International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Tree community structure and recruitment dynamics in savanna woodlands","authors":"N. Bhola, J. Ogutu, H. Dublin, F. Plas, H. Piepho, H. Olff","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2019.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2019.1341","url":null,"abstract":"Climate, fire and herbivory rank among the key factors and processes shaping savanna woodland community composition and diversity.  We analyzed recruitment dynamics, community biomass, diversity, stability and composition and their relationships with rainfall fluctuations and herbivory in a savanna woodland community in the Masai Mara National Reserve of Kenya. Seedling and sapling recruitment varied differentially over time among the five commonest tree species. Rainfall exerted both positive and negative effects on recruitment dynamics, with saplings responding to longer rainfall lags than seedlings. The proportion of trees damaged by browsers peaked at intermediate rainfall levels and was higher for adults than seedlings or saplings. Community biomass, species richness and evenness increased with increasing rainfall. Biomass decreased, whereas richness and evenness hardly varied over time. Both rare and common species occurred in more diverse communities, prevalent at high rainfall locations, suggesting strong nestedness in community composition. Moreover, community stability and diversity appeared unrelated. Protection from browsers and lower per capita browsing pressure at high rainfall apparently enable rare species to successfully establish and elevate species diversity. If climate change makes droughts more frequent and intense and lowers soil moisture, browsing intensity could increase, reducing diversity and recruitment, especially of rare, stress-sensitive species. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Masai Mara, species diversity, habitat filtering, rainfall, browsing, fire, competition, stochastic processes, tree biomass.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115757422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Woody fodder species in three agro-ecological Parklands of Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Aynalem Gochera, Simon Shibru, Y. Kechero","doi":"10.5897/ijbc2019.1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2019.1305","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in Arba Minch Zuria Woreda of SNNPR, Ethiopia on Parkland \u0000 agroforestry practices in three agro-ecological zones. The objective of the study was to investigate the fodder tree and shrub species composition, richness, diversity and structure. Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions were held. In total, ninety 50 m × 20 m plots were laid and standard procedures were followed. Forty nine woody species belonging to 43 genera and 31 families were identified as fodder species. Fabaceae represented by 7 species and Combertaceae and Moraceae (3 species each) were the most diverse families. Mid altitude (H’=2.98) is more diverse followed by High altitude (H’=2.23) and Low altitude agro-ecology (H’=1.94). Species in the low altitude were densely populated and have large basal area followed by mid altitude and high altitude. The top most important species with highest Importance Value Index (IVI) were Ficus sur (51.90), Ficus sycomorus (46.484) and Mangifera indica (60.161) High altitude, middle altitude and lower altitude, respectively. Generally, in the study area, there were diverse fodder trees and shrubs, all likely sources for farmers to feed livestock. So, there should be strong management and conservation practices to ensure future availability, continuous awareness raising efforts, and further study should be conducted for nutritional evaluation. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fodder, diversity, Parkland, Arbaminch Zuria Woreda, agroforestry practices.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121434009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do internal roadways influence tree diversity and density in a reserve forest? - A reality check at BRT Tiger Reserve, Karnataka, India","authors":"M. Anandhapriyan, K. N. Babu, N. Barathan, N. Ayyappan","doi":"10.5897/ijbc2019.1347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2019.1347","url":null,"abstract":"Roadways are inevitable components in any human managed landscape across the world, with the sole objective to facilitate transportation. Reserve forests are not an exception to this situation. A roadway being a potential factor in influencing biodiversity, this study checks the possibility of relationship between the distance of tree communities from roads and the basic characteristics (diversity and density) of the communities in a protected forest. 30 distinct plots were studied across two ranges in BRT Tiger Reserve, Karnataka. For each plot, its average distance and minimum distance from a road and also from specific road types were calculated. In order to check the relationship of distance from road and community characteristics, correlation tests were carried out. It is inferred that the distance from internal roads and community characteristics does not possess any relationship in a reserve forest scenario. Though the possibility of influence by internal roads over tree communities is rendered nil in this study, cautious execution of road-based operations with-in the reserve forests in future is highly recommended. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Biodiversity conservation, correlation analysis, distance from roads, forest landscapes.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132590520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and regeneration of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br Ex G Don in Mount Mandara, Cameroon","authors":"Froumsia Moksia, Takoua, Hamawa Yougouda, S. Konsala, Todou Gilbert, Baye-Niwah Claudette","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2019.1274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2019.1274","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out in the Mount Mandara area to assess the populations and renewal status of Parkia biglobosa, a multi-purpose species. The study was aimed at contributing to the sustainable management of this resource. Transect methods were used to count individuals of P. biglobosa in fields. Results showed that the density of P. biglobosa was 7 individuals ha-1. The basal area of P. biglobosa individuals varied as follows: Mokolo area (21.41 m2 ha-1) and Roua-plateaux Zoulgo (20.06 m2 ha-1). In these zones, big trees of P. biglobosa with large diameters were quite numerous. The average diameters were 79.14 ± 5.04 cm, and the average height was 13.60 ± 0.96 m. The structure of the distribution among the diameters generally was bell shaped, but the distributions varied in each zone. The greatest number of individuals was observed in the [50-70 cm] and [70-90 cm] diameter classes, with a remarkable increased presence of individuals in class [130-150 cm]. The scarcity of the individuals in the diameter range of 10 to 30 cm was noted in the various zones, with their entire absence in the Roua- Plateaux Zoulgo and Meri zones. The rate of regeneration of P. biglobosa was 13 %. This rate was very weak compared to the socio-economic importance of this species. This regeneration rate will not ensure continued population strength of this multipurpose species. This species is proven of importance, but its capacity of regeneration was too low to ensure its sustainability. It becomes imperative to develop effective strategies for its regeneration and conservation. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Population, dynamic, sustainable management, multi-purpose, Parkia biglobosa, Mount Mandara.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117222819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-based approach to biodiversity conservation: An innovative step in Madagascar","authors":"Rindra Ramananjatovo, L. Ramamonjisoa, G. Rajoelison, J. Ratsirarson, H. Rabarison","doi":"10.5897/ijbc2019.1323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2019.1323","url":null,"abstract":"Known for its diversity and high endemicity, half of Madagascar's floral richness is sheltered in the Island's eastern evergreen dense rainforest; including key, threatened and socio-economically valuable species. The vulnerability of such habitat, combined with overexploitation of timber, threatens the livelihoods of forest communities and conservation of biological diversity. Up till date, the main actions regarding Madagascar’s biodiversity are leading at the ecosystem level through protected area systems, without necessarily ensuring real conservation of all key species. These are rarely considered as a criterion for effective protected area management. Although decisions on long-term conservation and genetic improvement require detailed scientific and economic knowledge of species, very limited data are available. This research study sets out to promote the development of scientific knowledge of six key endemic species belonging to lowland rainforest ecosystems, to propose a variant of models for the conservation and sustainable use of their genetic resources. The research was conducted using several methods including ecological studies of the habitats of these key species, demographic analysis, and monitoring of their biological and phenological behaviors. The results obtained made it possible to identify three priority groups of key species for which specific conservation and sustainable use measures are proposed. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: key species ecology, biology and physiology, conservation and sustainable use, evergreen dense rainforest.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131148883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current distribution, regeneration and management practice of Hagenia abyssinica in different agroforestry systems of Ethiopia: A review","authors":"Akale Assamere Habtemariam, Alemu Mamuye Woldetsadik","doi":"10.5897/ijbc2019.1294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2019.1294","url":null,"abstract":"Hagenia abyssinica is a multipurpose tree, which is sparsely distributed in the highland of Ethiopia. It is used for illness remedy, furniture, fuel, and as a soil additive. This review provides information on the present status and management practice of H. abyssinica in Ethiopia to give urgency care other than that given to introduced species for future conservation. The foliage and flowers have a higher quality of N and P for managing soil fertility. However, market availability is diminished. Its healing potential is widely accepted within the society and it is one of the dominant plants in the Boda Montane and Gole Forest. The plant in Hararge of Ethiopia is highly threatened through settlement changes and agriculture expansion. The Gemechis and Menagesha Amba Mariam forest is comprised of seedlings and saplings, but the Chilimo and Gole Natural Forest shows poor regeneration. The Doshke and Gedo forest is represented by aged trees; and the species is under risk. In some areas of Kofele, Bale, Holeta, Legambo and Debark of Ethiopia, it is cultivated in the homegardens for multiuse. Therefore, the diversity is highly shrinking and urgent actions will be needed to conserve it. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words:  Conservation, forest, Hagenia abyssinica, homegarden, regeneration, threatened.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131321280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture requirements for Pinus sylvestris seeds: Variation in germination among provenances from different elevations","authors":"M. Rampart","doi":"10.5897/ijbc2018.1246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2018.1246","url":null,"abstract":"Patterns of climatic variables are likely to change significantly in the coming century, with important but poorly-understood consequences for plant communities. This experiment determined how seeds of P. sylvestris collected from different elevations in two geographical regions performed when placed in simulated moisture stress conditions. Eight provenances from two regions (Norway and France) were chilled for zero and four weeks at 4±1°C and then germinated at 10 and 20°C, at water potentials of -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa. Moisture stress resulted in delayed germination and reduced germination capacity, and there was no germination at a water potential of -0.9 MPa. Provenances from high elevations were the most susceptible to moisture stress. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Moisture stress, water potentials, simulated moisture conditions, germination capacity, temperature effects.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"827 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133287456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floristic composition, vegetation structure and regeneration status of Wabero forest, Oromia Regional State, Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"Nigatu Dejene, Firew Kebede, M. Kebede","doi":"10.5897/ijbc2018.1241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2018.1241","url":null,"abstract":"Wabero forest is one of the very few remnant moist evergreen montane forests in Southeast Ethiopia. However, basic data on vegetation structure and composition of the forest that could provide valuable information for possible conservation measures is lacking. The main objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the woody species composition, vegetation structure and regeneration status of the forest. In the study 30 quadrants of 20 m by 20 m were used for woody species data and 5 m by 5 m for sapling and seedling in a nested form. The sample quadrants were laid down along transects at a distance of 300 m from each other. Diameters at breast height (DBH), basal area, frequency and importance value index were used for analysis of vegetation structure. In the study, a total of 47 woody plant species belonging to 43 genera and 33 families were recorded. The major families were Rubiaceae and Rutaceae each represented by four species followed by Sapindaceae, Moraceae and Oleaceae each represented by three species. The rest of the 28 families were represented by one or two species, only. The mean density of all the woody species recorded in the study site was 21,737 ha-1. Diospyros abyssinica, Podocarpus falcatus, Strychnos mitis, Celtis africana and Coffea arabica were found to be the most dominant and frequent species with the highest importance value index. Results of regeneration status of the forest, which was analyzed by comparing number of seedling and sapling with mature trees, revealed that the forest is under good regeneration status. Therefore, based on the results of the study, awareness creation and implementation of participatory forest management strategy is recommended in order to sustain the forest. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Basal area, diameters at breast height (DBH), importance value index, Montane forest, woody species composition.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127000919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and relative abundance of birds in Loka Abaya National Park, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"D. Ayalew, T. Sintayehu, Kifle Ermias, Mengesha Girma","doi":"10.5897/ijbc2019.1306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2019.1306","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding avian diversity and abundance is important for its conservation in a protected area. A study was conducted to investigate species diversity and relative abundance of birds in Loka Abaya National Park, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, between August 2017and February 2018 during wet and dry seasons. Based on satellite image and preliminary survey, the study area was stratified into riverine forest, wooded grassland and wetland habitats. A total of 46 blocks were established to cover 20% of the 500 km2 of the park area. Some of the blocks were 16 km2; the remaining blocks were at the periphery of the park and are less than 16 km2. Data were collected using transect lines. The length of transect lines varied, 1 km in riverine forest, 4 km in wooded grassland and wetland. Sighting distance, one side of the line was 75 m in riverine forest but 100 m in wooded grassland and wetland.  Biodiversity indices were used for diversity data analysis and encounter rate to determine relative abundance of birds. The effects of habitat types and seasons on abundance were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA.  A total of 134 bird species belonging to 99 genera, 53 families and 18 orders were recorded during the study. Culumbidae followed by Accipitridae and Ploceidae was the most abundant  recorded family. Riverine forest had the highest bird species diversity (H' = 3.98) while wetland is the lowest (H' = 3.43). The result showed 7 abundant, 20 common, 45 frequent, 30 uncommon and 32 rare species. The number of individuals of  a species during the seasons was not significantly different (F1, 340 = 0.36, P > 0.05). However, habitat types showed significant difference (F2, 340 = 8.40, P < 0.05). This  study revealed that the park harbors diverse and rare species of birds. Hence, the park is an important conservation area. Thus, urgent conservation measures and other long-term studies on bird communities of the park is recommended. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Birds, diversity, habitat association, Loka Abaya National Park, relative abundance.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132366434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-wildlife conflict around Midre-Kebid Abo Monastry, Gurage Zone, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Amare Yilmato, S. Takele","doi":"10.5897/ijbc2019.1314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2019.1314","url":null,"abstract":"This human-wildlife conflict study was carried out around Midre-Kebid Abo Monastry. A descriptive survey design method was used and both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaires. Field experiment was carried out on two selected crops - maize and enset, to estimate crop damage by wild animals. Resource competition (46%), increased wildlife population (42.5%) and livestock populations (11.5%) were the major causes of conflict identified in the area. Wheat and maize were the most affected crops in the area with an estimate loss of 155.29 ± 12/kg/year and 106.15±12.3/kg/year, respectively. The average loss of enset obtained from estimation of 0.36 ha in four counts was 36 kg. On the other hand, the average loss of maize from estimation of 0.12 ha in four counts was 48 cobs (9.6 kg). Therefore, estimated damage based on the total coverage of enset (32 ha) and maize (42 ha) has become 3200 and 3360 kg, respectively. The most known problematic wild animals in the study area were apes (86.2%) followed by monkey (71.3%) and hyena (56.3%). Albeit there is an intense human-wildlife conflict in the study area, majority of the respondents (64.5%) have positive perception towards wildlife conservation. Different crop/livestock protection mechanisms, including guarding, chasing, hunting, fencing, cooperative guarding, guarding using dogs, trapping and scarecrow are used by the local community. The use unpalatable crops as buffer crops enforce environment and forest related laws and local government engagement in creating awareness about wildlife conservation and compensatory schemes are important to lessen the problem. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Crop loss, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Midre-kebid Monastery.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117284497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}