R. Sladek, E. Stoffels, R. Walraven, P.J.A. Tielbeek, R. Koolhoven
{"title":"Investigation of possibilities of plasma treatment for dental caries","authors":"R. Sladek, E. Stoffels, R. Walraven, P.J.A. Tielbeek, R. Koolhoven","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1278005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1278005","url":null,"abstract":"Much effort is invested in development of tissue-saving methods in dentistry. Cleaning and sterilization of infected tissue in a dental cavity or in a root channel can be accomplished using laser techniques, but in addition to being too expensive, lasers cannot perform superficial treatment of an irregular surface. Recently, a non-thermal atmospheric plasma has been developed and its interactions with living objects have been studied [E. Stoffels, 2002]. Plasma is an efficient source of various radicals, capable of bacterial decontamination, while it operates at room temperature and does not cause bulk destruction of the tissue. Plasma treatment is potentially a novel tissue-saving technique, allowing to clean irregular structures and narrow channels within the diseased tooth.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114937547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimised high voltage IGBTs for pulsed power applications","authors":"A. Golland, F. Wakeman, G. Li","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277676","url":null,"abstract":"A new range of high voltage Insulated Gate Bi-polar Transistors (IGBTs) is presented which have been optimised for pulsed power applications. The devices, rated for blocking voltages up to 5.2 kV, are based on punch through (PT) technology and have been optimised to maximise forward transconductance. This optimisation allows the device to operate at very high levels of pulsed collector current when compared to conventional IGBT technology. The design, construction and performance of a fully integrated five terminal switch assembly based on the abovementioned device is then discussed.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117141304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Status of 5 MW inductive storage facility at SOREQ NRC","authors":"A. Pokryvailo, I. Ziv, E. Shrivo","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277747","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory repetitive inductive storage power supply (IPS) for the ignition of an electrothermal chemical (ETC) gun is described. Eight years ago, it was designed for delivering to an ET load the energy of 500 kJ in a shot. This paper gives an updated status of this facility. The IPS is battery-based. Originally, the battery had a peak power of 5 MW and was able to charge a cylindrical coil to 700 kJ. The batteries degradation during the years was observed and documented. Fringe fields of Brooks-type coils with and without screens were analyzed. A conclusion is drawn that a screen of reasonable weight cannot reduce the stray field below a susceptibility level of electronic devices that should be shielded individually. A major facility improvement was in the field of switching. A compact hybrid repetitive opening switch (HOS) rated 50 kA, 7 kV was developed. This HOS can be used in long-charge inductive storage systems that look promising for many applications, such as uninterruptible power supplies, driving ET loads, protection of DC circuits, etc. The HOS design and testing is given in detail. The design limitations and trade-offs are discussed. A commercial vacuum circuit breaker serves as the first stage. It provides the high-current carrying capability during the inductor charge. At a desired moment, it is opened, and the current is transferred to the second stage comprising two gate commutated thyristors (GCTs) connected in series; they break the current during several microseconds. A pause of l-2 ms is provided for the vacuum breaker recovery. A novel approach allowing the enhancement of an order of magnitude of the turn-off capability of fully-controlled semiconductor devices was developed. It comprises the inverse current injection into the second stage assisted by a precisely timed gate turn-off. The main benefit of this technique is the reduction of the quantity of the semiconductor devices in the second stage.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116375161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonthermal plasma (NTP) applications to the environment: gaseous electronics and power conditioning","authors":"L. Rosocha","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277695","url":null,"abstract":"For nearly two decades, interest in gas-phase pollution control has greatly increased, arising from a greater respect for the environment, more attention to the effects of pollution, and a larger body of regulations and laws. Nonthermal plasma (NTP) technology shows promise for destroying pollutants in gas streams and cleaning contaminated surfaces, using plasma-generated reactive species (e.g., free radicals). NTPs can generate both oxidative and reductive radicals - showing promise for treating a variety of pollutants, sometimes simultaneously decomposing multiple species. In this paper, some applications of NTP processing for the environment, associated discharge physics and plasma chemistry, and power conditioning systems for driving the NTP reactors will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124633000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Scharnholz, R. Schneider, E. Spahn, A. Welleman, S. Gekenidis
{"title":"Investigation of IGBT-devices for pulsed power applications","authors":"S. Scharnholz, R. Schneider, E. Spahn, A. Welleman, S. Gekenidis","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277726","url":null,"abstract":"IGBT-switches from ABB Switzerland have been characterised at ISL with regard to civil and military pulsed power applications. The investigated devices are press-pack IGBT modules with a blocking voltage of 2.5 kV and a continuous current rating of 2 kA. Using capacitive energy storage systems the IGBT was investigated as closing switch with the objective of generating short current pulses with high amplitudes, as they are e. g. required for driving a high power microwave (HPM) source. Inductive energy storage systems have a higher energy density than capacitive systems. The drawback, however, is the need of opening switches in order to commutate the current into the load. For such a system we investigated the turn-off behaviour of the IGBT. The experiments show that the IGBT modules used are capable to generate 12 kA pulses with switching times below one microsecond. Investigating the IGBT as opening switch in an inductive storage circuit has proved its superiority over comparable switching configurations using power MOSFETs. Comparing IGBT and MOSFET configurations with the same total die size and same on-state resistance and therefore same price allows to gain advantage from a much higher commutation voltage in case of the IGBT, which in turn allows for a much shorter commutation time.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124815779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low wire count loads","authors":"R. Terry, J. Apruzese","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277656","url":null,"abstract":"Energetic implosions, using two or three load wires to create a focused axial stagnation of dense wire cores amidst the assembled precursor plasma, are examined with respect to the trade between the implosion mass lost to precursor ablation and the mass or kinetic energy available at stagnation. The calculated kinetic energy at stagnation serves as measure for the output X-radiation.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127119969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Harjes, J. Elizondo, K. Struve, L. Bennett, D. Johnson, B. Shoup
{"title":"Circuit modeling for ZR","authors":"C. Harjes, J. Elizondo, K. Struve, L. Bennett, D. Johnson, B. Shoup","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277960","url":null,"abstract":"In the Z Refurbishment (ZR) project, the capabilities of the Z accelerator is expanded [D. H. McDaniel et al., June 2002]. Most of the pulsed power hardware is being redesigned for operation with higher reliability, a greater shot rate, and increased pulse energy. The topology of the ZR pulsed power circuit is similar to that of Z with a few significant changes. The initial baseline circuit design for ZR was developed using Screamer [M. L. Kiefer and M. M. Widner, 1985] which has been the primary pulsed power circuit design tool employed at SNL for years. Screamer is, however, limited in the topologies it can simulate. For ZR there are several circuit features which cannot be modeled adequately in Screamer. The most significant of these is the need to allow for a high degree of independence in module firing times so that a prescribed temporally shaped pulse can be generated for isentropic compression experiments (ICE) [3]. For this reason, the baseline circuit design for ZR is now being developed using Bertha [W. N. Weseloh, 1989]. Bertha is a NRL developed T-line circuit simulation code that is not topology limited and runs fast. In this paper, a discussion of the circuit modeling strategy for the ZR project along with a discussion of the current status of the ZR baseline circuit model is presented.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127220039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrode-expansion MHD in a plasma-filled rod pinch","authors":"D. Mosher, J. Schumer, B. Weber, D. Ponce","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277761","url":null,"abstract":"The Gamble II plasma-filled rod pinch (PFRP) produces an order-of-magnitude higher x-ray dose and smaller FWHM source size than achieved with a vacuum rod pinch. Intense electron deposition at the tip produces a high-energy-density expanding-tungsten plasma, the bremsstrahlung from which creates a low-intensity halo around the source core that increases the effective source size for some applications. The plasma motion has been measured with a holographic interferometer. Using the distribution of electron deposition derived from line-spread measurements, the observations are compared with zero-and one-dimensional self-similar MHD modeling of the plasma motion. Results demonstrate that magnetic-field and ohmic-heating effects during electron deposition are important to understanding PFRP dynamics.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128902568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Petichakis, R. A. Stuart, A. Al-Shamma'a, J. Lucas
{"title":"Computational method for the dispersion relation of a pulsed Cerenkov free electron maser system","authors":"C. Petichakis, R. A. Stuart, A. Al-Shamma'a, J. Lucas","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277923","url":null,"abstract":"We have constructed a Cerenkov maser oscillator designed to operate at 16.9 GHz with a solid electron beam accelerated to 70 kV, using an alumina tube, fitted into a copper pipe. The measurements of the dispersion curves for such a cavity of various dielectrically loaded structures are presented. A method for calculating efficiently the dispersion curve of a cylindrical Cerenkov free electron device having a small gap between the dielectric liner and the waveguide wall is also described. In any practical realisation, such a gap cannot be avoided and the results obtained here indicate that the dispersion curve can be very sensitive to its thickness.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130705790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of pulse power thyristor thermal variations","authors":"M. G. Hoffman, J. Dickens, M. Giesselmann","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277679","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study of temperature variations in a Pulse Power Thyristor (PPT) during and after discharge. The PPT studied was the SPT411BHT. The SPT411BHT is a 5000 V, 4600 A, 125 mm thyristor made by Silicon Power Corporation. In order to determine the temperature of the PPT silicon, a 125 mm diode with identical thermal properties is placed in series with the PPT. There is a strict relationship between the forward voltage and the silicon temperature of the diode. Measurement of the forward voltage of the diode before and after discharge will accurately predict the temperature increase of the silicon. Peak discharge currents will be varied from 30 kA to 90 kA. The forward voltage measurement circuit must be able to resolve millivolts in the presence of common mode voltages in excess of 2 kV. Also, the circuit must isolate the measurement equipment from the circuit. This paper will discuss the temperature measurement concept as well as the design details of the circuit used to measure the diode forward voltage.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127856034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}