Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)最新文献

{"title":"Operation of 20 Hz Marx generators on a common electrolytic load in an electroporation chamber","authors":"C. Schultheiß, M. Sack, H. Bluhm, H. Mayer, M. Kern, W. Lutz","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277798","url":null,"abstract":"Electroporation of a large amount of biological material is subject of an industrial development project with the goals to save energy and to avoid disadvantages coming up with thermal cell denaturation. Electroporation takes place in a water-fruit suspension with embedded electrodes. Electric polarization effects are responsible for the formation of irreversible openings in the cell membranes. Pulsed high electric fields in the order of 10 kV/cm are produced by means of two 7-stage Marx generators (350 kV output voltage, pulse length 1.5 /spl mu/s, 2 GW, repetition rate 20 Hz). Due to the need of industrial-scale throughput it is necessary to operate several free running generators simultaneously being connected to one electroporation chamber. The paper describes the experiences obtained during development and testing of the device.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128853180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed 3-D/2-D simulation of an exploding foil opening switch","authors":"A. Majalee, V. R. Ikkurthi, P. Doiphode, S. Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1278067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1278067","url":null,"abstract":"We have performed simulations of exploding foil opening switches using a mixed 3-D/2-D code. The 2-D code determines the non-uniform distribution of current density through the foil arising out of geometric effects. The resulting non-uniformity in foil expansion is handled using a 3-D hydrocode.. The dependence of electrical resistivity of the foil material upon the specific internal energy has been determined by comparison with published experimental data for a simple foil geometry. This is then used to predict foil burst performance for other geometries. We find reasonably good agreement with experimental data, although certain deviations remain. We have also examined the sensitivity of these results to variations in geometry.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126789018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a dynamic spot size diagnostic for flash radiographic X-ray sources","authors":"S. Lutz, D. Droemer, D. Devore, D. Rovang, S. Portillo, J. Maenchen","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277691","url":null,"abstract":"There has been considerable work in recent years in the development of high-brightness, high-dose flash X-ray radiographic sources. Spot size is one of several parameters that helps characterize source performance and provides a figure of merit to assess the suitability of various sources to specific experimental requirements. Time-integrated spot-size measurements using radio-graphic film and a high-Z rolled-edge object have been used for several years with great success. The advanced radiographic technologies program thrust to improve diode performance requires extending both modeling and experimental measurements into the transient time domain. A new time resolved spot detector (TRSD) is under development to provide this information. In this paper we report the initial results of the performance of a 148-element scintillating fiber array that is fiber-optically coupled to a gated streak camera. Spatial and temporal resolution results are discussed and the data obtained from the Sandia national laboratories (SNL) RITS-3 (Radiographic Integrated Test Stand) accelerator are presented.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123004976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulse generator based on an inductive energy storage and a ferromagnetic opening switch with a resistive load","authors":"G. Rim, E. Pavlov","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1278065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1278065","url":null,"abstract":"Commutation of high energy stored in inductive energy storage system is a difficult task due to absence of reliable indestructible high power opening switches [Yu.N. Botcharov et al., June 1999; C.H. Stallings et al., June 2001; Yu. E. Adamyana et al., June 2001; G.H. Rim et al., July 7-14 2002]. This circumstance provokes research on various types of opening switches. This study presents some experimental results with a ferromagnetic opening switch (FOS), that consists of a toroidal ferromagnetic core and two orthogonal windings: One winding winds the outside of the core creating toroidal component B/sub /spl theta// of magnetic induction in the core. And the other is located inside the core generating poloidal component ?/sub /spl phi// in the core. Simultaneous presence of both magnetic components that are orthogonal demagnetizes the core fast and resulting in abrupt inductance increase, which is equivalent to an opening pulse-switch. Using a laboratory experimental set-up the possibility of FOS based on the idea is experimentally verified on a resistive load.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121135924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optically activated switches for low jitter pulsed power applications","authors":"F. Zutavern, J. C. Armijo, S. M. Cameron, G. J. Denison, J. Lehr, T. Luk, A. Mar, M. O’Malley, L. D. Roose, J. V. Rudd","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277780","url":null,"abstract":"Optically activated high voltage switches are commonly used in pulsed power systems for reliable low jitter, multichannel and multiswitch (low inductance) applications. In addition to low jitter switching, optical activation provides a high degree of electrical isolation between the triggering and switching power systems simplifying pulsed power design. The disadvantages of optical triggering for large-gap gas switches are the optical energy, line-of-sight optics, and system maintenance required to obtain reliable operation. This paper describes two technologies which can reduce or eliminate these disadvantages and provide more flexible optically activated switches for pulsed power systems. One approach is to reduce the optical trigger energy requirement for gas gap switches. Shorter optical pulses require less energy to initiate a plasma discharge. An experiment is being assembled to trigger a 50-100 kV gas gap switch with 120 fs wide optical pulses. Lower trigger energy has also been demonstrated by the introduction of metallic aerosols into a gas gap W. Frey (1997). The apparatus will be added to this experiment to reproduce these results and determine the optical energy and power density requirements over a range of wavelengths and pulse widths. The status of this experiment will be discussed. A second approach uses solid state switching in two configurations: (1) as the main switch and (2) as a trigger. High-gain photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) are practical for some direct pulsed power switching applications. We have demonstrated switching up to 220 kV and 8 kA. Higher power optically activated switching can be obtained by combining solid state and gas gap switching technologies. Multimegavolt (MMV) switches can be triggered with fiber-optically triggered, remotely located PCSS. By placing the compact PCSS trigger extremely close to the trigger point, reliable, low-jitter, high power switching is achieved with low energy fiber-optic trigger systems that can easily be controlled and adjusted from a remote control center. Power for the trigger system can be derived from the electrical fields near the trigger, so all electrical cables to the trigger system are eliminated and replaced with 100 micron diameter fibers that trigger and monitor the operation of the system. Results from experiments with PCSS triggered gas gap switches and the design for a PCSS triggered multimegavolt switch will be reported. PCSS switching properties including new picosecond pulse results and fabrication procedures for improved longevity will also be described. A 120 fs wide 780 nm laser pulse was used to radiate THz bandwidth pulses with a GaAs PCSS operating in the linear mode. New approaches for PCSS contact fabrication are being developed and tested to simplify the growth procedure, increase the current per filament capability, and improve device longevity. Progress continues to make PCSS a more useful component for pulsed power applications.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121690630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The STLT-an ultra-wideband high-ratio pulse transformer","authors":"R. Buckles","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277720","url":null,"abstract":"The series transmission line transformer (STLT) heralds from six decades ago, recasting transmission line technology with enabling qualities. Functionally similar to broadband Guanella-type transmission line transformers, the STLT dramatically simplifies the physical complexity and can be scaled to a vast range of size or power. The modular construction allows for a high impedance ratio, with 1000:1 easily realizable. Properly constructed, the STLT performance is limited only by the constraints of the transmission line. We present here the generalized construction of any STLT, performance data of various prototypes, and demonstrate one particular embodiment in a printed circuit package, scaled for driving electro-optical devices. Specifications are: 50-ohm to 3.125-ohm impedance ratio (16:1), 14-kV maximum voltage, 100-ps step response (rise time), and 1-inch square dimension.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121531453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power flow in a 7-cavity fast-rise LTD system","authors":"D. Rose, D. Welch, B. Oliver, J. Maenchen, D. Rovang, D.L. Johnson, A. Kim, B. Kovalchuk","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277941","url":null,"abstract":"Particle-in-cell simulations of a seven-cavity linear transformer device system are carried out to assess, in part, the evolution of the electron power flow in negative polarity and the impact of this flow on the operation of the system with simple large-area hollow electron beam diode loads.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122529876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of the inverse z-pinch dynamics","authors":"V. Makhina, A. Esaulov, B. Bauer, R. Siemon, R. Presura, V. Sotnikov, I. Paraschiv, I. Lindemuth, R. Kirkpatrick, P. Sheehey, D. Ryutov","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277661","url":null,"abstract":"The two-dimensional MHD numerical simulation MHRDR has been applied to develop and investigate a new possible fusion scheme, and design experiments to test it. The confinement of magnetized high-beta plasma directly by material walls holds considerable promise for fusion. An interesting prospective Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) target plasma is the cylindrical inverse pinch, which is, in theory, an MHD-stable, self-organized plasma. An inverse pinch consists of coaxial, metal, current-carrying cylinders with plasma between them. Important insight into this plasma has been obtained using the MHRDR simulation. First, simulations observe that interchange m=0 modes rearrange the plasma into a pressure profile that is stable to m=0 (the Kadomtsev stable profile). Such plasma self-organization is very encouraging for the development of a robust practical device, since the pressure profile does not have to be created in a very particular manner to satisfy the Kadomtsev criterion. Second, the plasma beta can be adjusted by using an initial bias current on the central conductor to magnetize the gas before it is ionized. In this way, the plasma beta can be kept below 40%, so that, according to theory, the troublesome m=1 mode is also stabilized. (The r-z MHRDR code does not analyze the three-dimensional kink motion.) Although the convection associated with self-organization enhances thermal transport, the kinetic energy of turbulent motion is small compared to the thermal energy, and the energy transport is globally Bohm-like, which is acceptable for MTF. The MHRDR modeling is guiding the design of an experiment on the 2-TW Zebra z-pinch at UNR to test the inverse-pinch concept. For the parameters of the designed experiment, MHRDR simulations predict the 2-MV, 1-MA Marx generator will produce a deuterium plasma with B/spl sim/4T, n/spl sim/10/sup 22/m/sup -3/, T/spl sim/300 eV, and a lifetime of 10-50 microseconds. Understanding of the energy transport in this simple wall-confined plasma will increase confidence in the design of eventual integrated liner-on-plasma experiments.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122532291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implosion dynamics of multi-material on the S-300 pulsed power generator","authors":"A. Chernenko, V. Smirnov, A. Kingsep, Y. Kalinin, Liao Zhenghong, Huang Xinsheng, Y. Bakshaev, A. Bartov, P. Blinov, R. Chikin, S. Dan’ko, L. Dubas, A. V. Korel’sky, V.D. Korelev, E. V. Kravchenco, V. Mizhiritsky, A. Shashkov, V. Shchagin, G. Ustroev, Feng Shuping, G. Cun, Jiang Shilun, Ning Cheng, Peng Xianjue, Song Fengjun, Xu Rongkun, Xu Zeping, Yan Chengli, Yang Jianlun, Y. Libing, E. Grabovsky, S. Nedoseev","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277946","url":null,"abstract":"On \"S-300\" generator (700 kV, 4 MA, 70 ns) at the Kurchatov Institute, the experimental studies with multi-material wire array units are carried on aimed at creating the powerful X-ray source. The development of new diagnostic methods would definitely contribute to attain new data, which could help in explanation of X-ray emission mechanism of imploding multi-wire arrays that has not well understood yet. The experimental study of soft X-ray emission of different wire sets, different in both mass and composition, has been carried on in the same geometry. One of the purposes of these experiments was investigation of the wire array chemical composition influence on the implosion dynamics and stability.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122916960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency results from a coaxial vircator using a simple feedback technique","authors":"J. Mankowski, X. Cheng, J. Dickens, M. Kritiansen, E. Choi","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277749","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental findings on the coaxial virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) at Texas Tech University are reported. A major modification to the system extended the pulse forming line several meters. The pulsed power system now delivers up to 750 kV and 60 kA for at least 70 nsec. Additional modifications include diagnostics to measure the diode voltage, current, and radiated field pattern of the output microwaves. In this initial phase of experiments copper reflectors were installed within the diode to provide a simple means of microwave feedback to assist in the e-beam modulation. Thus far we have observed microwave peak power output with feedback reflectors as high as 3.5 GW corresponding to an efficiency of /spl sim/9.5%. Measured radiated field patterns show evidence of multimode operation.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131406057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}