International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Threats and their relative severity and driving forces in the African Elephant range wildlife protected areas of Ethiopia","authors":"Mekbeb E. Tessema, Kumara Wakjira, A. Asefa","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2019.1298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2019.1298","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic threats to five wildlife protected areas (PAs) in Ethiopia: Omo, Mago, Chebera Churchura and Kafta Sheraro National Parks, and Babille Elephant Sanctuary were studied. The study specific objectives were to: (i) establish the relative severity of threat factors to the PAs and susceptibility of the PAs; (ii) explore underlying causes of the threats; and, (iii) identify appropriate threat mitigation measures. A semi-structured questionnaire survey was administered to 25 most experienced staffs of the PAs. Indexes of threat factor severity and vulnerability of PAs to these threats were calculated and the ‘Theory of Change Model’ to identify threat mitigation measures was used. Twelve major threat factors operating in the five PAs were identified. Five (~39%) of the threat factors were operating at higher level than the average RTFSI score, with wildlife poaching, subsistence farming and overgrazing being the three top severe threats. Babille Elephant Sanctuary, and Kafta Sheraro and Omo National Parks appeared to be susceptible to the majority of threat factors identified. The underlying causes of the threat factors were almost similar across the PAs and included several factors such as political, socio-economic and ecological. The impacts of these threat factors on biodiversity and mitigation strategies are discussed in detail. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Anthropogenic threats, management effectiveness, poaching, protected area susceptibility, theory of change model, threat severity.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114615538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended distribution of testate amoebae (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) to Indian fauna from Sangla Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"L. Bindu","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2019.1282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2019.1282","url":null,"abstract":"Testate amoebae are a group of free-living heterotrophic protists that have an organic shell or test and play a very good role as bioindicators in the ecological monitoring of environment. Inspite of the importance the percentage contribution of free living protozoans recorded from the Himalayan landscape is only about 12% of the total free living protozoans of India. This portrays a meagre diversity of species from such a highly diversified ecosystem of Himalaya and the true diversity may be far above the recorded number of species. In this study it is herewith reporting two species of testate amoebae viz., Assulina quadratum Van Oye, 1958 and Cyclopyxis leidy Couteaux et Chardez, 1981 for the first time from India from Sangla Valley, Himachal Pradesh. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Assulina quadratum, Cyclopyxis leidy, bioindicator protists, moss-dwelling testate amoebae, soil protists, new biogeographic records, Sangla Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133301744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typology of coffee-based agroforestry systems in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Togo (West Africa)","authors":"Donko Koudzo Koda, Mamadou Ch erif, Kossi Adjossou, Kossi B essan Am egnaglo, B. Diwediga, Kodjovi Mawuégnigan Léonard Agbodan, Atsu Kudzo Guelly","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2019.1291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2019.1291","url":null,"abstract":"This study contributes to the knowledge of the variants of coffee-based agroforestry systems (CAFS) of the semi-deciduous forest zone of Togo. To achieve this, forest, floristic and ecological data were collected in 163 random plots of 25 m × 25 m (625 m²), to analyze the typology of the CAFS and their characteristics across the study area. In the 10.1875 ha surveyed, results showed a total of 2510 stems of woody plants belonging to 138 species and 38 families. The average tree density was 246.38 trees/ha, whereas the basal area was 27.99 m²/ha. Four types of CAFS have been identified; the first type (G1) is the plant communities dominated by Milicia excelsa and Persa americana associated with coffee trees; the second type (G2) is characterized by CAFS with Albizia spp. and Citrus sinensis as dominant woody species; the third group (G3) is composed of communities dominated by Albizia adianthifolia and Milicia excelsa and the fourth group (G4) consists of CAFS dominated by M. excelsa and Antiaris africana. The floristic composition showed that the latter CAFS (G4) dominated by M. excelsa and A. africana was the most diversified, more rich in term of species (Species richness = 110, Shannon index = 4.06) and of which the basal area (Basal area = 34.32 m2/ha) is larger than the others. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Coffee-based agroforest system, typology, semi-deciduous forest zone, Togo.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123566699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species composition and relative abundance of Lakeshore bird species around Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia","authors":"S. Takele, Genet Endale","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2018.1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2018.1260","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological investigation of species diversity and relative abundance of birds was conducted from January to September 2017 at the shoreline of Lake Hawassa, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Three habitats namely-Tikurwuha wetland, Human settlement and Farmland were identified for the study. A total of 60 bird species under 14 orders and 37 families were identified. In general, 2720 individuals of 81 species of birds were recorded during the wet season and 1557 individuals of 49 species during the dry season. During wet season, Tikurwuha wetland habitat had the highest diversity (H’=3.469) whereas the lowest diversity was recorded in farmland (H’=2.864). Analogously, during dry season the highest and the lowest diversity were recorded in Tikurwuha wetland habitat (H’=2.845) and farmland habitat (H’=2.584), respectively. The overall seasonal species’ composition and relative abundance between dry and wet seasons were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In spite of the fact that the lake supports good number of birds’ populations, anthropogenic activities going on near the lakeshore such as farm land and human settlement expansions are shrinking available habitats to birds through altering the vegetation composition and structure that ultimately affects birds’ abundance and survival. Accordingly, since the existence of lakeshore bird species is based on the lake ecosystem, anthropogenic pressure such as farming activities and human settlement very close to the lake should be banned. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Birds, relative abundance, species composition, species diversity.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122574487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers perceptions of the effectiveness of strategies for managing wildlife crop depredation in Ghana","authors":"Y. Agyeman, Silvia Baidoo","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2019.1284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2019.1284","url":null,"abstract":"Wildlife crop depredation represents a serious human-wildlife conflict around protected areas globally. It undermines farming livelihoods and local support for long-term conservation. Though studies have focused on different aspects such as the economics, spatiotemporal and vulnerability of farms to crop depredation, little attention has been given to the farmers’ evaluation of the effectiveness of the strategies used to manage crop depredation. This paper aimed to examine the strategies used to manage wildlife by smallholding farmers who are among those closest to national parks, and how they evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies around Bui National Park in Ghana. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, involving 17 farmers from Makala community living close to the park. The results indicated that farmers apply a single strategy and/or a multiple strategies, to manage crop depredation. The single strategy is generally ineffective in the long-term, but short-term and temporary successes were observed. However, farmers sought effective results by using strategies in different combinations depending on the major crop cultivated, the wildlife diversity involved, and the frequent experience of farm damage. Understanding the effectiveness of the strategies provides knowledge about how the strategies could be made effective against crop depredation to protect farms and facilitate local support for wildlife conservation. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Crop depredation, wildlife species, effectiveness, human-wildlife conflict, strategies, protected areas.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133950723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schoolchildren as informants about bushmeat consumption in Western Serengeti, Tanzania","authors":"F. Manyama, J. Nyahongo, M. Nielsen, E. Røskaft","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2019.1267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2019.1267","url":null,"abstract":"Bushmeat contributes to household food security in Western Serengeti, particularly for low-income families who are unable to afford more expensive meat sources. However, as the human population grows, bushmeat demand is increasingly unsustainable. Formulating effective policies to reduce illegal bushmeat hunting in Serengeti National Park (SNP), requires information about the contribution of bushmeat to household meat protein consumption as it varies along a gradient of distance from protected areas and between seasons, which can be difficult to obtain from adults due to the illegal nature of hunting. Data on bushmeat consumption frequencies were collected from 127 class four pupils and compared to that of 150 adults. Data were obtained through interviews conducted in both the dry and wet seasons in October 2017 and April 2018, respectively, in three villages selected based on distance from the boundary of SNP (near, intermediate and far away). Mean reported bushmeat consumption frequencies by both schoolchildren and adults differed significantly between villages declining with distance from SNP. Bushmeat consumption frequencies reported by both groups were significantly higher during the dry season (66%) compared to the wet season (34%). Adults on average reported significantly lower bushmeat consumption frequencies than schoolchildren in both seasons. The results suggest that children are less constrained by the illegal nature of bushmeat hunting and therefore may provide more accurate information about the importance of bushmeat in household consumption than adults. Results also reveal that bushmeat contributes considerably to household meat consumption in villages close to the SNP but not further away. This study provides valuable insights for targeting policies to reduce illegal bushmeat hunting, including through promoting substitute protein sources. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Consumption frequency, spatial and temporal variations, meat types.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126457225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytosociological survey of environmental park in Antonio Danubio municipality of Ananindeua, Para, Brazil","authors":"M. T. D. Paula, Antonio Jose Oliveira Macecirc, Do, Nicelly Costa Favacho, Uzias Pereira Oliveira Leite, A. N. Pontes, Aless, R. Rosario, Ismael Matos da Silva, Lucy Anne Cardoso Lobatilde, O. Gutiérrez, Helio Raymundo Ferreira Filho, Pedro Henrique Oliveira Simotilde, Es, Marcelo Jose Raiol Souza","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2019.1277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2019.1277","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports the floristic and phytosociology of a solid ground forest, located in the Environmental Park Antonio Danubio Lourenco da Silva, municipality of Ananindeua, Para, Brazil. The inventory of 1 ha considered individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm, allocated twenty plots in each field, all of size 20 m x 25 m (500 m2) arranged randomly. A total of 239 plants was registered, distributed in 61 species, 51 genera and 27 families, referring to biocenose area. The families with most species, in a decreasing order, were: Leguminosae, Lecythidaceae, Sapotaceae, Urticaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Caryocaraceae, Vochysiaceae, Lauraceae, Arecaceae and Malvaceae. In relation to the importance value index (IVIi), the highest values ​​were presented by the species: Oenocarpus bacaba, Nectandra cuspidata, Theobroma grandiflorum, Diplotropis purpurea, Piptadenia suavelons, Inga lauriana, Cecropia obtusifolia, Cecropia sciadophylla, Tapirira guianensis and Jacaranda copaia. These species represent 56.06% of the individuals sampled per hectare and 58.63% of the IVIi. The diversity index of Shannon-Weaver (H '= 3.53) indicates that the park has a floristic diversity less than other native forest fragments in State of Para, Brazil. This is probably due to the park being part of an anthropic area near the federal highway BR-316, where a large number of vehicles circulate daily. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Phytosociology, biodiversity, conservation, identificacion.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129901811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and floristic composition of rural and sub-urban home garden in Wadera district of Oromia region, Ethiopia","authors":"Biruk Birhan, T. Abebe","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2018.1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2018.1256","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in Wadera district of Oromia region in Ethiopia, with the objective of quantifying the diversity and floristic composition of home garden agroforestry systems. A stratified random sampling design was used to select 132 sample home gardens and a detailed inspection was conducted on diversity and floristic composition of the plant species using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’s Evenness index. A total of 65 cultivated plant species belonging to 36 families were recorded with an average of 28 plant species per individual’s home garden. Rutaceae was the dominant family with 6 species followed by Lamiaceae and Solanaceae. Shannon’s diversity indexes of 1.63 to 2.06 were recorded at the village level with an overall mean diversity index (H’) of 1.85 and evenness index (E) of 0.58. The findings from this study may help government and other stakeholders in providing baseline information, supported with scientific evidence, which further can contribute to policy and decision making process. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Agroforestry, home garden, diversity, floristic composition, Guji zone.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128021431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface of biodiversity and ecosystem services: Does soil organic carbon correlate with the diversity of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Uzungwa Scarp Nature Reserve, Tanzania?","authors":"Anna N Mwambala, B. Nyundo, Elikana Kalumanga","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2019.1265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2019.1265","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical forest soils have potential to mitigate climate change and support biodiversity. Human activities in these forests threaten biodiversity and alter the ability of the soil to sequester carbon. Many tropical countries experience rampant anthropogenic activities in the forests, yet the extent to which these activities affect biodiversity and soil organic carbon and the relationship between the two is not well studied. In this study, the correlation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and ground beetles was assessed in both control and disturbed sites in Uzungwa Scarp Nature Reserve (USNR). Disturbance activities included logging for timber, tool handles and building poles; fire, hunting, footpaths, collection of fuel wood, and clearing for agriculture. Pitfall trapping, active searching during the day, and active night searching were methods used to collect the ground beetles. Soil samples were collected at three depths 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm in twelve plots: six in disturbed and six in control sites. A total of 890 ground beetles comprising 30 species were collected. The species richness of carabid beetles was high in the control sites (26 species) and low in disturbed site (16 species), with the respective Shannon-Wiener being Hꞌ= 2.103 and Hꞌ = 1.327. The difference in species diversity was statistically significant. Abundance of carabid beetles was also significantly higher in control sites compared to disturbed sites. Mean SOC was low in disturbed sites and high in control sites at all three depths. In disturbed sites, the correlation between SOC and species richness was weakly negative but not significant, and positively correlated with abundance, though it was not statistically significant. In control sites, there was a significant positive correlation between SOC and carabid abundance, but not with species richness of carabid beetles. To conclude, protection of natural forests is prerequisite for biodiversity and ecosystem services. We recommend that management improvement is urgently required, because ongoing human activities seem to contribute to diminished SOC stock. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Soil organic carbon, disturbance, ground beetles, correlation.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133163025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of construction of natural reserve on the livelihoods and income of local residents around Conkouati-Doulinational Park, Republic Of Congo","authors":"Gilles Moutanda Loussakou, Zhen Zhu","doi":"10.5897/IJBC2018.1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2018.1225","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in Conkouati-Douli National Park (CDNP) to analyze the effect of CDNP construction on local residents’ livelihoods and income. A survey of questionnaires of 100 households was carried in four villages: Tandou-Ngoma, Nzambi, Ngoumbi and Mpela. Focused groups discussions, field observations and secondary data from different sources were used to collect information. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 19), Excel and simple descriptive statistics. Local communities livelihoods were assessed using the sustainable livelihood framework; the households’ average monthly income at the village scale was also calculated. The results showed that before the establishment of the CDNP, 45,18,16,10 and 4% of households depend on crop farming, fishing, hunting, trading and formal-employment respectively, while 7% of households were unemployed.  After the establishment of the CDNP, 33, 19, 14, 5 and 1% of households depend on fishing, trading, agriculture, formal-employment and hunting respectively, while 19% of households were unemployed. The households’ average monthly income before and after the establishment of the CDNP was 227.81 USD and 104.97 USD, respectively, with a change rate of -53.69%. The findings also revealed that incomes were distributed unequally over all households and estimated to be 54.61%; this corresponds to a Gini coefficient of 0.54. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: National Park, Conkouati-Douli, livelihoods, households’ incomes, human-wildlife conflicts.","PeriodicalId":143839,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132365482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}