International journal of ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Chorion layer subretinal placement in amniotic membrane transplantation for retinal detachment.","authors":"Li Zhou, Ya-Li Liu, Wei-Fang Ma, Yu-Chuan Chen, Yu Li","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.24","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 9","pages":"1806-1808"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular epiretinal membrane in high myopia: timing and prognosis of pars plana vitrectomy surgery.","authors":"Yu-Tong Xia, Jia-Yun Ge, Zong-Chan Zhang, Li-Yue Zhang, Ying-Ying Wen, Ying Xie, Ye Shen, Jian-Ping Tong","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.10","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the outcomes and prognosis of macular epiretinal membrane (ERM) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with high myopia (HM), focusing on the optimal timing of surgery and its impact on prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data of 50 eyes from 49 patients diagnosed with ERM, who were highly myopic and underwent PPV were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with ERM were classified into five groups based on the characteristics associated with different levels of myopic traction maculopathy. Group 1: Simple ERM without complex vertical and tangential direction traction on retina on optical coherence tomography (OCT) image; Group 2: ERM with obvious macular foveal schisis, without macular hole (MH); Group 3: ERM with inner lamellar MH, with or without macular foveal schisis; Group 4: ERM with outer lamellar MH, with or without foveal retinal detachment (RD); Group 5: ERM with full-thickness MH. Baseline characteristics, changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after surgery, and anatomical characteristics through spectral domain OCT were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 50 eyes were followed for 6mo, with an average age of 58.66y and an average axial length (AL) of 28.69 mm. Among the five groups, postoperative logMAR BCVA improved (<i>P</i><0.05). Group 1 had better mean BCVA at baseline (0.59±0.36) and at 6mo postoperatively (0.16±0.22) compared to the other groups, while Group 5 had worse mean BCVA at baseline (1.68±0.45) and at 6mo postoperatively (1.27±0.64). There were no statistically significant differences in sex, age or AL between the groups (<i>P</i>>0.05). OCT showed that Groups 4 and 5 exhibited poorer macular anatomy compared to the other three groups, as evidenced by lower rates of central retinal reattachment (64.3% in Group 4, 86.7% in Group 5) and integrity of the inner segment/outer segment of photoreceptor junction (28.6% in Group 4, 26.7% in Group 5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPV is an effective treatment for ERM in patients with HM. All groups showed postoperative improvement in BCVA compared to preoperative levels, demonstrating the necessity of surgical intervention. Early intervention, particularly before the fourth stage of the disease, may lead to better visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 9","pages":"1689-1696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and presentations similar to multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in other disorders: a narrative review.","authors":"Zhen-Yu Liu, Hang Zhang, Xiu-Li Sun","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.20","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an inflammatory fundus disease primarily affecting the outer retina. It is characterized by transient yellow-white dots on the outer retina. Although the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, the progress in multimodal imaging (MMI) has enhanced our understanding of MEWDS. Most cases of MEWDS are idiopathic, lacking a definite cause, and can spontaneously recover; these are what we term classic MEWDS. Consequently, MEWDS is often referred to as the \"common cold of the retina\". Simultaneously, patients with other disorders may present with varying degrees of manifestations similar to MEWDS. The resemblance in clinical or imaging findings can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. These MEWDS - like presentations are actually caused by other systemic or ocular disorders with diverse mechanisms. Thus, they differ from classic MEWDS in certain aspects. Using the keywords \"MEWDS-like\" and \"Secondary MEWDS\", we searched for all relevant studies published in the PubMed database from January 2021 to January 2024. Subsequently, we retrospectively summarized the clinical and imaging characteristics of MEWDS, along with the manifestations in other diseases that resembled those of MEWDS, and compared classic MEWDS with these similar presentations. Based on our review, we classified such similar presentations under other conditions into two categories and summarized their features for differential diagnosis. We recommend paying close attention to patients suspected of having MEWDS, as there may be more serious systemic or ocular disorders that require prompt treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 9","pages":"1777-1789"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global trends in retinal vein occlusion studies from 2004 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Meng-Sha Sun, Hong-Ping Cui, Jian-Cen Tang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.18","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyse the research status and explore global trends in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Publications related to RVO from 2004 to 2023 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Variables including the number of publications, as well as countries, organizations, authors, journals, references and keywords were analysed using Bibliometrix-BilioShiny. Data visualization was performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4848 publications were retrieved, and generally, the number of publications showed an overall increasing trend with slight fluctuations over the past 20y. The country with the most publications was the United States. The journal with the most publications was <i>Retina</i>, and the most cited journal was <i>Ophthalmology</i>. The most prolific organization was the University of California, Los Angeles. The most productive author was Noma H, and the most cited author was Campochiaro PA. The top co-cited references mainly focused on the prevalence of RVO and the therapies used in clinical trials. According to the co-occurrence analysis, the keywords formed 3 clusters: 1) risk factors and pathogenesis of RVO, 2) treatments of RVO, and 3) imaging diagnosis of RVO. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments and artificial intelligence have recently become popular research topics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bibliometric analysis of the research status and trends of RVO could provide researchers and clinicians with valuable insights for further collaboration, future research directions, and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 9","pages":"1759-1769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel <i>ATOH7</i> mutation and structural characterization in families with optic nerve hypoplasia.","authors":"Muhammad Ikram Ullah, Rubina Dad, Zaira Rehman, Muhammad Shakil, Abdullah Alsrhani, Ayman Ali Mohammed Alameen, Heba Bassiony Ghanem, Emad Manni, Muhammad Umer Khan, Muhammad Atif","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.12","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To detect and segregate causative mutations in congenital families with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two unrelated consanguineous Pakistani families with severe ONH, showing features of micropthalmia, nystagmus, corneal opacity, and keratopathy were included. Genetic analysis was carried out by Target Panel Sequencing, and the nucleotide variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In silico analyses were carried out to study the protein order-disorder functions and their effects on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Target panel sequencing revealed that the afflicted family members carried a novel frameshift mutation (NM_145178.4; c.91del G; p.Gly31Glyfs*55) that ensued in the conservation of an amino acid residue in the bHLH domain of ATOH7 protein. <i>In silico</i> studies predicted that the activity of the <i>ATOH7</i> gene is probably affected by this mutation, which results in a shortened and non-functional protein. Three-dimensional structural analysis shows that DNA binding may be impacted by amino acid changes from non-polar to positively charged and <i>vice versa</i> (Arg42Pro and Pro18Arg), as well as from positively charged (Arg) to a small polar amino acid (Gly).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A novel <i>ATOH7</i> mutation is harmful. This study also emphasizes the potential effects of modified ATOH7 configurations on the stability and functionality of proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 9","pages":"1705-1712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens on Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width, retinal nerve fiber layer, and macular thickness.","authors":"Josefina Reñones, Humberto Carreras, Alfonso Antón-López, Ángel García-García, Rafael Melián, Juan Francisco Loro-Ferrer, David P Piñero","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.06","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess whether the implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens produces changes in optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of macular thickness (MT) and two parameters that define the structure of the optic nerve, the peripapillary nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nonrandomized prospective pre-post study included 86 eyes of 48 patients (age, 20-47y; axial length: 23.10-28.95 mm) scheduled for myopia or myopic astigmatism correction with implantation of the implantable collamer lens (ICL). Eyes with glaucoma or any other ocular disease that could alter OCT results were excluded. RNFL, BMO-MRW and MT were measured preoperatively, and at 1 and 6mo after surgery using spectral-domain OCT. Changes between preoperative and postoperative values were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant increase in BMO-MRW at 1mo (mean change: 3.48±15.07 µm, <i>P</i>=0.041). No significant changes were found during the rest of follow-up (1-6mo postop., <i>P</i>=0.623). There was also a significant increase in RNFL thickness at 1mo after surgery (1.45±2.18 µm, <i>P</i><0.001), but with a significant reduction from 1 to 6mo postoperatively (<i>P</i>=0.002). Regarding MT, it increased significantly at 1mo (2.46±3.76 µm, <i>P</i><0.001), with a significant decrease afterwards (<i>P</i>=0.048). Measurements of the three parameters at 6mo were slightly superior to preoperative values (<i>P</i><0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Minimal changes are induced in BMO-MRW, RNFL and MT after ICL implantation in healthy eyes, confirming the safety of the surgical procedure regarding the structure of the optic nerve head and the macula, and indicating that this phakic intraocular lens seems to have a slight impact on OCT measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 9","pages":"1658-1664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuproptosis-related signature and immune infiltration in age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Chen Li, Yi-Cheng Lu, Ming-Xuan Chen","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.04","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate cuproptosis-related molecular and immune infiltration in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) development and establish a predictive model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression profiles of cuproptosis-related genes and immune signature in AMD based on the microarray dataset GSE29801 were analyzed. A total of 142 AMD samples were used to identify the cuproptosis-related differentially expressed genes (Cu-DEGs), together with the immune cell infiltration. To further refine the list of potential genes for AMD diagnosis, three machine learning techniques were used, and an external dataset were applied for confirming the accuracy of the predictive performance. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were also performed to examine the level of mRNA of hub genes. The activated immune responses and Cu-DEGs were assessed between AMD and controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six genes, including <i>ATP7A</i>, <i>DBT</i>, <i>VEGFA</i>, <i>UBE2D3</i>, <i>CP</i>, <i>SLC31A1</i>, were screened as cuproptosis-signature in AMD <i>via</i> three machine learning methods. Next, <i>SLC31A1</i> and <i>VEGFA</i> was selected as hub genes by performance evaluation in an external dataset GSE160011, further analysis showed that <i>SLC31A1</i> and <i>VEGFA</i> were associated with pathways related to immune signaling and immune function, which were then observed in relation to infiltrating immune cells. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of <i>SLC31A1</i> and <i>VEGFA</i> were significantly higher in laser induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) group than in control group detected by RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, the possible relationship between cuproptosis and AMD is expounded systematically. A predictive model is developed to assess the risk of cuproptosis-related genes and their clinical prognostic value in AMD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 9","pages":"1640-1649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application prospect of large language model represented by ChatGPT in ophthalmology.","authors":"Ji-Fa Kuang, Jing-Hui Wang, Ming-Bing Zeng, Fei-Lan Chen, Wen-Bin Huang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.21","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ChatGPT technology based on large language models (LLM) shows great potential in improving the quality of medical care, assisting clinical decision making and optimizing patient communication. The role of ChatGPT in ophthalmology is still in its infancy. This review aims to explore the application prospect of ChatGPT in ophthalmology. Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed, and the application prospects of LLM represented by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were summarized, including clinical assisted diagnosis, patient education and communication, history collection and text writing, clinical research, and medical education, <i>etc</i>. At the same time, the challenges and solutions faced by ChatGPT in ophthalmology were pointed out. Its safety, efficacy and ethics remain controversial in practical applications. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and research on its application to ensure safety and effectiveness. In the future, with the development of technology, ChatGPT is expected to play a greater role in ophthalmology and enhance the medical experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 9","pages":"1790-1796"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma following cataract surgery in diabetes: outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.","authors":"Hui-Ping Yao, Ya-Nuo Wang, Yan-Wei Chen, Sha Gao, Yi-Sheng Zhong, Xi Shen","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.07","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To present a case series of rapid-onset neovascular glaucoma (NVG) accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage (VH) following cataract surgery in diabetic patients, and to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective, single-center, consecutive case series. All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV with AGV implantation 2-3d after intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR). The minimum postoperative follow-up period lasted 12mo. The primary outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and topical hypotensive medications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen diabetic patients (age, 46-81y) with rapid-onset NVG and VH following uncomplicated phacoemulsification were included. The median time to the initial NVG diagnosis following cataract surgery was within 4wk. After PPV combined with AGV implantation, the mean BCVA (logMAR) improved from 1.9 (range: 1.0 to 2.6) preoperatively to 1.2 (range: 0.2 to 2.6) at the final follow-up. Baseline BCVA and the presence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) were significantly associated with the final BCVA in the multiple regression model. The mean postoperative IOP at all follow-up visits was significantly reduced compared to baseline. At the final follow-up, 9 patients required one or two topical ocular hypotensive medications, while the other 6 needed not. Success was achieved in 87%, and the reoperation rate was 20%. The majority of NVG cases (9/15) were primarily attributed to the rapid progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. However, a notable subset (6 eyes) was complicated retinal vein occlusion or carotid artery occlusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPV combined with AGV implantation after adjuvant IVR for rapid-onset NVG with VH following diabetic cataract surgery is one of the safe and effective treatments. Baseline BCVA and preexisting DN may be potential indicators for visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 9","pages":"1665-1672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual analysis of research trends in diabetes-associated dry eye <i>via</i> bibliometrics.","authors":"Zhe Yang, Jia-Yi Jiang, Xiao-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.16","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.09.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To provide a comprehensive review of the advances in research on diabetes-associated dry eye (DADE), highlighting its pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, and demographic characteristics, laying the foundation for further investigation into its pathogenesis and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systemic review of the documents related to DADE had been performed based on the Web of Science database prior to achieving the plain text files of authors, titles, journals, and abstracts which afterwards had been imported into Citespace and VOSviewer software for data cleansing. The visual analysis was implemented from the following aspects: journals' publications, author and national cooperation, keyword co-occurrence, timeline analysis, and burst detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 318 documents in 167 journals had been incorporated with the overall annual citations and annual publications respectively growing significantly since 2014 and 2016. The keyword co-occurrence networks formed 4 clusters, with the representative keywords being dry eye, diabetes mellitus, prevalence, and diabetic retinopathy. Both the timeline map and the burst detection demonstrated that in the exploration of the pathogenesis of DADE, initial research was dedicated to Sjögren's syndrome, followed by cross-sectional statistical analysis of the pertinent contributing factors of DADE using online databases. Precisely the oxidative stress seemed to surge into the research spotlight presently. The key pathogenic mechanisms of DADE include inflammation, oxidative stress and corneal neuropathy, contributing to the development of dry eye symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age, gender, diabetes duration, and diabetic retinopathy are strongly associated with the development of DADE, but the impact of other systemic factors require further investigation. With high prevalence of dry eye in Asia, valuable resources like the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database offer crucial data for developing risk prediction models for DADE. Building risk prediction models using machine learning algorithms is a promising future research direction, enabling physicians to identify high-risk individuals and implement early interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 9","pages":"1737-1746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}