International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid最新文献

{"title":"An adaptive control method for room air conditioners based on application scene identification and user preference prediction","authors":"Haomin Cao ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zeng ,&nbsp;Dawei Zhuang ,&nbsp;Guoliang Ding ,&nbsp;Yanpo Shao ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenduan Qi ,&nbsp;Xiong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Room air conditioners are widely used to control indoor air parameters to user preferred values for thermal comfort, but the existing control methods might be uncomfortable due to changeable user preferences or be high-cost due to physiological sensors. The purpose of this study is to develop an adaptive control method for room air conditioners at a low cost. The basic idea is to adopt data mining of operating parameters instead of monitoring by physiological sensors, and the key technology is the control of compressor frequency and indoor unit fan speed based on the application scene of the room air conditioner and the user preferred values of indoor air parameters. During the use of the room air conditioner, the application scene is identified by comparing the probabilities of the room air conditioner being in the sleep scene, work scene, or leisure scene, and the user preferred values are predicted by correcting the group preferred values of users in the same city with the setting records of the user. To ensure the reliability of the control method, the accuracy of application scene identification, user preference prediction, and adaptive control is validated by the data collected from the room air conditioners used in the cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian, Wuhan, Chongqing, and Haikou. It is shown that the accuracy of application scene identification, user preferred air temperature prediction and user preferred air velocity prediction is 79 %, 88 %, and 94 %, respectively; indoor air temperatures can be controlled within ±0.5 °C of the set values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 138-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in low-temperature phase change materials for cold chain logistics","authors":"Xiang Yun Debbie Soo ,&nbsp;Pin Jin Ong ,&nbsp;Yee Kiat Zachary Lim ,&nbsp;Suxi Wang ,&nbsp;Warintorn Thitsartarn ,&nbsp;FuKe Wang ,&nbsp;Junhua Kong ,&nbsp;Rong Ji ,&nbsp;Nikodem Tomczak ,&nbsp;Beng Hoon Tan ,&nbsp;Pei Wang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Xu ,&nbsp;Xian Jun Loh ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globalization, expanding trade, and rising living standards have intensified the demand for cold chain logistics by requiring the preservation of unaltered product quality from production to final consumer use. In this regard, maintaining a strict temperature regime during transportation is imperative. Among the solutions, passive cooling using phase change materials (PCMs) has been an important technology for cold chain logistics, due to its reusability, portability, and energy and cost savings. Significant efforts have been directed toward addressing key issues of PCMs such as functionality across different temperature ranges, supercooling, phase separation, poor thermal conductivity, and leakage. We evaluate the recent developments in organic, inorganic, eutectic, and polymer-gel PCM technologies, including PCM properties and performance characterization methods. We also compare the advanced simulations and predictions of PCM performance with the performance of actual products. The insights gathered here will inform researchers on new PCM research avenues, technological strategies, and product formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 232-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on defrosting multi outdoor units in turn for air source heat pump using hot gas","authors":"Xiang Li,&nbsp;Guoyuan Ma,&nbsp;Tianyu Lu,&nbsp;Lei Gao,&nbsp;Weilai Rong,&nbsp;Yuexuan Gong,&nbsp;Shuxue Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the efficiency of air source heat pumps and eliminate the performance degradation caused by frost in winter, a hot gas bypass defrosting experimental platform was built and the hot gas bypass defrosting experiment under different outdoor temperature and different opening degree of hot gas bypass valve were carried out. The results showed that the defrosting of the heat pump evaporator can be completed well by adopting the hot gas bypass defrosting method without interrupting the heat pump heating. At outdoor temperatures of -10 °C, -5 °C and 0 °C, the most appropriate time for heat pump to activate hot gas bypass defrosting were 30 min, 40 min and 50 min, respectively. The corresponding peak value of average heating capacity were 7.96 kW, 10.16 kW, and 12.08 kW, and the heating <em>COP_C</em> values were 3.03, 3.56, and 4.19, respectively. The increase of bypass exhaust volume would shorten the defrosting time but also reduce the heating capacity of the heat pump during the defrosting process. Hence the optimum defrosting start time of the system is different with different bypass valve opening. For the system built by this paper, the 20 % bypass valve opening had the best performance in defrosting, and the optimal defrosting start time was 40 min, during which the average heating capacity and <em>COP_C</em> achieved peak values of 10.16 kW and 3.56, respectively. These results provide a reference for the defrosting design of air source heat pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 76-85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on output characteristics of valved linear compressor under different regulating valve openings","authors":"Ran Hu ,&nbsp;Xinquan Sha ,&nbsp;Shaoshuai Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Ding ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Jiang ,&nbsp;Deping Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valved linear compressor (VLC) plays a critical role in Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocoolers in liquid helium temperatures, with its performance influenced by various loads. To improve output characteristics, it is essential to study the relationship between the VLC and the load. In deep space applications, the JT orifice load is fixed, and takes time to achieve in low temperature. This paper presents a closed platform with a regulating valve to simulate JT loads in room temperature. Experiments are carried out to study the effects of stroke and frequency on the output characteristics of a single-stage VLC with different valve openings. The results show that increasing the valve opening reduces the load, increases mass flow rate and exergy efficiency, slightly decreases pressure ratio, and alters motor efficiency. Either increasing frequency or stroke enhances both the mass flow rate and pressure ratio. Under a load of 2-turn opening(Φ=1E-4 m), the stroke length increases from 0.002 m to 0.008 m, thereby causing the pressure ratio to exceed the reciprocal of the critical pressure ratio (1/λ*=2.04), suppressing growth rate of the mass flow rate from 44.7 % to 2.2 %. This suppression means the rest of the stroke can't play more functions, and it is attributed to choked state of the working medium, which can be identified by comparing experimental and theoretical mass flux values of the VLC. It also suggests that there exists a matching relationship between the compressor and the JT load, offering a basis for the compressor design and the match with JT orifice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 176-184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond static accuracy: Exploring the ideal temperature sensor for dynamic DCHE environments","authors":"Chanida Topakham,&nbsp;Atit Koonsrisuk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature and humidity measurements in desiccant-coated heat exchangers (DCHEs) face unique challenges due to rapid transitions between operating modes and varying thermal conditions. The dynamic nature of DCHE operation requires a more comprehensive evaluation of sensor performance. This study evaluates three temperature sensors (K-type thermocouple, PT100, and DS18B20) within a temperature range of 23 °C to 60 °C. Our methodology combined calibration accuracy analysis, dynamic response evaluation through time constant measurements, and uncertainty quantification in actual DCHE operating conditions. Results revealed that while the PT100 sensor showed superior static accuracy, the DS18B20 demonstrated better performance in dynamic conditions, exhibiting the shortest time constant (70–80 s) and lowest uncertainty in humidity measurements (±1 % in dehumidification mode). Our analysis establishes guidelines for handling sensor readings during mode transitions and determines optimal calibration requirements for each sensor type. These findings provide crucial insights for more reliable temperature and humidity measurements in dynamic thermal environments. The results establish new criteria for sensor selection in DCHE applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 86-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformer-based approach to fault detection of chilled water systems: Insights from time and frequency domains","authors":"Jason Lin ,&nbsp;Wei-Zhe Tang ,&nbsp;Chia-Wei Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The maintenance of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment is a critical research area, particularly for anomaly detection and diagnosis in chilled water systems. While numerous methods have been proposed to achieve satisfactory detection and false alarm rates, their effectiveness in real-world environments remains limited due to challenges such as difficulty in detecting unseen anomalies, reliance on large amounts of anomalous data, and lack of adaptability to different parameter settings. To address these issues, this study focuses on identifying anomalous data by analyzing the normal operations of chilled water systems and examining their characteristics in the frequency domain over both short- and long-term periods. Based on this analysis, two distinct anomaly detection schemes are proposed: a low-frequency detection (LFD) method, which focuses on low-frequency data, and a frequency-domain segmentation detection (FDSD) method, which separately considers high- and low-frequency components. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed LFD and FDSD comprehensively integrate both time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics while determining anomaly detection thresholds without requiring anomalous data. Experimental evaluations on the ASHRAE RP-1043 dataset demonstrate that FDSD achieves a detection rate of over 90 % under varying background conditions for subtle anomalies that are typically difficult to detect. Compared to FDSD, LFD achieves a satisfactory detection rate of over 80 % while offering advantages such as shorter training time and lower model complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-efficient chilling and storage of beef using slurry ice: Assessing of chilling efficiency and quality changes","authors":"Yue Qiu,&nbsp;Jixuan Song,&nbsp;Baofang Zhang,&nbsp;Junxiong Lu,&nbsp;Yuting Ding,&nbsp;Xuxia Zhou,&nbsp;Fei Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigated the impact of slurry ice (SI) at -1.5 °C (SI1) and -2.5 °C (SI2) on chilling efficiency, quality of beef and energy consumption during chilling and subsequent 24-day storage, in comparison with conventional 4 °C refrigeration (RF) and 0 °C crushed ice (CI) treatments. SI2 achieved a central temperature reduction to 0 °C in beef within a 5-hour period, adhering to the standards for very fast chilling. The chilling rates of SI2 surpassed those of RF and CI by 939.82 % and 595.34 %, respectively. Beef treated with SI1 and SI2 exhibited superior microbial safety, with the total viable counts remaining below 5 log CFU/g, and 1.5–2 log CFU/g lower than those in the RF and CI groups by day 24. SI also significantly slowed the deterioration of beef quality by maintaining lower levels of total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid values, peroxide values and carbonyl contents compared to the RF and CI treatments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Notably, SI did not significantly improve water-holding capacity, and cold shortening with reduced tenderness was observed in some samples. Furthermore, SI achieved a reduction in energy consumption of approximately 24.7 % and 80.1 % compared to the RF and CI, respectively. These results suggest that slurry ice, particularly at -2.5 °C, may serve as an energy-efficient chilling and preservation technology for chilled beef, extending shelf life and improving quality retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metro train air conditioning system fault diagnosis method based on explainable artificial intelligence: Considering interpretability and generalization","authors":"Minhui Jiang,&nbsp;Huanxin Chen,&nbsp;Chuang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the existing air conditioning system fault diagnosis methods adopt black box models, which lack transparency and interpretability. Given the high-speed, enclosed nature of metro train environments, the requirements for trust and safety in metro train air conditioning fault diagnosis models are even more stringent than those for building. Therefore, this paper presents an interpretable and generalized method for fault diagnosis of metro train air-conditioning system. The importance of features is analyzed a priori, and the XGBoost-Shapely Additional Explanations (XGBoost-SHAP) method is used to explain the single fault diagnosis model. Then the trained single fault model is utilized to predict the simultaneous fault data, obtaining score values for various labels, and a binary classification model is established to differentiate single/simultaneous faults. Additionally, the model's generalization ability is improved by screening generalization features based on the geometric difference across operating conditions. The results show that the features with high contribution to three types of single faults are evaporator outlet enthalpy, condenser outlet air temperature and air flow rate. The scores of various tags for simultaneous faults differ from those for single faults, which is beneficial to the identification of suspicious simultaneous faults. After screening the generalized features, when the number of features is less than 10, the generalization performance of the model across operating conditions is better than other cases. Specifically, the average accuracy increases by 5.84 %, 8.38 %, and the average false alarm rate decreases by 10.22 %, 11.26 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 47-59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and classification optimization design of ultra-low temperature heat exchangers in dilution refrigerator using local thermal nonequilibrium model","authors":"Yian Lu ,&nbsp;Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Ya'nan Zhao ,&nbsp;Danyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dilution refrigeration is widely used in a variety of cutting-edge scientific fields such as quantum computations. The ultra-low temperature heat exchangers play a crucial role for the ultimate performance of dilution refrigerator. To study the classification optimization design of ultra-low temperature heat exchangers, an integrated local thermal nonequilibrium model have used. By considering the ultra-low temperature heat exchangers as an integrated unit consisting of a number of interconnected sub-modules, an optimized design study of the geometrical parameter configurations of continuous heat exchanger, three-stage step heat exchanger, and connecting tubes has been carried out. Using the optimized configuration for continuous heat exchanger with a length of 19 m, an inner tube diameter of 10 mm, and an outer tube diameter of 15 mm at a molar flow rate of 1.5 <span><math><mrow><mrow><mspace></mspace><mtext>mmol</mtext></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>, the classification optimization of step heat exchanger is carried out. By adjusting the ratio of the sintered volume to the whole sintered volume (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.15</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.3</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.55</mn></mrow></math></span>) and the ratio of concentrated heat transfer area to the total heat transfer area of this stage (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.35</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.4</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.45</mn></mrow></math></span>), the heat transfer efficiency of the three-stage step heat exchanger can be further improved without additional resources. And the impact of length and diameter of connecting tubes has also been discussed in this paper. This study provides quantitative guidance for the design of ultra-low temperature heat exchangers, which is important for improving the overall performance of dilution refrigerators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation research on the effect of magnetic field uniformity on a single-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator","authors":"Zhuo Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Ya'nan Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenshuai Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Li ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Long Yang ,&nbsp;Yian Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADR) are being widely used in space exploration projects and frontier scientific research fields. During the design process of ADR, the assumption of a uniform magnetic field is often used to determine the amount of magnetocaloric material and to predict the cooling capacity. However, the actual magnetic field produced by a superconducting magnet is usually non-uniform, and the non-uniformity inside the salt pill results in reduced cooling capacity. To investigate the impact of magnetic field non-uniformity on the performance of an ADR system by changing the length of the salt pill, a simulation model that incorporates both the superconducting magnet and salt pill is established. The model is verified by experiment with cooling power of 0.76 mW@1 K. Performance of the ADR with different cooling powers, different working temperatures and different pre-cooling temperatures are compared and analyzed. When the maximum magnetic flux density is 4 T, the cooling power is 0.7 mW, the initial temperature is 2.68 K and the working temperature is 1 K, the largest net cooling capacity of 5.39 J can be achieved corresponding to the length ratio of 1.1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}