{"title":"Boosting antitumor immunity in breast cancers: Potential of adjuvants, drugs, and nanocarriers.","authors":"Ping Chen, Lei Ren, Youwei Guo, Yan Sun","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2432499","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2432499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite advancements in breast cancer treatment, therapeutic resistance, and tumor recurrence continue to pose formidable challenges. Therefore, a deep knowledge of the intricate interplay between the tumor and the immune system is necessary. In the pursuit of combating breast cancer, the awakening of antitumor immunity has been proposed as a compelling avenue. Tumor stroma in breast cancers contains multiple stromal and immune cells that impact the resistance to therapy and also the expansion of malignant cells. Activating or repressing these stromal and immune cells, as well as their secretions can be proposed for exhausting resistance mechanisms and repressing tumor growth. NK cells and T lymphocytes are the prominent components of breast tumor immunity that can be triggered by adjuvants for eradicating malignant cells. However, stromal cells like endothelial and fibroblast cells, as well as some immune suppressive cells, consisting of premature myeloid cells, and some subsets of macrophages and CD4+ T lymphocytes, can dampen antitumor immunity in favor of breast tumor growth and therapy resistance. This review article aims to research the prospect of harnessing the power of drugs, adjuvants, and nanoparticles in awakening the immune reactions against breast malignant cells. By investigating the immunomodulatory properties of pharmacological agents and the synergistic effects of adjuvants, this review seeks to uncover the mechanisms through which antitumor immunity can be triggered. Moreover, the current review delineates the challenges and opportunities in the translational journey from bench to bedside.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"141-164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan-Jiao Chen, Cai-Tao Chen, Gabriel Shimizu Bassi, Yong-Qing Yang
{"title":"Asthma research in mice: An overview of current models and their methodological variability.","authors":"Yan-Jiao Chen, Cai-Tao Chen, Gabriel Shimizu Bassi, Yong-Qing Yang","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2431507","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2431507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies in murine experimental models have made significant contributions to the understanding of asthma pathophysiology and the discovery of innovative therapeutic approaches. Nonetheless, there is a plethora of options available for selecting mouse strains, sensitization methods, challenge routes and doses, as well as approaches to evaluating host response in murine asthma model protocols. Due to the diversity of models employed, comparing results across different studies proves exceedingly challenging. The study conducted a search of pertinent PubMed articles from 2022 to April 15th, 2024. After relevant publications had been selected, the characteristics of each study were extracted, including animal strains, animal sex, sensitization methods, challenge methods, and reported outcome measures. The modeling parameters of Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model, and House Dust Mite-induced asthma model were analyzed. Additionally, we extracted data on the dose of OVA sensitization, alum administration, challenge OVA dose, and alum/sensitization OVA ratio from seven included studies. Subsequently, we conducted an analysis to determine the correlation between each of these factors and the lung resistance index (RI). This study presents an overview of the current mouse asthma models, offering valuable methodological guidance for researchers. Furthermore, this study highlights that certain parameters like sensitization dose, challenge dose, and so on, exert specific effects on the asthma lung resistance. However, there is a lack of standardized criteria and guidelines in this regard. The effects and underlying mechanisms of parameters on asthma responses remain unclear, necessitating further investigation into model parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetiana Hourani, Amit Sharma, Rodney B Luwor, Adrian A Achuthan
{"title":"Transforming growth factor-β in tumor microenvironment: Understanding its impact on monocytes and macrophages for its targeting.","authors":"Tetiana Hourani, Amit Sharma, Rodney B Luwor, Adrian A Achuthan","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2411998","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2411998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>TGF-β is a pivotal cytokine that orchestrates various aspects of cancer progression, including tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted role of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in cancer biology, focusing on its intricate interactions with monocytes and macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We specifically discuss how TGF-β modulates monocyte and macrophage activities, leading to immunosuppression and tumor progression. We conclude with the current translational and clinical efforts targeting TGF-β, recognizing the promising role of this strategy in immunooncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"82-97"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-inventing traditional aluminum-based adjuvants: Insight into a century of advancements.","authors":"Himanshu Gogoi, Rajesh Mani, Rakesh Bhatnagar","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2404095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2404095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminum salt-based adjuvants like alum, alhydrogel and Adju-Phos are by far the most favored clinically approved vaccine adjuvants. They have demonstrated excellent safety profile and currently used in vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, anthrax etc. These vaccinations cause minimal side effects like local inflammation at the injection site. Aluminum salt-based adjuvants primarily stimulate CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and B cell mediated Th2 immune response leading to generate a robust antibody response. In this review article, we have compiled the role of physio-chemical role of the two commonly used aluminum salt-based adjuvants alhydrogel and Adju-Phos, and the effect of surface properties, buffer composition, and adjuvant dosage on the immune response. After being studied for almost a century, researchers have come up with various mechanism by which these aluminum adjuvants activate the immune system. Firstly, we have covered the initial works of Glenny and his \"repository effect\" which paved the work for his successors to explore the involvement of cytokines, chemokines, recruitment of innate immune cells, enhanced antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells, and formation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex in mediating the immune response. It has been reported that aluminum adjuvants activate multiple immunological pathways which synergistically activates the immune system. We later discuss the recent developments in nanotechnology-based preparations of next generation aluminum based adjuvants which has enabled precise size control and morphology of the traditional aluminum adjuvants thereby manipulating the immune response as per our desire.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"58-81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An insight into COVID-19 host immunity at single-cell resolution.","authors":"Supratim Ghosh, Ankita Chatterjee, Arindam Maitra","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2443420","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2443420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Host immunity helps the body to fight against COVID-19. Single-cell transcriptomics has provided the scope of investigating cellular and molecular underpinnings of host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection at high resolution. In this review, we have systematically described the virus-induced dysregulation of relative abundance as well as molecular behavior of each innate and adaptive immune cell type and cell state during COVID-19 infection and for different vaccinations, based on single-cell studies published in last three-four years. Identification and characterization of these disease-associated specific cell populations might help to design better, efficient, and targeted therapeutic avenues.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"180-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of PE family of proteins in mycobacterial virulence: Potential on anti-TB vaccine and drug design.","authors":"Priyanka Dahiya, Manoj Kumar Bisht, Sangita Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2025.2455161","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2025.2455161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophages are the primary targets of mycobacterial infection, which plays crucial roles both in nonspecific defence (innate immunity) as well as specific defence mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by secreting various cytokines, antimicrobial mediators and presenting antigens to T-cells. Sequencing of the mycobacterial genome revealed that 10% of its coding ability is devoted to the Pro-Glu motif-containing (PE) and Pro-Pro-Glu motif-containing (PPE) family proteins. While the function of most of the genes belonging to the PE-PPE family initially remained unannotated, recent studies have shown that many proteins of this family play critical roles in bacterial growth and cell functions, and manipulation of host immune responses, indicating their potential roles in mycobacterial virulence. In this review, we have focussed on describing the immunological importance of particularly the PE group of proteins in the context of 'virulence' determinants and outcome of tuberculosis disease. Additionally, we have discussed about the roles of these proteins on host-pathogen-interaction and how some of these genes can be targeted which may help us in designing effective anti-TB therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"213-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innate lymphoid cells, immune functional dynamics, epithelial parallels, and therapeutic frontiers in infections.","authors":"Wafa Nouari, Mourad Aribi","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2025.2490233","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2025.2490233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as pivotal players in the field of immunology, expanding our understanding of innate immunity beyond conventional paradigms. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted world of ILCs, beginning with their serendipitous discovery and traversing their ontogeny and heterogeneity. We explore the distinct subsets of ILCs unraveling their intriguing plasticity, which adds a layer of complexity to their functional repertoire. As we journey through the functional activities of ILCs, we address their role in immune responses against various infections, categorizing their interactions with helminthic parasites, bacterial pathogens, fungal infections, and viral invaders. Notably, this review offers a detailed examination of ILCs in the context of specific infections, such as <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i>, <i>Clostridium difficile</i>, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>, <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Influenza virus</i>, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This selection aimed for a comprehensive exploration of ILCs in various infectious contexts, opting for microorganisms based on extensive research findings rather than considerations of virulence or emergence. Furthermore, we raise intriguing questions about the potential immune functional resemblances between ILCs and epithelial cells, shedding light on their interconnectedness within the mucosal microenvironment. The review culminates in a critical assessment of the therapeutic prospects of targeting ILCs during infection, emphasizing their promise as novel immunotherapeutic targets. Nevertheless, due to their recent discovery and evolving understanding, effectively manipulating ILCs is challenging. Ensuring specificity and safety while evaluating long-term effects in clinical settings will be crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"245-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lai Wang, Jiao Jiang, Haoyuan Yin, Xiaoke Wang, Qilin Li, Hongyang Li, Junhui Wu, Qianjin Lu
{"title":"Solute carrier family 15 member 4, an emerging therapeutic target for systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Lai Wang, Jiao Jiang, Haoyuan Yin, Xiaoke Wang, Qilin Li, Hongyang Li, Junhui Wu, Qianjin Lu","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2025.2491644","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2025.2491644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease characterized by excessive production of type I interferons (IFNs) and autoantibodies with limited effective clinical treatments. Solute carrier family 15 member 4 (SLC15A4), a proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter, facilitates the transmembrane transport of L-histidine and some di- and tripeptides from the lysosome to the cytosol. A growing body of evidence has elucidated the critical role of SLC15A4 in pathogenesis and disease progression of SLE. Genome-wide association studies have identified SLC15A4 as a new susceptibility locus of SLE. Further mechanistical studies have demonstrated that SLC15A4 involves in the production of type I IFNs in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and its necessity in B cells for autoantibody production in lupus models. These studies strongly support the potential of SLC15A4 as a promising therapeutic target for SLE. This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the role of SLC15A4 in disease progression of SLE and the development of SLC15A4-targeted inhibitors as well as discuss its potential as a target for SLE treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"273-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: Mechanisms of activation, regulation, and role in diseases.","authors":"Mina Dadkhah, Mohammadreza Sharifi","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2415688","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2415688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of numerous stress signals, intracellular protein complexes are called inflammasomes. They function as catalysts for the proteolytic transformation of pro-interleukin into the active form of interleukin. Inflammasomes can promote a type of cell death process known as pyroptosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome, comprised of the NLRP3 protein, procaspase-1, and ASC, tightly regulates inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by a variety of stimuli, and several molecular and cellular events, such as ion influx, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, and lysosomal damage have been shown to trigger its activation. Inflammation plays a major role in almost all types of human diseases. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been the most widely studied and plays an important pathogenic role in various inflammatory pathologies. This review briefly presents the basic features of NLRP3 inflammasome and their mechanisms of activation and regulation. In addition, recent studies report the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in several diseases have been summarized.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"98-111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunometabolism in cancer: A journey into innate and adaptive cells.","authors":"Alexia Nedel Sant'Ana, Camila Kehl Dias, Sacha Krolow E Silva, Fabrício Figueiró","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2401353","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2401353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, mostly spanning the past decade, the concept of immunometabolism has ushered with a novel perspective on carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and tumor response to therapy. It has become clear that the metabolic state of immune cells plays a significant role in shaping their antitumor or protumor activities within the cancer microenvironment. Consequently, the examination of tumor metabolic heterogeneity, including an exploration of immunometabolism, proves indispensable for enhancing prognostic tools and advancing the quest for personalized treatments. Here we have delved into how metabolic reprogramming profoundly influences the acquisition and maintenance of functional states, spanning from effector and cytotoxic profiles to regulatory and immunosuppressive phenotypes in both innate and adaptive immunity. These alterations wield considerable influence over tumor evolution and affect the outcome of cancer. Furthermore, we explore some of the cellular signaling mechanisms that underpin the metabolic and phenotypic flexibility of immune cells in response to external stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"17-30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}