International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid最新文献

{"title":"Thermodynamic evaluation of advanced adsorbents for thermally-driven atmospheric water harvesting system in diverse climatic conditions","authors":"Muhammad Sultan ,&nbsp;Aïssa Rezzoug ,&nbsp;Muhammad Aleem","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of freshwater scarcity, the current research aims to evaluate silica-gel, zeolite, ionogel, and metal-organic framework (MOF) based four types of advanced adsorbents for thermally-driven adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) system. Thermodynamic modeling framework is executed for performance evaluation of studied adsorbents by means of water production potential (WPP), energy consumption (EC), and thermal efficiency (TE) with respect to different operating conditions like ambient/adsorption temperature (T_amb/ads)/relative humidity (RH_amb/ads) and desorption T (T_des)/RH (RH_des). According to results, ionogel and MOF-based adsorbents observed maximum WPP of 1.28 kg/kg/cycle and 0.95 kg/kg/cycle, respectively at T_amb/ads of 25 °C, T_des of 100 °C and RH_des of 20 %. Consequently, the EC computed as 4350.91 kJ/kg/cycle and 4650.67 kJ/kg/cycle with TE of 0.52 and 0.49, respectively. Keeping in view optimized operating conditions, the studied adsorbents are further evaluated for five major cities of Pakistan and South Africa having diverse climatic conditions (arid, semi-arid and humid subtropical). Average WPP of 7.10 L/kg/day and 19.85 L/kg/day is observed by ionogel and MOF, respectively throughout the year with EC of 4647.49 kJ/kg/cycle, and 4331.86 kJ/kg/cycle as well as TE of 0.49 and 0.51, respectively. This research underscores feasibility of advanced adsorbents in diverse climatic conditions from thermodynamic point of view and presents valuable insights on integrating low-grade thermal energy options for the AWH systems. Moreover, the integration of AWH systems could be a potential option in building façades and green roofs for water-resilient urban development in water stressed regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 273-295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of two-phase CO2 ejectors using an Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid approach","authors":"Negar Alvandifar ,&nbsp;Ehsan Mahravan ,&nbsp;Kim Gardø Christensen ,&nbsp;Pourya Forooghi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.05.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ejector is a work recovery device that plays a critical role in increasing the overall efficiency of CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> heat pump systems. Despite extensive research, persistent challenges in the numerical modeling of these devices limit the effective use of simulations as reliable and cost-efficient tools for design and optimization. These challenges are linked to the complex non-equilibrium two-phase and turbulent flow, with the presence of flashing phenomenon, rapid phase changes and compressibility effects. This study introduces an open-source numerical model based on the Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid framework within OpenFOAM, which captures the detailed phase interactions and non-equilibrium effects often overlooked in previous models. Moreover, the model incorporates polydispersity to more realistically simulate phase change during flashing in the motive nozzle—an aspect not considered in previous CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> ejector models. To ensure consistent performance of the model across a range of operating conditions, 19 different cases with both supercritical and subcritical (including subcooled) motive flows are simulated and compared to independent experimental data. The model shows consistent predictions with an average deviation of approximately 8%, 12%, and 6% in predicting motive mass flow rate, suction mass flow rates, and entrainment ratio, respectively. This open-source model is expected to contribute to better designs of CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> ejectors and improved operational efficiencies of CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> heat pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 338-350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the performance consistency diagnosis of split-type air conditioner based double colour ball matching rule","authors":"Lulu Hu ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Yike Miao ,&nbsp;Cunfei Chen ,&nbsp;Yingwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous improvement of consumer product quality and the increasing demand for energy conservation, the quality requirements for air conditioning products have evolved beyond merely meeting energy efficiency standards. There are now stringent demands for performance consistency among products of the same model but from different batches. However, in the actual sampling process, there are various sources of performance deviation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a diagnostic mechanism and method to provide personalized optimization strategies for machines exhibiting performance deviations, to restore their annual energy consumption efficiency (APF) levels to normal. Based on comparative experiments, a database consisting of 6 sets of APF deviation prototypes and 18 sets of internal and external machine combination samples is constructed. A personalized diagnosis system for performance consistency issues of split air conditioners is established by combining the two colour ball parameter matching strategy and BP neural network algorithm. Twelve relevant parameters are selected and the deviation level value is set as the diagnostic basis for the expert system. After comprehensive working conditions, the diagnostic problems and problem weight proportion of the prototype are given, and the component optimization strategy for the prototype is proposed. The verification experiment shows that after optimizing the corresponding components, the APF of the two prototypes increased by 1.2 % and 1.3 % respectively, reaching the APF qualification standard. And the optimization results verify the technical feasibility of the expert system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 305-319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of compressor speed on heat pump performance with climate-friendly refrigerants","authors":"Ali Khalid Shaker Al-Sayyab ,&nbsp;Joaquín Navarro-Esbrí ,&nbsp;Angel Barragán-Cervera ,&nbsp;Adrián Mota-Babiloni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.05.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.05.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainability of the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system focuses on reducing energy consumption, improving efficiency, minimising environmental impact, and improving indoor air quality while maintaining comfort. Sustainable HVAC practices are critical in combating climate change and creating energy-efficient systems. A Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) is an HVAC technology that utilizes high-efficiency components of variable-speed compressors enabled by inverter technology. These compressors adjust cooling output to actual demand and contribute to the system's overall energy efficiency, unlike conventional systems that operate at full capacity and use more energy. Thus, VRFs are highly efficient, adaptable, and suitable for various building types. The current study compares climate-friendly refrigerants R1234yf and R515B under different compressor frequencies (35, 40, 45, and 50 Hz). The experiment was carried out under the secondary fluid inlet and outlet temperatures of (12 °C/6 °C in the case of glycol and 45 °C/50 °C in the case of water), respectively. While the degree of sub-cooling and superheat is maintained at 5 °C and 10 °C, respectively. R1234yf demonstrated the highest refrigerant mass flow rate under the tested frequency, increasing compressor power consumption. R515B presents the highest system COP over all tested compressor frequencies, which can be selected as a suitable, safe, and non-flammable alternative refrigerant in buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 296-304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel on-board method for quantifying refrigerant charge in residential heat pumps","authors":"Maëlle Jounay ,&nbsp;Odile Cauret ,&nbsp;Cédric Teuillières ,&nbsp;Cong Toan Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat pump performances may be dramatically impacted by refrigerant leakages, but only after a substantial loss of refrigerant. It is thus crucial to detect and quantify leakages during the initial phase of slight performance decline, to provide accurate information to maintainers and adapt the maintenance accordingly. Most existing refrigerant charge assessment methods rely on subcooling as main charge-sensitive parameter. However, in modern, well-optimized heat pumps, subcooling is minimal and quickly drops to zero after a small loss of refrigerant, rendering the methods ineffective. A new method for refrigerant charge assessment, well-suited for these contemporary heat pumps operating in heating mode, is thus proposed in this study, leveraging the evaporator inlet vapor quality as key charge-sensitive feature. Unlike conventional methods which directly predict the refrigerant charge, this new method is based on an indirect scheme where the developed correlation uses the refrigerant charge as input and the charge-sensitive parameter as output. This method was validated in climatic chambers, on a variable-speed air-to-water heat pump filled with R32. It was trained on stationary data with imposed operating conditions and then tested using a semivirtual setup where the heat pump operated autonomously and dynamically based on a heat curve to compensate for the heat losses of a virtual building. The method demonstrated high accuracy, with a 1.5–2.5 % error on charge assessment for charge levels between 70 % and 110 %. The calibration effort was minimized to 40 operating conditions distributed across three charge levels, including an overcharge one.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 263-272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A component-level analysis of brazed-type capillary tube-suction line heat exchangers","authors":"Fernando Testoni Knabben,&nbsp;Joel Boeng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the important role played by capillary tube-suction line heat exchangers in the performance of small refrigerators, they are still sized through trial-and-error procedures. In this context, the present work aims, for the first time, to comprehensively analyze the impact of geometric parameters often overlooked in the design of brazed-type heat exchangers, such as the adiabatic entrance and heat exchange lengths, as well as the width and height of the welded region. To this end, a mathematical model was developed and the walls of both tubes were discretized in a 3D mesh so that the heat transfer could be calculated over a wide range of conditions without the need of an effectiveness correlation. The model was validated within ±10 % error bands for the mass flow rate against 54 points found in the literature for R600a. Moreover, to extend the applicability of the analysis, the simulations were performed considering not only sub-cooled but also two-phase conditions at the capillary tube inlet. For instance, for sub-cooled inlets, the mass flow rate always increases for larger heat exchanger lengths if flashing occurs outside the entrance region. For two-phase inlets, the trends are opposite and the mass flow rate tends to decrease as the heat exchanger length increases. It was also seen that the width of the brazed region and the suction line inner diameter have a minor impact on the mass flow rate. Finally, the heat exchanger effectiveness was found to be nearly insensitive to the adiabatic entrance length.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 181-194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of dynamic behavior and lubrication performance in a two-cylinder rotary compressor featuring hinge-joined vane and roller","authors":"Dongjun Kim ,&nbsp;Siraj Azam ,&nbsp;Sangha Lee ,&nbsp;Sang-Shin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the novel comprehensive dynamic and lubrication analysis of a two-cylinder rotary compressor incorporating a hinge-joined vane and roller mechanism. A novel contribution lies in the development of complete equilibrium equations for all major components (crankshaft, roller, and vane) explicitly capturing eccentricity and tilting effects. By integrating multibody dynamics simulations with FEM-based solutions of Reynolds equations across sixteen lubrication interfaces, the study reveals critical tribo-dynamic behaviors previously unaddressed. Key findings include minimum oil film thicknesses of 1.56 µm on the roller's bottom surface and 1.0 µm on the vane’s left surface, indicating a transition toward mixed lubrication regimes. The analysis also uncovers significant moment asymmetry at the hinge joints, where the upper joint experiences 10× higher moments than the lower, resulting in enhanced structural tilting and localized lubrication failure risks. Pressure peaks exceeding 14 MPa were observed in the roller's inner surface, confirming it as the dominant friction loss contributor. These results demonstrate the necessity of accounting for coupled eccentricity, tilting, and interfacial interactions in lubrication modeling. The proposed framework provides essential guidance for optimizing hinge-joined rotary compressor designs and improving efficiency, structural integrity, and operational reliability under high-load refrigeration conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 124-140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate estimation of the methane hydrate equilibrium in brines based on advanced modeling tools","authors":"Liwei Xin,&nbsp;Xiaoling Shi,&nbsp;Shoukang Hou,&nbsp;Chunmao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.05.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.05.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of hydrate equilibrium conditions is of significant importance for processes associated with seawater purification, energy storage, and gas separation. Therefore, it is vital to design reliable models for determining such conditions. This investigation aimed to construct robust machine learning algorithms for assessing the equilibrium state of methane hydrates within aqueous salt solutions. A substantial dataset, comprising 1051 individual data points, was compiled from available literature. This dataset contained methane hydrate equilibrium across 26 distinct brines. Data-driven modeling was executed via the application of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT) methodologies. Various graphical and statistical tools were employed to evaluate the validity of the models. It was found that both SVM and DT models exhibit strong capabilities, achieving mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of 0.36 % and 0.48 %, and relative root mean square errors (RRMSEs) of 0.89 % and 0.83 %, respectively, in the testing stage. The intelligent models also adeptly captured the relationships between hydrate equilibrium and operational parameters. A sensitivity analysis ultimately elucidated the relative importance of the factors influencing the hydrate equilibrium phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 195-206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of HFO-CO₂ cascade vs CO₂ transcritical refrigeration systems in two supermarkets. Part II: Evaluation of heat recovery and integration of heat pumps based on field measurements","authors":"Shabnam Javanshir ,&nbsp;Paolo Toninelli ,&nbsp;Anna Stoppato ,&nbsp;Samer Sawalha","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines heat recovery from refrigeration systems and the operational benefits of integrating heat recovery in two medium-sized supermarkets in northern Italy based on field measurements. A supermarket operates with a R1234ze/CO₂ cascade system, which is integrated with heat pumps, and the other is a CO₂ transcritical system. The system description, along with the processes of data collection and validation, is discussed in detail in part Ⅰ of the article. Both systems are equipped with heat recovery and began operating in 2023. The floating condensation model was developed in MATLAB, utilizing REFPROP to calculate the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat recovery. Furthermore, the COP of heat pumps and the COP of each stage in floating condensation mode are calculated. Results show R1234ze/CO₂ cascade system integrated with a heat pump and air conditioning fully meets the cooling and heating demands of the supermarket's sales area, by using 12 % more annual electricity compared to the floating condensation mode. The continuous heat recovery in the R1234ze/CO₂ cascade system leads to a higher amount of heat recovery compared to the CO₂ transcritical system. The heat recovery of the CO₂ transcritical system is not used as a main source to cover the heat demand. In this system, due to lower heat demand, heat recovery most often occurs in subcritical mode, and it does not fully utilise its heat recovery potential. Only 39 % of the total heat recovered occurs in transcritical mode, with the remaining heat rejected to the air. COP of heat recovery of this system is higher than the cascade system; however, the values in both systems for ambient temperature lower than 4 °C are comparable. Furthermore, the results show that in floating condensation mode, the COP of the CO₂ transcritical system in the MT and LT stages is higher than the cascade system at temperatures below 16 °C and 9 °C, respectively, this trend reverses at temperatures above these values. The global COP of the cascade system consistently remains higher than that of the CO₂ system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 156-167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of a retrofitted scroll compressor for operation with two-phase refrigerant flows","authors":"Nicolas Leclercq ,&nbsp;Benedikt G. Bederna ,&nbsp;Vincent Lemort","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present paper introduces an experimental investigation of a scroll compressor working with two-phase refrigerant flows, in the frame of a novel thermodynamic cycle making use of two-phase compressions/expansions called REGEN-BY-2.</div><div>The design of the test bench dedicated to two-phase compression will first be explained. The objective of this test bench is to assess the performances of the compressor working with a two-phase refrigerant-oil mixture under varying conditions such as inlet pressures, inlet vapor qualities, oil circulation ratios, pressure ratios and speeds. Three experimental campaigns have been conducted, the first two are dedicated to compare different oils, while the third does not use any oil, thereby experimenting a pure-refrigerant two-phase compression. The methodology to obtain the compressor inlet vapor quality is detailed, and the related assumptions developed. The performance indicators, i.e., isentropic and volumetric efficiencies, are defined for a two-phase oil-refrigerant mixture. A total of 253 operating points (with and without oil) have been used to generate 3D maps, showing the evolution of the efficiencies for varying pressure ratios and inlet qualities. The results shows a decrease of efficiency at low vapor qualities, especially at high pressure ratios, where under-compression is amplified. Finally, the results of the pure-refrigerant compression are analyzed, showing decent isentropic efficiencies, with a minimum of 50% at a vapor quality of 0.35 and an optimal pressure ratio of 2.7.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"177 ","pages":"Pages 219-231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}