S. Rosenthal, J. Elizondo, J. Maenchen, K. Struve, D. Mcdaniel, J. Corley, D.L. Johnson, B. Oliver
{"title":"Modeling 6 MV gas switches for the ZR accelerator","authors":"S. Rosenthal, J. Elizondo, J. Maenchen, K. Struve, D. Mcdaniel, J. Corley, D.L. Johnson, B. Oliver","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277683","url":null,"abstract":"The \"rimfire\", or \"cascade\" gas switch Bloomquist, DD. et. al.,(1985), developed at Sandia National Laboratories, presently operates both in Hermes III (in oil with peak voltage of 2.5 MV) and in Z (in water at 4.8 MV). In the proposed ZR accelerator Struve, KW. et. al., (2001), pulse-compression section the switch needs to reliably function (less than 0.2 % probability of pre-fire, and /spl sim/2.5 ns jitter) at up to 5.5 MV, above any previous operation. We are studying appropriate design enhancements theoretically and in the laboratory Corley, JP. et. al., on Sandia's Advanced Pulsed Power Research Module (APPRM, 1 MA, 800-ns pulse).","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"36 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114060367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Industrial applications of pulsed wire discharge","authors":"W. Jiang, T. Suzuki, H. Suematsu, K. Yatsui","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277744","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed wire discharge (PWD) has potential applications in material synthesis and processing. We are developing PWD for material applications in two directions, 1) applying high-speed gas puff on PWD and 2) depositing metal thin films by PWD. In this paper, we have developed a high-speed gas puff device that is capable of generating instantaneous ambient gas pressure of 400 Torr around the wire with rising and falling time on the order of milliseconds. The effect of breakdown prevention by the gas puff is observed in nitrogen gas. Copper thin films were obtained by PWD in vacuum. Uniform films were obtained only when fast capacitor bank was used.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114544723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shishlov, R. Baksht, S. Chaikovsky, A. Fedunin, A. Labetsky, V. Oreshkin, A. Rousskikh, S. Shlykhtun, V. Kokshenev, N. Kurmaev, F. Fursov
{"title":"K-shell and recombination radiation of aluminum and neon z-pinches at long time implosion regime","authors":"A. Shishlov, R. Baksht, S. Chaikovsky, A. Fedunin, A. Labetsky, V. Oreshkin, A. Rousskikh, S. Shlykhtun, V. Kokshenev, N. Kurmaev, F. Fursov","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1278088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1278088","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical investigation shows that it may be advantageous to produce kilovolt x-ray radiation in Z-pinch plasma radiation sources using recombination radiation emitted from a lower atomic number plasma rather than K-shell radiation of higher atomic number elements. We carried out the experiments with aluminum and neon z-pinch plasma radiation sources on the GIT-12 generator (2.5 MA, 300 ns). All experiments were carried out in a long time implosion regime (/spl sim/300 ns). A shell- on-solid-fill double gas puff was used in the experiments with neon, and a gas-puff-on-wire-array load was employed in aluminum z-pinch experiments. Special attention was given to the measurements of K-shell and recombination radiation of neon and aluminum. The load parameters were varied to optimize radiation yield in kilovolt spectral range.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124751883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perveance and sheath plasma expansion characteristics in high power cylindrical diode","authors":"K. Y. Sung, W. Jeon, S. H. Chun, E. Choi, H. Uhm","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277980","url":null,"abstract":"Perveance and sheath plasma expansion characteristics for high power electron beams have been experimentally investigated in a cylindrical diode. An experimental scaling law for perveance in high power cylindrical diodes have been obtained in terms of anode-cathode (A-K) gap distance, d. It is found that the diode perveance in a high power cylindrical diode has a scaling law of /spl sim/d/sup -1.83/ in terms of the A-K gap distance, d, which is in close agreement with that of /spl sim/d/sup -2/ for infinite planar diode. It is also noted in high power cylindrical diode that the sheath plasma expansion speed is about 7 cm//spl mu/s at A-K gap distance of 4 mm, which is about two times faster than that in high power axial diode, in this experiment.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126802757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Goktas, A. Alacakir, G. Oke, A. Esendemir, İ. Yildiz, H. Kirkici, M. Udrea, J. Loureiro
{"title":"The electron beam and pinch effect characteristics of double discharge pulsed electron beam generator","authors":"H. Goktas, A. Alacakir, G. Oke, A. Esendemir, İ. Yildiz, H. Kirkici, M. Udrea, J. Loureiro","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277772","url":null,"abstract":"The double discharge pulsed electron beam generator (DDPEBG) is a device that generates an intense filamentary electron beam by superposing two discharges namely a low pressure DC glow discharge and a high current pulsed discharge. The characteristics of this electron beam are: small beam diameter (8 /spl mu/m), high peak current (20 A), and short pulse length (30 ns). The filling gas is helium, argon or nitrogen at approximately 0.1 Torr pressure, and the discharge chamber does not require a high vacuum system. The absence of a high vacuum system and the capability to generate ultra short, intense electron beams are the major advantages of this device and, might be useful in many applications. In this work, further results on operating characteristics of the DDPEBG, such as pinch effects and electron density measurements are given. The beam diameter is measured experimentally by utilizing the interaction of a single pulse with different metal foils targets. These foils are then examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the measured diameters are compared with the beam diameter values resulted from the pinch effect calculations of the filamentary discharge. The electron density is determined from the beam diameter and current intensity.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127046713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of the coaxial cable lengths for capacitor protection in the large capacitors banks","authors":"B. Fridman, A. Drozdov, V. Prokopenko, V. Vesnin","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1278026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1278026","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research into the possibility to use coaxial cable lengths for protection of capacitors in large capacitor banks are presented. The pulsed current value permissible for cable in normal operation is estimated in view of the strength of outer conductors under the action of electrodynamic forces. The motion of the outer conductors and cable sheath caused by electrodynamic forces arising in the emergency modes at capacitor breakdown was observed. The experiments revealed that the outer conductors disintegrate in the emergency modes because of overheating, softening and subsequent break of the outer conductors in the points of interlacing and electrical contacts between these conductors. It was found that the polyethylene sheath of the cable provides conditions for arc extinction and current interruption in emergency modes.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123392881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Altgilbers, S. Balevičius, N. Žurauskienė, V. Stankevič, P. Cimmperman, F. Anisimovas
{"title":"Hybrid superconducting-magnetic fault current limiter","authors":"L. Altgilbers, S. Balevičius, N. Žurauskienė, V. Stankevič, P. Cimmperman, F. Anisimovas","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277990","url":null,"abstract":"This limiter is intended to protect high-speed electronic circuits from subnanosecond duration high voltage transients. It operates at liquid nitrogen temperature and could be used in cryogenic electronic systems based on high-T/sub c/ superconducting devices. The device operates because of electric current induced switching from the superconducting state to the normal state and electric field induced resistance changes in manganite. The attenuation in high-speed transmission lines occurs, when, as the result of the action of a current pulse, the resistance of the superconducting Y/sub 1/Ba/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ strip, connected in series with the transmission line, increases, while the resistance of the manganite La/sub 0.67/Ca/sub 0.33/MnO/sub 3/ film, connected in parallel to this line, decreases. The attenuation achieved by such limiters exceeds 20-30 dB. In its non-attenuating regime, the bandwidth of the device could be up to 18 GHz.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121402690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Status of the diode research programme at AWE","authors":"J. O. Malley, J. Maenchen, G. Cooperstein","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1277653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1277653","url":null,"abstract":"A summary of the status of diode research at the UK Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) is presented. AWE has a requirement to develop intense (1000R at 1m), fast duration (50ns) Bremsstrahlung X-ray sources from small areas (<2mm diameter uniformly filled disc equivalent) at high peak energies (>10 MeV). These sources are required to provide high quality transmission radiographic images through thick (hundreds of grams/cm/sup 2/ of lead equivalent density /spl times/ thickness), high atomic number, explosively driven metal systems in a proposed new hydrodynamics research facility. In order to deliver such sources in a cost-effective manner an extensive research programme is being conducted at AWE to increase the current density at which high-energy electron beams can be focussed in electron beam diodes in such flash radiographic sources. The work on improvements to pulsed power facilities and diagnostics at AWE is described in terms of the development of high quality research facilities for high and low impedance diode development. In addition, an overview of the status and direction of research programmes at AWE to look at four diode technologies is presented. Those diode technologies are immersed Bz diode development, paraxial diode development and both self-magnetic and rod-pinch diode development.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114117821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of high power ultrasound for acoustic source applications","authors":"J. Mackersie, S. Macgregor, I. Timoshkin, L. Yang","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1278061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1278061","url":null,"abstract":"The detection and identification of undersea objects is achieved using acoustic pulses which travel long distances through water. The quality of the information obtained from a pulse improves with increasing signal strength and bandwidth. However the combination of high power and bandwidth is difficult to achieve from conventional, electromechanical acoustic sources. The desired characteristics can be achieved by the generation of high power ultrasound (HPU) using pulsed power technology. High-voltage pulses used to form a plasma channel during the breakdown of water produce acoustic shock waves of high power and frequency content. Work at the University of Strathclyde is currently underway to improve the understanding of the mechanism of HPU generation using pulsed power and thus allow the optimisation of the conversion of electrical energy into acoustic energy. The results of initial experiments to systematically generate and characterise high power acoustic pulses are presented. Analysis of the detected pulses, including wavelet time-frequency analysis is discussed.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121559213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semiconductor opening switches based on 4H-SIC p/sup +/p/sub o/n/sup +/-diodes","authors":"I. Grekhov, P. Ivanov, D. Khristyuk, S. Korotkov","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2003.1278089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2003.1278089","url":null,"abstract":"4H-SiC p/sup +/p/sub o/n/sup +/- and p/sup +/p/sub o/n/sup +/-type diodes have been fabricated and evaluated as opening switch devices which are known in Si to employ the effect of fast reverse current break after switching the diodes from forward to reverse bias conditions. The recovery properties of p/sup +/p/sub o/n/sup +/-diodes were found to be drastically differ from those of p/sup +/p/sub o/n/sup +/-type ones. In p/sup +/p/sub o/n/sup +/-diodes, recombination processes predetermine soft recovery behavior in a time of approximately 16 ns. In p/sup +/p/sub o/n/sup +/-type diodes, purely drift mechanism was found to be responsible, under proper conditions, for the very fast reverse current break in a time less than 1 ns. P/sup +/p/sub o/n/sup +/-diodes were utilized in a pulse generator, which was fabricated with an inductive energy storing unit. The rise time of 400-V pulses generated, about 3 ns, was found to be equal to the quarter of the oscillation period of the LC-tank consisting of 2-/spl mu/? storing inductance and 2-pF 4H-SiC diode capacitance. The possibility to construct 100-kV, 1-ns 4H-SiC pulse generators is considered.","PeriodicalId":143385,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37472)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126269591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}