induced PCOS rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An experimental study was conducted on 32 females <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> (12 wk, 130-170 gr), divided into 4 groups (n = 8): untreated PCOS, PCOS + LPE at dose 500 mg/kg, PCOS + metformin at dose 200 mg/kg, and PCOS with combination LPE 500 mg/kg + metformin 200 mg/kg. PCOS was induced with testosterone propionate (10 mg/kg) for 21 days, followed by 14 days of treatment. 24 hr after the last treatment, blood samples were collected to measure TNF-α, insulin and FBG using the enzyme-linked immunoassay method. HOMA-IR was calculated from insulin and FBG levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LPE significantly reduced TNF-α, HOMA-IR, and FBG compared with the untreated PCOS rats (p <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001), no significant differences were observed when compared with metformin administration (TNF-α, p = 0.945; HOMA-IR, p = 0.554; FBG, p = 0.575). Additionally, combination therapy of LPE and metformin resulted in a greater reduction in HOMA-IR and FBG than single therapy (p <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LPE reduced TNF-α levels, HOMA-IR, and FBG in PCOS rats, with effects comparable to metformin. Interestingly, their effectiveness improves when used in combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 3","pages":"181-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13199917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha and miR-29b expression in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from endometriosis patients compared to healthy controls: A case-control study.","authors":"Javad Fazeli, Maryam Shirmohamadi, Emad Babakhanzadeh, Mahta Mazaheri-Naeini, Milad Taatnezhad, Ali Dadbinpour","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i2.21051","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i2.21051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly the roles of DNA methylation and microRNAs, are increasingly recognized in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. DNA methyltransferase 3 (<i>DNMT3</i>) alpha, an important DNA methyltransferase, and miR-29b, a known suppressor of methyltransferase expression, may play a related role in this disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze the <i>DNMT3A</i> and <i>miR-29b</i> expression in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from women with endometriosis compared to endometrial tissues from healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Endometrial tissue samples were collected from 15 women diagnosed with endometriosis (both eutopic and ectopic tissue) and 15 healthy controls during laparoscopic surgery. RNA was extracted, and the expression levels of <i>DNMT3A</i> and <i>miR-29b</i> were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as a normalization control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>DNMT3A</i> expression was significantly increased in both eutopic and ectopic tissue compared to control endometrial tissue. In contrast, <i>miR-29b</i> expression was significantly decreased in the same tissues. These inverse patterns suggest a possible regulatory relationship between <i>DNMT3A</i> and <i>miR-29b</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The altered expression of <i>DNMT3A</i> and <i>miR-29b</i> in endometriotic tissues suggests their involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. These molecules could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in endometriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 2","pages":"109-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia following assisted reproductive technology in a gestational carrier: A case report.","authors":"Samaneh Bahrami, Leila Bozorgian, Atena Ahankoub Nejad, Ali Hasan Rahmani","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i2.21055","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i2.21055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This case report presents the treatment of a gestational trophoblastic neoplasia pregnancy after in vitro fertilization (IVF). The incidence of moles in pregnancies resulting from IVF is rare, although studies show that the risk of their occurrence is not eliminated.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This report describes a 30-yr-old multiparous woman with secondary infertility and molar pregnancy after IVF. The patient had conceived with IVF treatment after 10 yr of secondary infertility. Suction and evacuation were performed under ultrasound guidance, and the patient was followed up with serial human chorionic gonadotropin hormone levels until they returned to the normal range.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Management of molar pregnancy after IVF should be essential, considering the potential maternal harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 2","pages":"157-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}