两家超市HFO-CO₂级联与CO₂跨临界制冷系统的比较分析。第二部分：基于现场测量的热泵热回收和集成的评价

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.06.003

Shabnam Javanshir , Paolo Toninelli , Anna Stoppato , Samer Sawalha

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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究考察了来自制冷系统的热回收和基于现场测量的意大利北部两家中型超市整合热回收的运营效益。一家超市采用与热泵集成的R1234ze/CO₂级联系统，另一家超市采用CO₂跨临界系统。本文的Ⅰ部分详细讨论了系统描述以及数据收集和验证的过程。这两个系统都配备了热回收系统，并于2023年开始运行。在MATLAB中建立浮凝模型，利用REFPROP计算热回收性能系数（COP）。此外，还计算了热泵的COP和浮凝工况下各阶段的COP。结果表明，R1234ze/CO 2级联系统与热泵和空调相结合，完全满足超市销售区域的制冷和制热需求，与浮式冷凝模式相比，年用电量增加12%。与CO₂跨临界系统相比，R1234ze/CO 2级联系统中的连续热回收导致了更高的热回收量。二氧化碳跨临界系统的热回收不作为满足热需求的主要来源。在该系统中，由于热需求较低，热回收通常发生在亚临界模式，并且没有充分利用其热回收潜力。只有39%的总热量回收发生在跨临界模式下，剩余的热量被排除到空气中。该系统的热回收COP高于叶栅系统；但是，当环境温度低于4℃时，两种系统的测量值具有可比性。另外，在浮动凝结模式下，当温度低于16°C和9°C时，MT和LT阶段的CO₂跨临界系统的COP分别高于叶栅系统，而当温度高于16°C时，这一趋势正好相反。级联系统的全球COP始终高于CO₂系统。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Comparative analysis of HFO-CO₂ cascade vs CO₂ transcritical refrigeration systems in two supermarkets. Part II: Evaluation of heat recovery and integration of heat pumps based on field measurements

This study examines heat recovery from refrigeration systems and the operational benefits of integrating heat recovery in two medium-sized supermarkets in northern Italy based on field measurements. A supermarket operates with a R1234ze/CO₂ cascade system, which is integrated with heat pumps, and the other is a CO₂ transcritical system. The system description, along with the processes of data collection and validation, is discussed in detail in part Ⅰ of the article. Both systems are equipped with heat recovery and began operating in 2023. The floating condensation model was developed in MATLAB, utilizing REFPROP to calculate the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat recovery. Furthermore, the COP of heat pumps and the COP of each stage in floating condensation mode are calculated. Results show R1234ze/CO₂ cascade system integrated with a heat pump and air conditioning fully meets the cooling and heating demands of the supermarket's sales area, by using 12 % more annual electricity compared to the floating condensation mode. The continuous heat recovery in the R1234ze/CO₂ cascade system leads to a higher amount of heat recovery compared to the CO₂ transcritical system. The heat recovery of the CO₂ transcritical system is not used as a main source to cover the heat demand. In this system, due to lower heat demand, heat recovery most often occurs in subcritical mode, and it does not fully utilise its heat recovery potential. Only 39 % of the total heat recovered occurs in transcritical mode, with the remaining heat rejected to the air. COP of heat recovery of this system is higher than the cascade system; however, the values in both systems for ambient temperature lower than 4 °C are comparable. Furthermore, the results show that in floating condensation mode, the COP of the CO₂ transcritical system in the MT and LT stages is higher than the cascade system at temperatures below 16 °C and 9 °C, respectively, this trend reverses at temperatures above these values. The global COP of the cascade system consistently remains higher than that of the CO₂ system.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

12.80%

发文量

363

审稿时长

3.7 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Refrigeration is published for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) by Elsevier. It is essential reading for all those wishing to keep abreast of research and industrial news in refrigeration, air conditioning and associated fields. This is particularly important in these times of rapid introduction of alternative refrigerants and the emergence of new technology. The journal has published special issues on alternative refrigerants and novel topics in the field of boiling, condensation, heat pumps, food refrigeration, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrocarbons, magnetic refrigeration at room temperature, sorptive cooling, phase change materials and slurries, ejector technology, compressors, and solar cooling. As well as original research papers the International Journal of Refrigeration also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of discussion and controversy. Other features include forthcoming events, conference reports and book reviews. Papers are published in either English or French with the IIR news section in both languages.