Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)最新文献

{"title":"Vlasov model for the impedance of a rod-pinch diode","authors":"P. Ottinger, J. Schumer, S. Strasburg, S. Swanekamp, B. Oliver","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277977","url":null,"abstract":"The rod-pinch diode [(R.A. Mahaffrey et al., 1978), (G. Cooperstein et al., 2001)] is a cylindrical, pinched-beam diode being developed as a radiography source [R.J. Commisso et al., 2002]. The diode consists of a small radius anode rod extending through the hole of an annular cathode. The diode has been operated at 1 to 5 MV with an impedance of 20 to 50 /spl Omega/, a FWHM pulse width of 20 to 50 ns, and an anode radius as small as 0.25 cm [(R.A. Mahaffrey et al., 1978), (G. Cooperstein et al., 2001), (R.J. Commisso et al., 2002)]. The diode is designed to run at critical current so that electrons emitted from the cathode flow axially along the anode rod and pinch radially onto the rod tip. Typically, ion emission from the anode is required for propagation of the pinch along the rod. Without ions, the pinch would occur on the anode rod just downstream of the cathode disk. In order to assure that a given diode will be properly designed to run at critical current requires a detailed knowledge of the diode impedance characteristics. Initially, a laminar flow model [B.V. Oliver et al., 2001] was developed to describe the rod-pinch diode. Although this model provides considerable insight into diode operation, PIC simulations show that the electron flow is not laminar [G. Cooperstein et al., 2001]. The model of [B.V. Oliver et al., 2001] was extended to include transverse electron pressure in order to consider the effects of nonlaminar flow [P.F. Ottinger et al., 2002]. However, a form for the transverse pressure tensor is required to close the equation set in this model and only special forms of the pressure tensor are analytically tractable. Here, a Vlasov model for the diode electron flow is developed using an electron distribution function with properties that are well characterized and directly related to a rod-pinch diode. In this model, the pressure tensor is self-consistently derived.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127021153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of a compact, portable transmission line for pulsed-power applications","authors":"M. Joler, C. Christodoulou, E. Schamiloglu, J. Gaudet","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277704","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a computational approach to the research of designing high-power microwave systems as compact and portable units. We discuss the motivation to run a comprehensive computational study as an alternative to the, more common, experimental set-ups. We further elaborate on the differences between a physical set-up of the experiment vs. a computational model. The differences between the ideal theoretical settings and the current computer model are contrasted as well as the current challenges encompassing the computational modeling.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"45 4-5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116507528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The compressing of pulsed high current electron beams by lenses from HTSC for radiography","authors":"S. Korenev, A. Kalmykov","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277981","url":null,"abstract":"The method of compressing for electron beams using high temperature superconductors (HTSC) lenses for radiography is considered in the report. The effect of compressing for electron beam allows to decrease the diameter of electron beam ten times with the increase of power density 100 times. The concept of system for radiography on the basis of HTSC lenses for radiography is suggested.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121871360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction voltage adder architectures and electrical characteristics","authors":"I. Smith, P. Corcoran, V. Carboni, V. Bailey, H. Kishi, D.L. Johnson, J. Maenchenb, I. Molinab, R. Carlson, D. Fulton, K. Hahnc, J. Smith, D. Droemerd, K. Thomas, M. Phillips, S. Croxon, R. Forgan, I. Smith","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277731","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we use three different designs for induction voltage adders to be used in radiographic X-ray sources to illustrate the differences between possible IVA architectures, and between their electrical characteristics as these affect the radiographic diodes that the IVAs drive. The architectures are chosen considering the spaces in which the FVAs must fit, and the electrical characteristics are determined by the approaches chosen for the IVA electrical subsystems. We describe the status of the various IVA technologies. The IVAs, (RITS, the AWE HRF and URSA) are large systems with similar output parameters in the 12-16 MV range.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132704569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"100 kV capacitor development for fast Marx generators","authors":"R. Cooper, J. Ennis, W.J. Gratza, R. Miller, S. Lam, P. Sincerny","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277767","url":null,"abstract":"Fast Marx generators (FMG's) are being developed as an affordable approach to 50 MA PRS drivers and as options for upgrading existing pulse power drivers (e.g. Decade & Double-EAGLE). FMG designs conceptualized in a DTRA sponsored power flow study are based on the integration of new flat, wide capacitors coupled to rail gap switches. This results in a short Fast Marx stage discharge time ((LC)/sup 1/2/ < 300ns) and low stage impedance ((LC)/sup 1/2/ < 0.5Q) with high current capability (I/spl cong/250kA). General Atomics Energy Products developed a 1.35/spl mu/F, 100 kV, 2.6/spl times/24/spl times/38\" plastic case capacitor with rails terminals along each end for this application. Titan integrated two such capacitors with a rail gap switch to create a FMG stage. This configuration resulted in Marx stage inductance <100 nH. Prototype Marx's up to four stages have been successfully tested. This paper describes the FMG capacitor, its basic design and presents performance test data. Further developments to resolve manufacturing issues and to reduce cost are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133951572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear reactive circuits driven by magnetic flux compression generators","authors":"L. Altgilbers, Y. Tkach, T. Yatsenko, Y. Tkach","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1278000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1278000","url":null,"abstract":"Presently, generators of broadband microwave radiation, using spiral magnetocumulative generator (MCG) as the energy source, are under intensive investigation [A.V. Pashenko, et al., 1998; A.B. Prishchepenko, 1991]. In the majority of the existing designs, researchers are attempting to generate high-power radiation over the broad spectral range by directly connecting the MCG to an antenna or by using the helical coil of the MCG as the radiating element [A.B. Prishchepenko, 1991; A.B. Prishchepenko, et al., 1996]. These are called direct drive devices. It is understood that the efficiency of these devices is very low, which is attributed to the impossibility of matching the energy source, with output characteristics that change in time, with antenna sizes no greater than tens of centimeters and to the fact that the characteristic length of the MCG current pulse, driving the antenna, ranges from 10/sup -7/ to 10/sup -6/ s. In addition, the maximum amount of energy lies within the spectral range 10/sup 6/ - 10/sup 7/ Hz, which corresponds to wavelengths of 300 - 30 m. Since the effective length of the antenna for these devices comprises only a fraction of the wavelength of the driving oscillations, the radiation efficiency is very small. As a result, direct drive devices radiate relatively low powers and have virtually isotropic radiation patterns, which is unacceptable for a number of applications. These problems can be solved by several different methods. One of them is to design a modulator, operating over a broad frequency range, corresponding to a wavelength less than or close to the size of the transmitting antenna, for coupling energy from the MCG into the antenna. This kind of modulator would not only provide effective modulation of strong currents, generated by MCG, but also enrich the spectrum of the current fluctuations, by shifting the spectrum to higher frequencies [A.V. Pashenko, et al., 1998]. This paper considers one possible type of modulator and presents the results of computer simulations.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134126938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient magnetic flux density measurement results on a fuselage-like test setup and investigation of the effects of apertures","authors":"S. Sebo, R. Caldecott, O. Altay, L. Schweickart, J. Horwath, L. Walko","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277803","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of susceptibility of airborne equipment to high transient magnetic fields was conducted in a high current- and in a high voltage laboratory. Metal test cylinders were subjected to current impulses, up to 15 kA, simulating high surge currents, representing directed energy applications or lightning strokes. The cylinder used in the high current laboratory is made of aluminum and is representative in size and construction of an aircraft fuselage. Surge current measurements, dB/dt measurements outside and inside the test cylinders (B is the magnetic flux density), and the measured effects of apertures (open or closed) are described in the paper.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134295307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of a low energy pulsed electron beam extraction system","authors":"P. Chalise, M. Watanabe, A. Okino, E. Hotta, K. Ko","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277709","url":null,"abstract":"A pulsed low energy (<100 keV) large cross-section ion induced secondary emission electron gun has been developed to decompose gaseous pollutants such as NOx. The emitted electron beam has been extracted through a thin foil supported by an aluminum honeycomb (depth 8 mm and area 64.5 cm/sup 2/) that serves as a partition between electron gun and atmospheric pressure processing chamber. In this paper, we report a design and construction of a robust electron window as well as performance of two commercial polymer foils (SiO/sub 2/ coated polyethylene and aluminum coated Mylar) as a window material. The performance of these polymer foils are compared with conventional aluminum foil in terms of various extraction mechanisms such as energy deposition, electron transmission, mechanical and thermal loadings etc. Both the polymer foils have been judged to be consistent with mechanical requirements but aluminum coated Mylar window showed high electron transmission (78%) comparing to SiO/sub 2/ coated polyethylene (64%) and aluminum (45%) window of same thickness (12 /spl mu/m) at 100 kV. The improved current transmission through the new window enhances the electrical efficiency of the electron gun up to 58.7% (from 33%).","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134484869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small sized MFCG for driving a high impedance load","authors":"J. Hernandez, A. Neuber, J. Dickens, M. Kristiansen","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277995","url":null,"abstract":"End-initiated small volume magnetic flux compression generators (MFCG) have at least one order of magnitude higher energy density (by weight or volume) than capacitive energy storage with similar discharge time characteristics. Since the prime energy is built into the MFCG in form of HE, the capacitor looses even more ground if the necessary prime energy source and the charging supply are included in the weight/volume balance. However, simple MFCGs with a single helix produce high output energy only into low inductance loads, thus producing several 100 kA of current at a voltage level of only a few 10 kV. Many pulsed power devices require less current but a considerably higher voltage level. Two approaches for achieving a higher output voltage level, both utilizing two staged MFCGs, have been reported in the open literature. The first employs a more traditional transformer coupling; the second relies on a dynamic transformer or flux-trapping scheme. Although the traditional transformer coupling has theoretically the better efficiency, we chose the latter approach for our generator design, mostly since it requires a smaller number of components. Our generator has a total length of 250 mm, a helix inner diameter of 51 mm, and is wound with Teflon insulated stranded wire of different sizes in the range from AWG 12 to AWG 22. We have presently achieved an energy gain of /spl sim/ 8 and will discuss the generator performance based on experimental current/voltage waveforms.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116059319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial activation and operation of the power conditioning system for the national ignition facility","authors":"M. Newton, R.E. Kamni, E. Fulkerson, S. Hulsey, N. Lao, G. Parrish, D. Pendleton, D. Petersen, M. Polk, J. Tuck, G. Ullery, W. Moore","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277668","url":null,"abstract":"The National Ignition Facility (NIF) Power Conditioning System (PCS) is a modular capacitive energy storage system that will be capable of storing nearly 400 MJ of electrical energy and delivering that energy to the nearly 8000 flashlamps in the NIF laser. The first sixteen modules of the power conditioning system have been built, tested and installed. Activation of the first nine power conditioning modules has been completed and commissioning of the first \"bundle\" of laser beamlines has begun. This paper will provide an overview of the power conditioning system design and describe the status and results of initial testing and activation of the first \"bundle\" of power conditioning modules.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115484932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}