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Institutions, Governance and the Development of Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe 中欧和东欧的制度、治理和创业发展
Local Economic and Employment Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1787/9789264038523-11-EN
D. Smallbone
{"title":"Institutions, Governance and the Development of Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"D. Smallbone","doi":"10.1787/9789264038523-11-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264038523-11-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Although the specific policy priorities for entrepreneurship development vary between individual economies, key underlying themes are the importance of institutional development and capacity building and the development of a market-oriented system of governance, over which governments exert a key influence. In some countries an appropriate and effective institutionalisation of small business policy is still one of the main preconditions that need to be fulfilled before productive and sustained private sector development can become embedded. In others, more should be done to unleash the potential role of regional and local authorities, both in promoting entrepreneurship and in facilitating its development, in view of the fact that it is at the local level that policy and institutions touch entrepreneurs most directly.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126790365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Community Capacity Building and the Environment: Sustainable Development and Environmental Justice 社区能力建设与环境:可持续发展与环境正义
Local Economic and Employment Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1787/9789264073302-5-EN
M. Adebowale, L. Bhullar
{"title":"Community Capacity Building and the Environment: Sustainable Development and Environmental Justice","authors":"M. Adebowale, L. Bhullar","doi":"10.1787/9789264073302-5-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264073302-5-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Community capacity building in the area of the environment is an area of growing interest. The recognition that environmental ills are often confronted by those from the most vulnerable parts of society, such as the poor and migrant communities, has led to increased demands for environmental justice within the framework of sustainable development. Beginning with a discussion of the ideas of sustainable development and environmental justice, the chapter then goes on to explore the role and contribution of community capacity building within these frameworks. Utilising case studies from Europe, the Americas and Australasia, this chapter identifies key determinants for successful community capacity building in the environmental sector.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125483410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Skills Upgrading Initiatives in Canada: Evidence from Alberta and the Northwest Territories 加拿大的技能提升计划:来自艾伯塔省和西北地区的证据
Local Economic and Employment Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1787/9789264012516-9-EN
R. Brisbois, Richard Saunders
{"title":"Skills Upgrading Initiatives in Canada: Evidence from Alberta and the Northwest Territories","authors":"R. Brisbois, Richard Saunders","doi":"10.1787/9789264012516-9-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264012516-9-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses several initiatives recently undertaken in Canada to reinforce the need and importance of basic, essential skills in the workplace. It focuses on cases involving employers who, in collaboration with community colleges, have developed tools based on their local labour market needs to upgrade the skills of their workforce.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127309169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Evaluating Territorial Employment Pacts – Methodological and Practical Issues. The experience of Austria 评估地区雇佣契约-方法和实际问题。奥地利的经验
Local Economic and Employment Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1787/9789264017092-16-EN
P. Huber
{"title":"Evaluating Territorial Employment Pacts – Methodological and Practical Issues. The experience of Austria","authors":"P. Huber","doi":"10.1787/9789264017092-16-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264017092-16-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Territorial employment pacts are interventions in local governance regimes aimed at generating institutions and social capital in regions to improve economic policy. The underlying premise of this intervention is that policy activities, which are developed autonomously, collectively and locally by encompassing partnerships are likely to contribute to improved...","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130673979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Governance and Local Economic Development: In Search of an Appropriate Governance Structure for Croatia 治理与地方经济发展:为克罗地亚寻找合适的治理结构
Local Economic and Employment Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1787/9789264038523-5-EN
Jelena Šišinački, Ivana Rašić Bakarić, Marijana Sumpor
{"title":"Governance and Local Economic Development: In Search of an Appropriate Governance Structure for Croatia","authors":"Jelena Šišinački, Ivana Rašić Bakarić, Marijana Sumpor","doi":"10.1787/9789264038523-5-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264038523-5-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Fostering local economic development in Croatia is primarily an administrative task of the 21 counties, the current units of regional self-government. However, the big cities alone succeed in attracting population and economic activity, and have therefore more strength and capacity to support economic development than other counties. Also, counties are small regions by European standards. The analysis shows that the existing administrative-territorial setup and functions that derive from the relevant legislation in Croatia do not match the needs of economic growth and development at the local level. The situation could be improved by a clarification in the responsibilities of the counties, the establishment of sound governance mechanisms, a local statistics base and the recognition of the development role of the urban centres.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133914046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Making Use of Prior Assessment Results 利用先前的评估结果
Local Economic and Employment Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1787/9789264044869-6-EN
Ville Valovirta
{"title":"Making Use of Prior Assessment Results","authors":"Ville Valovirta","doi":"10.1787/9789264044869-6-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264044869-6-EN","url":null,"abstract":"What difference a prior assessment can really make depends on various issues. At best it can bring about a better tailored and more coherent local development strategy, increase collective understanding about the means to attain goals and mobilise actors into contributing to the achievement of the goals. If it is not used properly, however, it might be a symbolic act with not much visible impact on how the local development policy evolves.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"65 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120838980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Higher Education, Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms and the Promotion of SME Innovation 高等教育、知识转移机制与促进中小企业创新
Local Economic and Employment Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1787/9789264044104-11-EN
E. Malecki
{"title":"Higher Education, Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms and the Promotion of SME Innovation","authors":"E. Malecki","doi":"10.1787/9789264044104-11-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264044104-11-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the question: How can higher education institutions (HEIs) promote innovation in the small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in their region? It assesses what we know from previous research about various mechanisms involved in the promotion of SME innovation by higher education institutions. A variety of mechanisms exist, including technology consultancy, technology transfer offices, contract research, science parks, incubators, technology centres, shared research equipment, educationindustry labour mobility, and technology training. However, existing linkages between higher education institutions and regional SMEs tend to work best when they are informal rather than formal, and thus the extent to which they are actually used is not precisely known. Recommendations for policy development in advanced (OECD) economies are suggested.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123153576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Sectoral Initiatives to Train Low-Qualified Incumbent Workers in the United States: Two Case Studies 美国培训低资格在职工人的部门倡议:两个案例研究
Local Economic and Employment Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1787/9789264012516-7-EN
R. Eberts
{"title":"Sectoral Initiatives to Train Low-Qualified Incumbent Workers in the United States: Two Case Studies","authors":"R. Eberts","doi":"10.1787/9789264012516-7-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264012516-7-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the use of partnerships between businesses and non-profit organisations to help upgrade the skills of lowqualified workers. Drawing upon case studies in Chicago and Milwaukee, the author contrasts the approaches and successes of workforce investment boards with non-government workforce intermediaries in order to draw lessons and recommendations.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123154146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Education and Training for the Low-skilled in Denmark 丹麦低技能工人的教育和培训
Local Economic and Employment Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1787/9789264012516-5-EN
M. Nørholm
{"title":"Education and Training for the Low-skilled in Denmark","authors":"M. Nørholm","doi":"10.1787/9789264012516-5-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264012516-5-EN","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter identifies the preconditions and characteristics of successful education and training initiatives targeting low-skilled workers. Drawing on case studies of three Danish enterprises, it illustrates the circumstances and modalities for introducing competence development strategies in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127228998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Entrepreneurship Education in the United States 美国的创业教育
Local Economic and Employment Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1787/9789264044104-6-EN
George T. Solomon
{"title":"Entrepreneurship Education in the United States","authors":"George T. Solomon","doi":"10.1787/9789264044104-6-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264044104-6-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The offering of small business management and entrepreneurship courses at both the two- and four-year college and university levels has grown in the United States in both number and diversity of content. This expansion of educational offerings has been fuelled in part by dissatisfaction, voiced by students and accreditation bodies, with the traditional Fortune 500 focus of business education (Solomon and Fernald, 1991). The issue is not that demand is high but that the pedagogy selected should meet the new innovative and creative mindset of students. The challenge to educators will be to craft courses, programmes and major fields of study that meet the rigors of academia while keeping a reality-based focus and entrepreneurial climate in the learning environment. Entrepreneurship is an ongoing process requiring a myriad of talents, skills and knowledge that lead to unique pedagogies capable of stimulating and imparting knowledge simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":143465,"journal":{"name":"Local Economic and Employment Development","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122024448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
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