International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Attitudes toward abortion in the three Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: A narrative review.","authors":"Shahabuddin Vahidi Mehrjardi, Serajoddin Vahidi, Mahin Izadi","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i5.21287","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i5.21287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 3 Abrahamic religions, namely Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, regard the human being as the most noble and perfect being due to their monotheistic attitude and value him above all creatures. This dignity is such that even the human embryo is viewed as a complete and perfect human being. All 3 religions place a high value on unborn life generally and prohibit abortion but allow exceptions when the mother's life is in danger. In Judaism, abortion is permitted to save the mother's life based on the concept of rodef, and some scholars allow it for pregnancies resulting from adultery or potential birth defects. Catholicism uses the principle of \"double effect\" to justify abortion when necessary to save the mother. Islam prioritizes warding off harm over gaining benefits, permitting abortion only when a certain benefit to the mother outweighs the harm to the fetus. Although there is a controversy over the human embryo in the early days of its formation, all 3 religions agree on the illegitimacy of abortion in the final months of pregnancy. Perhaps the permission of abortion in the event of a risk for the mother's health to preserve her health and well-being is the most important common ground of these 3 heavenly religions. The abortion permission in other cases, such as disability, maiming, is a matter of dispute between the 3 religions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 5","pages":"383-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in men with spinal cord injury using sperm retrieved by electroejaculation and testicular sperm extraction methods: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Saeid Haghdani, Serajoddin Vahidi, Ali Sadeghi, Narges Gholami Banadkuki","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i5.21290","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i5.21290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) face fertility concerns due to various causes, such as low sperm quality and ejaculatory dysfunction. Consequently, different sperm retrieval techniques are used for these cases, including testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and electroejaculation (EE). Clinical and neonatal outcomes have been reported inconsistently between these 2 methods.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rate in men with SCI undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection using sperm obtained via EE vs. TESE.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2017 and 2023. 37 men with SCI underwent 2 different sperm retrieval techniques. Sperm was retrieved using EE in 18 cycles, while TESE was performed in 36 cycles. Then, chemical, clinical, and live birth rates were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 21 (38.8%) chemical pregnancies were obtained. Moreover, 19 (35.18%) clinical pregnancies were achieved. The live birth rate was 20.3%. No statistically significant differences were observed between the EE and TESE groups in terms of chemical pregnancy (44.4% vs. 36.1%, p = 0.55), clinical pregnancy (33.3% vs. 36.1%, p = 0.89), or live birth rates (22.2% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.81).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both retrieval techniques, EE and TESE, can be applicable strategies for intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures in men with SCI with no discrepancy in pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 5","pages":"413-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroxytyrosol protects sperm viability and DNA integrity in human asthenoteratozoospermia during incubation: An experimental study.","authors":"Reihane Shafieizade, Maryam Hezavehei, Abdolhossein Shahverdi, Iman Halvaei","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21172","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthenoteratozoospermia (AT), marked by poor sperm motility and abnormal morphology, is a major cause of male infertility. During semen handling, AT samples generate high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, increasing oxidative stress and sperm damage.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural antioxidant, on sperm quality and ROS levels in AT samples during incubation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This experimental study was conducted in 2 phases. In phase I, 20 AT samples were divided into 5 groups (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL HT) and incubated for 30, 45, and 60 min to determine optimal conditions based on sperm motility and viability. In phase II, another 20 AT samples were treated with 25 and 50 μg/mL HT for 30 min. Sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS, DNA fragmentation, and lipid peroxidation were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sperm motility decreased after incubation; however, treatment with HT maintained motility, although the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, sperm viability declined following incubation compared to the baseline. 25 μg/mL HT significantly preserves sperm viability after 30 min compared to 0 μg/mL HT (p = 0.02). Incubation significantly increased DNA fragmentation; however, at both 25 and 50 μg/mL HT, DNA fragmentation remained comparable to pre-incubation levels. No significant effects were observed on lipid peroxidation, ROS levels, or mitochondrial membrane potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incubation of AT sperm with HT for 30 min preserved sperm viability and reduced DNA damage, suggesting that HT may serve as a beneficial antioxidant in assisted reproductive technologies for men with AT by minimizing oxidative stress-related sperm damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 4","pages":"325-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in infertility treatment: Applications, challenges, and future directions: A narrative review.","authors":"Elham Ghadirkhomi, Aliasghar Fatehifar","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21168","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding in all fields of medicine, including infertility treatment. This article examines the different uses of AI in reproductive healthcare. This article focuses on predictive models, imaging processing, and personalized therapeutic strategies. AI-based software is increasingly being deployed for diagnosis and patient prognosis, utilizing big data derived from patient information and clinical outcomes. Thus, the prediction reliability of embryo implantation in in-vitro fertilization procedures notably increases. Furthermore, AI is revolutionizing embryo selection and sperm quality assessment through computer-based image processing systems and intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection techniques, thereby improving accuracy and consistency compared to traditional embryologist-dependent methods that heavily rely on the embryologists' skills. The paper reflects AI as the main factor in the formation of patient-specific treatment plans, risk reduction, and increased clinical success rates. Notwithstanding the immense potential, the implementation of AI in infertility treatment faces tangible issues, among which issues around ethics, privacy, quality, and diversity of data are prominent. This paper reviews current studies on the state-of-the-art possible and real failures of AI-focused strategies, as well as future research directions in the treatment of infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 4","pages":"275-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of chrysin on Kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin neurons and <i>gonadotropin-releasing hormone</i> gene expression in stress-induced rats: An experimental study.","authors":"Khadijeh Haghighat, Fariba Mahmoudi, Homayoun Khazali","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21174","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A subpopulation of neurons known as Kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin (KNDy) are located in the hypothalamus. These neurons co-express and release the corresponding neuropeptides. KNDy neurons are important in the reproductive process and can be affected by a number of factors, such as stress.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effect of chrysin as an anti-stress agent on the gene expression of hypothalamic Kisspeptin(<i>Kiss1</i>), tachykinin 2 (<i>Tac2</i>), pro-dynorphin (<i>Pdyn</i>)<i>,</i> and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (<i>GnRH</i>) in stress model rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats (200 <math><mo>±</mo></math> 10 gr, 8 wk old) were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n = 5/each). The rats were subjected to stress for 2 hr. The control and stress groups received normal saline. Chrysin (40 or 20 μg, intracerebroventricular injection, single dose) was injected into stress-induced rats, respectively. Also, intact groups received chrysin (40 or 20 μg, intracerebroventricular injection, single dose). Hypothalamic tissue was removed. Relative gene expression was assessed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Expression of <i>Kiss1</i> (p <math><mo>≤</mo></math> 0.001), <i>GnRH</i> (p = 0.002), and <i>Tac2</i> genes (p = 0.002) decreased, and the expression of <i>Pdyn</i> (p = 0.02) increased, in the stress group compared to the control group. No significant increase was observed in the expression of <i>Kiss1</i>, <i>GnRH,</i> and <i>Tac2</i> genes in rats treated with chrysin (40 or 20 μg) compared to the stress group; however, it caused a significant decrease in the expression of <i>Pdyn</i> gene compared to the stress group (p = 0.02, p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chrysin may regulate the reproductive axis via modulation of hypothalamic <i>KNDy</i> gene expression following stress suppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 4","pages":"349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinician-related variability as an independent determinant of in vitro fertilization success: A retrospective cohort study of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles.","authors":"Oya Korkmaz, Seda Karabulut, Elif Yilmaz, Nuri Delikara","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21169","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes are shaped by individual factors, laboratory conditions, and clinician performance; however, while embryologists and laboratory conditions are well studied, clinician-related variables remain less explored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate whether pregnancy outcomes vary in IVF cycles managed by different clinicians.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cohort study, data of 3017 women who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection at the IVF Center of Kadıköy Florence Nightingale hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye from January 2013-December 2020 were extracted from their medical records and retrospectively reviewed. Clinical pregnancy rates were compared between clinicians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical pregnancy rates differed significantly between clinicians, ranging from 13.6-56.0% (p = 0.023). The overall pregnancy rate was 29.9%. In the multivariate analysis, even after adjusting for maternal age, body mass index, duration of infertility, and anti-Müllerian hormone levels, the clinician variable retained its significance as an independent predictor (adjusted odds ratios: 0.45-2.12, p = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study shows that clinician-related factors independently shape IVF success. Clinical expertise, judgment, and surgical skills affect outcomes throughout the IVF cycle, not only at embryo transfer. Improving laboratory conditions alone is insufficient; clinician training, performance standardization, and ongoing professional development are also essential. Thus, clinician performance should be integrated into quality assurance and further evaluated in prospective multicenter studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 4","pages":"287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and implementation of interventions to improve sexual health of women with endometriosis: A mixed-methods study protocol with an interventional design.","authors":"Tahmineh Farajkhoda, Shahla Mohammadkhani, Mohammadtaghi Sarebanhassanabadi, Atiyeh Javaheri, Fatemeh ZareMobini","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21170","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometriosis has potential negative effects on the fertility, mental, and sexual health of women. Since the conducted studies have not comprehensively addressed the needs and strategies to improve sexual health, and to design the necessary programs and interventions for this group of women.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aims to design and implement interventions to improve sexual health of women with endometriosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This sequential mixed-methods study comprises 4 phases. Phase 1 is a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews to explore needs and strategies from the perspectives of women with endometriosis and healthcare providers. Phase 2 involves a systematic review to identify additional evidence-based strategies. Phase 3 integrates findings from phases 1 and 2 with prioritization by a multidisciplinary expert panel using the Delphi technique, to develop a comprehensive intervention program. Phase 4 is a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed intervention on sexual function and sexual quality of life compared to routine care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This protocol aims to develop a comprehensive, evidence-based care program integrating qualitative insights, systematic review findings, and multidisciplinary expert opinions, and to evaluate its effectiveness in improving the sexual health of women with endometriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 4","pages":"297-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dual trigger on pregnancy outcomes in women with diminished ovarian reserve: A single-blind randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Marzieh Zamaniyan, Tahereh Abbasi, Manizheh Habibpour, Sepideh Peyvandi, Hamed Jafarpour, Reza Ali Mohammadpour Tahamtan, Noushin Gordani","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21171","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diminished ovarian reserve is one of the most important issues in in vitro fertilization cycles. Some authors have reported beneficial effects of dual triggering in women with poor ovarian response, whereas other investigators have demonstrated contrary results.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to investigate the effect of final follicular maturation using a dual trigger (human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] agonist) compared to HCG alone in GnRH-antagonist cycles on oocyte retrieval, maturation, embryo quality, and clinical pregnancy in frozen cycles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from May and November 2019 on 80 infertile women with poor ovarian response undergoing an intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer cycle with a GnRH-antagonist protocol. All participants received 10,000 IU of urinary HCG for final oocyte maturation. The dual trigger group received an additional 0.2 mg of triptorelin acetate, while the HCG alone group did not. The primary outcome was the clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcomes included the number of oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes, fertilization rate, embryo quality, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dual trigger group showed a significantly higher number of total oocytes, metaphase II oocytes, good-quality embryos, and implantation rate compared to the HCG alone group (p <math><mo>≤</mo></math> 0.050). However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in clinical pregnancy or abortion rates (p <math><mo>></mo></math> 0.050).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Final oocyte maturation using a dual trigger (GnRH agonist + HCG) improves the number of good-quality embryos and can be a practical approach to enhance the efficiency of the fertilization process in infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 4","pages":"315-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of different cetrorelix doses in the luteal phase for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Shiva Fayyazi Moghaddam, Masoumeh Hajshafiha, Tahereh Behroozi Lak, Sonia Sadeghpour, Arian Haghtalab","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21173","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a severe iatrogenic disorder resulting from controlled ovarian stimulation. The administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (cetrorelix) during the luteal phase is a practical approach for preventing OHSS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different cetrorelix regimens for preventing OHSS in high-risk groups.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, data of 271 women with a high-risk profile for OHSS presented to the Infertility Center of Kosar hospital, Urmia, Iran from March 2023 and March 2025 and those who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection were extracted from their medical records. Participants were given prophylactic luteal-phase cetrorelix regimen of 0.5 mg twice daily (BID group, n = 101), 0.5 mg 3 times daily (TDS group, n = 38), or 0.75 mg TDS group (n = 102). After correcting for baseline characteristics, a logistic regression model determined independent hospitalization predictors. The primary outcomes measured in this study were the frequency and severity of OHSS and the rate of hospitalization due to OHSS. OHSS severity was graded according to standard classification, and hospitalization was defined as the need for inpatient management of OHSS. The study then compared these outcomes across the 3 different cetrorelix dosing regimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OHSS frequency and severity decreased in a dose-dependent way, with no moderate or severe cases in the 0.75 mg TDS group (p <math><mo><</mo></math> 0.001). Lower-dose groups had higher hospitalization rates than the 0.75 mg TDS reference group after adjusting for confounding variables. The likelihood was 20 times higher for the 0.5 mg TDS group (adjusted odds ratio = 19.92, 95% CI [1.99, 199.04]) and 79 times higher for the 0.5 mg BID group (adjusted odds ratio = 79.29, 95% CI [9.31, 675.43]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In individuals with elevated risk, 0.75 mg TDS luteal-phase cetrorelix more effectively decreases OHSS risk and reduces hospitalizations compared to lower dosages.</p>","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 4","pages":"337-348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The necessity of understanding the seriousness of the impact of smoking on reproductive health: A letter to the editor.","authors":"Mansoureh Nasirian","doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21175","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","volume":"24 4","pages":"359-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}