International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid最新文献_第9页

Performance assessment of residential heat pumps operating in extreme cold climates using zeotropic mixtures 使用各向同性混合物对在极寒气候条件下运行的住宅热泵进行性能评估

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.018

Maria F.P. Mazer , Olivia C. da Rosa , Alexandre K. da Silva

{"title":"Performance assessment of residential heat pumps operating in extreme cold climates using zeotropic mixtures","authors":"Maria F.P. Mazer , Olivia C. da Rosa , Alexandre K. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extremely cold climates subject residential heat pumps to significant temperature differences between the heat source and the ambient being heated, which may lead to system failure and reduced compressor performance. The present study considers the possibility of improving the performance of heat pump systems that are simultaneously used for residential space and domestic water heating while subjected to climates varying from -25 °C to 5 °C by exploring the use of zeotropic mixtures. CO<sub>2</sub>-based binary mixtures composed of low-GWP (global warming potential) refrigerants are considered – R32, R1234yf, and R290 – aiming to benefit from environmentally friendly and flame suppressants characteristics of CO<sub>2</sub>, as well as the improved thermal efficiency granted by the addition of a secondary refrigerant. A thermodynamic model was developed for a standard vapor-compression heat pump cycle and used to maximize the coefficient of performance limited by the minimum pinch point in the heat exchangers. Our analysis explores the effect of several parameters, such as, the mixture components, mass fractions, space and water heating demands, and heat source temperature on the heat pump's performance. For cold climates, the mixture of R32 (90%)/CO<sub>2</sub> (10%) yields the highest COP and CO<sub>2</sub>-rich mixtures exhibit the lowest. However, by increasing the mass fraction of CO<sub>2</sub> within the zeotropic mixture, the pressure ratio of the heat pump was improved. When considering combined performance criteria, such as the volumetric heating effect and the total heat delivered related to heat pump size, CO<sub>2</sub>-rich mixtures tend to allow more compact systems, especially in colder climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 220-229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal−hydraulic characteristics of R32 and R410A flow boiling in plate heat exchangers with 1 mm chevron depth 具有 1 毫米楔形深度的板式热交换器中 R32 和 R410A 流动沸腾的热液压特性

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.017

Wei Wenjian , Lin Kaibing , Du Yubin , Li Xiaolu

{"title":"Thermal−hydraulic characteristics of R32 and R410A flow boiling in plate heat exchangers with 1 mm chevron depth","authors":"Wei Wenjian , Lin Kaibing , Du Yubin , Li Xiaolu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazed plate heat exchanger (BPHE) has gained more advantages of refrigerant inventory reduction and high efficiency due to smaller chevron channel. This paper experimentally investigates the heat transfer and pressure drop of R32 and R410A flow boiling in BPHEs with 1 mm chevron depth and W– and V– chevron patterns. Variations in heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and frictional pressure drop (FPD) with mass flux (15 − 40 kg m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for R32 and 25 − 60 kg m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for R410A) and imposed heat flux (from 6 − 14 kW m<sup>−2</sup>) are analyzed for each combination of the two refrigerants and two types of plate patterns. The HTC of R32 is approximately 10 % and 30 % higher than that of R410A at same mass flux in W– and V–shaped plates, respectively, which has an equivalent friction factor. The V–shaped plate is found more suited for R32 compared to the W–shaped plate. The existing available transition criterions fail to predict the flow boiling heat transfer mechanism in microscale channel, and convective boiling seems dominant in 1 mm chevron depth channel under the present working conditions, particularly for R32. The HTC correlations of Hsieh and Lin, and Palmer et al. fit the measured data relatively well with 96 and 80 % data within the deviation of ±20 %, respectively. Huang et al. correlation exhibits fare predictability for FPD, with more than 80 % data within the deviation of ±25 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 190-207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation of an operation of nested Halbach cylinder arrays in regenerative magnetic cooling cycles: The way to maximum thermal span 模拟嵌套式哈尔巴赫圆筒阵列在再生磁冷却循环中的运行：实现最大热跨度的途径

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.001

Alexei Karpenkov , Anastasiia Tukmakova , Galina Dunaeva , Pavel Dergachev , Dmitriy Karpenkov

{"title":"Simulation of an operation of nested Halbach cylinder arrays in regenerative magnetic cooling cycles: The way to maximum thermal span","authors":"Alexei Karpenkov , Anastasiia Tukmakova , Galina Dunaeva , Pavel Dergachev , Dmitriy Karpenkov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a numerical model of the Active Magnetic Regenerator (AMR) cycle, implemented in the reciprocal demonstrator, was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics. A nested Halbach cylinder (NHC) array served as the magnetic field source. Additional simulation of an operation of the NHC array was carried out. To eliminate the discrepancies between the heat exchange duration of the heat transfer medium (HTM) and the hot and cold ends of the regenerator, an adequate time dependence of the inner cylinder rotation angle was calculated. The latter provides the symmetrical sinusoidal form of time dependence of the magnetic flux density in the gap of NHC array, which is important for enhancing the performance of a magnetic refrigerator. It was established that in order to achieve a maximal temperature span, it is necessary to shift the phases of the magnetic field insertion/removal and heat transfer fluid pumping processes by nearly half of the operating cycle period. The latter brings the simulated cycle closer to the ideal AMR cycle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study and correlation of critical parameters for three binary mixtures containing R290 and hydrofluoroolefins 含 R290 和氢氟烯烃的三种二元混合物临界参数的实验研究和相关性

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.025

Bo Tang , Xiaoyu Yao , Xueqiang Dong , Yanxing Zhao , Maoqiong Gong

{"title":"Experimental study and correlation of critical parameters for three binary mixtures containing R290 and hydrofluoroolefins","authors":"Bo Tang , Xiaoyu Yao , Xueqiang Dong , Yanxing Zhao , Maoqiong Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mixtures of R290 (propane) and R1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene), R1243zf (3,3,3-trifluoropropene), or R1234ze(E) (<em>trans</em>-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) could be potential alternatives for high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). Obtaining the critical parameters of mixtures is crucial for establishing thermodynamic models, evaluating the highest operating temperature of refrigerants, determining the phase envelope, and confirming the starting point of the Widom line. However, few studies have been made on their critical properties. In this work, the critical properties of three binary systems containing R290 + R1234yf / R1243zf / R1234ze(E) are obtained experimentally with a metal-bellows volume apparatus. The critical state is judged by direct visual observation of critical opalescence and the recurrence of the vapor-liquid phase interface. The extended total uncertainties for the mole fraction, critical pressure, critical temperature, and critical density were below 0.004, 21 kPa, 50 mK, and 0.6 % (<em>k</em> = 2, 0.95 confidence coefficient), respectively. Experimentally obtained critical data are correlated by the Modified Wilson method and the Redlich–Kister method. The critical parameters of the R290 + R1234yf, R290 + R1243zf, and R290 + R1234ze(E) mixtures are predicted using the Correlated Modified Wilson (CMW) method, He et al.’s method, and the Modified Extended Chueh–Prausnitz (MECP) method. The correlated curve and predicted outcomes are employed for comparison with this work's experimental results. Meanwhile, the critical parameters data obtained experimentally are contrasted with the value of REFPROP 10.0 and other open literature. The fitting and prediction curves somewhat agree with the experimental results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental comparison of flow boiling heat transfer in smooth and microfin tubes using R134a, R1234yf, and R513A 使用 R134a、R1234yf 和 R513A 的光滑管和微鳍管中流动沸腾传热的实验比较

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.028

Zahraa Kareem Yasser, Mahmood Hasan Oudah

{"title":"Experimental comparison of flow boiling heat transfer in smooth and microfin tubes using R134a, R1234yf, and R513A","authors":"Zahraa Kareem Yasser, Mahmood Hasan Oudah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the urgent need for environmentally sustainable and efficient refrigeration systems, this study investigates the performance of low-GWP refrigerants R1234yf and R513A in comparison to the high-GWP refrigerant R134a, focusing on the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop during flow boiling in smooth and microfin tubes. The experimental setup involves tubes with a 6.14 mm internal diameter and 500 mm length. Data were collected across a broad range of operating conditions, including mass fluxes from 170 to 495 kg/m² s, heat fluxes from 10 to 40 kW/m², saturation temperatures of 15 °C and 25 °C, and vapor qualities from 0.15 to 1.0. In a specific case with a mass flux of 170 kg/m² s, heat flux of 23 kW/m², and a saturation temperature of 15 °C, the results indicate that the microfin tube achieves an HTC enhancement of up to 64 % compared to smooth tubes. However, R134a exhibits a higher HTC than R1234yf and R513A, approximately 5 % and 3 % higher, respectively. In contrast, R134a presents a higher pressure drop than R1234yf by about 8 %. While the pressure drop for R134a is slightly higher than R513A in the smooth tube, the microfin tube shows similar trends but more pronounced differences. This study comprehensively explores microfin tube performance with these refrigerants, offering critical insights for designing advanced refrigeration systems that balance environmental responsibility with energy efficiency. These findings were validated against predicted correlations, showing good agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 506-520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theoretical analysis of the initial nucleation characteristics of trace water vapor frosting on a cryogenic surface 低温表面微量水蒸气结霜初始成核特性的理论分析

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.026

Hengyang Ye , Hanying Jiang , Yinghe Qi , Wenhan Shu , Xiaoqin Zhi , Limin Qiu , Kai Wang

{"title":"Theoretical analysis of the initial nucleation characteristics of trace water vapor frosting on a cryogenic surface","authors":"Hengyang Ye , Hanying Jiang , Yinghe Qi , Wenhan Shu , Xiaoqin Zhi , Limin Qiu , Kai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In certain extreme conditions characterized by ultra-low water vapor content and ultra-low temperatures (e.g. cryogenic wind tunnel), trace water vapor frosting can also pose significant hazards. Considering the crucial role of initial nucleation on subsequent frosting processes, this study firstly investigated and compared the nucleation characteristics of frosting at different water vapor contents (0.1−1000 ppmv) from humid air to trace water vapor based on classical nucleation theory. The preferred nucleation phase diagrams and critical nucleation conditions were analyzed. Sensitivity of the nucleation mass transfer rate, as well as the frosting pathways were further identified. Results show that the nucleation characteristics of trace water vapor frosting (<100 ppmv) is significantly different from that of humid air frosting (>1000 ppmv). Trace water vapor frosting is more inclined towards desublimation nucleation due to its lower nucleation temperature and larger critical contact angle. The critical contact angles for 1000 ppmv, 100 ppmv and 0.1 ppmv are 49°, 75° and 120°, respectively. Furthermore, trace water vapor nucleation requires a greater subcooling degree, has a smaller critical nucleation radius, and is highly sensitive to surface contact angle and further-subcooling degree. At a surface contact angle of 120°, the nucleation subcooling degree of 0.1 ppmv is 2.9 K greater than that of 1000 ppmv. This study helps understanding the nucleation characteristics under different water vapor content conditions, which indicates that reducing subcooling degree and increasing contact angle are more effective anti-frosting methods than reducing water vapor content for trace water vapor frosting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 423-437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaporating temperature estimation of refrigeration systems based on vibration data-driven soft sensors 基于振动数据驱动的软传感器估算制冷系统的蒸发温度

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.020

Ahryman Seixas Busse de Siqueira Nascimento , João Paulo Zomer Machado , Leandro dos Santos Coelho , Rodolfo César Costa Flesch

{"title":"Evaporating temperature estimation of refrigeration systems based on vibration data-driven soft sensors","authors":"Ahryman Seixas Busse de Siqueira Nascimento , João Paulo Zomer Machado , Leandro dos Santos Coelho , Rodolfo César Costa Flesch","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evaluation of the operating conditions of refrigeration compressors once installed in household appliances is challenging due to the need to install pressure transducers, a process which requires system evacuation and refrigerant reintroduction. In addition, changes in the piping modify the characteristics of the original product. This paper proposes a soft-sensing technique based on vibration measurements of the compressor surface to predict the evaporating temperature. Different machine learning (ML) techniques are evaluated as data-driven prediction models, namely multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks, least squares boosting, generalized additive model, random forest, extreme learning machine, and random vector functional link neural networks. These techniques were applied to data obtained from a test rig designed to emulate compressor operation in a refrigeration system, with an operating envelope from -30°C to -10°C for the evaporating temperature and from 34°C to 54°C for the condensing temperature. The results showed that, with a single vibration measurement point, it was possible to use an MLP technique to estimate the evaporating temperature with a root mean squared error of 1.74°C in a non-intrusive way. For the other prediction techniques, the errors were a bit higher than for the MLP, but the maximum error value was about 2.5°C in all cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 288-296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling energy consumption in a Paris supermarket to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions using EnergyPlus 利用 EnergyPlus 建立巴黎一家超市的能源消耗模型，以减少能源使用和温室气体排放

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.023

Elias Eid , Alan Foster , Graciela Alvarez , Fatou-Toutie Ndoye , Denis Leducq , Judith Evans

{"title":"Modelling energy consumption in a Paris supermarket to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions using EnergyPlus","authors":"Elias Eid , Alan Foster , Graciela Alvarez , Fatou-Toutie Ndoye , Denis Leducq , Judith Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New refrigeration system configurations and other innovating technologies in retail supermarkets need to be considered to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. In supermarkets, there is a strong interaction between the refrigerated display cases, supermarket structure, internal machinery, customers, and the store's HVAC system. The impact of these interactions on the energy and carbon emissions of a medium sized supermarket in Paris was modelled using EnergyPlus™. The results were calibrated against a typical UK store and validated against the Paris store. The effects of applying the technologies identified to have the greatest potential to reduce carbon emissions (changing the refrigerant to R-744, switching from gas to electrical heating and adding doors to chilled cabinets) were modelled. The impact of climate change on ambient temperature and the impact of changes to the grid conversion factor were predicted for the store in Paris from 2020 to 2050.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700724002974/pdfft?md5=d0e1864a13f4c67b65063647156a0451&pid=1-s2.0-S0140700724002974-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances on a SPTC/JTC/ADR system for sub-Kelvin cooling 用于亚开尔文冷却的 SPTC/JTC/ADR 系统取得进展

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.024

Zhichao Chen , Ping Liu , Yanan Li , Lei Ding , Zhenhua Jiang , Shaoshuai Liu , Yinong Wu , Wei Dai

引用次数: 0

Understanding the thermodynamic effects of chemically reactive working fluids in the Stirling heat pump 了解斯特林热泵中化学反应工作流体的热力学效应

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.021

Aya Barakat , Jean-Noël Jaubert , Philippe Arpentinier , Pascal Tobaly , Silvia Lasala

{"title":"Understanding the thermodynamic effects of chemically reactive working fluids in the Stirling heat pump","authors":"Aya Barakat , Jean-Noël Jaubert , Philippe Arpentinier , Pascal Tobaly , Silvia Lasala","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the realm of sustainable heating technologies, this study examines the performance of a Stirling heat pump employing chemically reactive working fluids in contrast to conventional inert counterparts. Reactive working fluids are energy vectors that enable the conversion of not only thermal but also chemical energy within the heat pump. The investigation spans a wide range of theoretical reactive gaseous mixtures, leveraging the ideal gas mixture thermodynamic model. Each fluid is characterized by an equilibrated chemical reaction, denoted as <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msub><mo>⇄</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, and distinguished by a set of reaction coordinates: the standard entropy change of reaction and standard enthalpy change of reaction. The chemical reaction evolution and thermodynamic properties are observed in each transformation, and the overall coefficient of performance (COP) of the system is evaluated and benchmarked against that of comparable inert working fluids. It is observed that the exothermic reaction during isothermal compression significantly increases the thermal energy supplied to the heat sink, as well as the thermal energy density per unit maximum volume, by up to 269 %, compared to an inert gas system. However, for the majority of reactive fluids studied, chemical reactions introduce irreversibility in the internal regenerator due to heat transfer across a finite temperature difference, contrary to the case of inert working fluids, penalizing the COP. Consequently, a reduction of up to 28 % in the COP is observed. Nevertheless, there exists a range of reactive fluids, characterized by reversible heat exchange in the internal regenerator, offering increased thermal energy transfer to the heat sink without compromising the COP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 276-287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0