{"title":"An Interleaved 6-Level GaN Bidirectional Converter for Level II Electric Vehicle Charging","authors":"Derek Chou, Kelly Fernandez, R. Pilawa-Podgurski","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8721971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721971","url":null,"abstract":"On-board battery chargers are a key component of electric vehicles of all types. Conventionally, they may be used to recharge a vehicle’s battery pack, but as they are connected to the grid, they can also be used to provide ancillary grid services, such as reactive power support and longer-term battery-to-grid backup. On-board chargers also represent a potentially significant portion of a vehicle’s weight and can take up considerable volume. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a high power density Level II charger converting between 400 VDC and 240 VAC, utilizing two interleaved flying-capacitor multilevel converter stages combined with a full H-bridge unfolder or active rectifier. The focus of this work is the ac-dc/dc-ac power stage, with the goal of high efficiency and power density. Thus, power factor correction (PFC) control and twice-line-frequency buffering are not discussed or implemented in this work. Experimental results show a peak system efficiency of greater than 98.9%, a power output of 7 kW, and an effective switching frequency at the inductor switch nodes of 720 kHz.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129935962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcus A. A. Bezerra, Jorge L. W. Oliveira, P. Praça, D. Oliveira, L. Barreto, Bruno R. de Almeida
{"title":"Isolated AC-DC Interleaved Converter for MVDC Collection Grid in HVDC Offshore Wind Farm","authors":"Marcus A. A. Bezerra, Jorge L. W. Oliveira, P. Praça, D. Oliveira, L. Barreto, Bruno R. de Almeida","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8722018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722018","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an AC-DC converter with high-frequency isolation using the interleaving technique associated with an interphase transformer. Based on a medium-voltage DC (MVDC) isolated port, this configuration is proposed for applications regarding offshore wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) with high-voltage DC transmission (HVDC). As an alternative to increase the power density on offshore systems, the use of DC-DC converters to process the energy produced by the wind turbines is a modern trend in this type of configuration. This topology can be used in WECSs as the interconnection between the MVDC transmission bus and the wind turbines (WTs). The use of full-bridge modules per phase in the primary side shares the current among the semiconductors, with consequent reduced losses at high power levels. Besides, the high-frequency step-up transformer leads to reduced overall dimensions. With the use of neutral point clamped (NPC) converters connected in cascade in the secondary side, it is possible to reach obtain a MVDC output without the increase of voltage stresses on the semiconductors.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116477379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingjing Sun, Xingxuan Huang, Nathan N. Strain, D. Costinett, L. Tolbert
{"title":"Inductor Design and ZVS Control for a GaN-Based High Efficiency CRM Totem-Pole PFC Converter","authors":"Jingjing Sun, Xingxuan Huang, Nathan N. Strain, D. Costinett, L. Tolbert","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8721851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721851","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details the inductor design and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) control of a single-phase GaN-based critical-conduction-mode (CRM) totem-pole rectifier with power factor correction (PFC). A full-line-cycle ZVS strategy is derived, and an analytical converter model with ZVS margin is proposed. The boost inductor design is critical for the operation performance of the CRM totem-pole PFC. Based on analytical loss models, the inductor is designed and implemented using a toroidal powder core and litz wire to minimize converter loss and inductor size. Digital on-time control with real-time calculation and zero current detection (ZCD) is used to implement CRM. A 1.5 kW single-phase GaN-based CRM totem-pole PFC prototype is built and tested. With the on-time control, both the inductor current and the output voltage are well regulated. ZVS is realized for the whole line cycle, and the tested efficiency is 98.8% at full load.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128284766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Kamel, M. M. Ur Rehman, Fan Zhang, R. Zane, D. Maksimović
{"title":"Control of Independent-Input, Parallel-Output DC/DC Converters for Modular Battery Building Blocks","authors":"Mohamed Kamel, M. M. Ur Rehman, Fan Zhang, R. Zane, D. Maksimović","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8721953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721953","url":null,"abstract":"Modular battery packs are desirable energy storage elements in applications such as DC microgrids and electric vehicles (EVs). Modular battery packs utilize DC/DC converters that are connected in series for high output voltage or connected in parallel for high output currents. An active battery management system (BMS) utilizes the cell state of charge (SOC) to control the cell current. The individual control to input current transfer functions vary with the number of converters in parallel. This paper presents a small-signal model for the parallel converters as a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) system that shows the interactions among the input current transfer functions. The small-signal model is utilized to design the feedback loop. The paper uses hybrid feedforward control to reduce the interactions between the coupled input-current regulation loops; which simplifies the implementation, increases modularity, and eliminates the need for a central controller. that is generally employed in MIMO systems. The analysis is verified by simulations and by experiments. A 300 W module consisting of three parallel output 100 W boost converters for a cell active balancing management system is used for hardware validation.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128422191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constant On-Time Multi-Mode Digital Control with Superior Performance and Programmable Frequency","authors":"K. Hariharan, S. Kapat, S. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8722156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722156","url":null,"abstract":"The need for smaller size and extended battery life in portable devices poses a tough challenge to design multi-mode digital control in DC-DC converters while operating over a wide range of load current and input voltage. This paper presents a multi-mode digital controller which shares a common constant on-time modulator and achieves high efficiency, fast transient response, smooth transitions, and programmable switching frequency by dynamically adjusting the on-time with the input voltage during light load conditions to keep the voltage ripple within the desired band. The digital modulator uses the event-based sampling for voltage-loop which achieves inherent current-loop stability. The proposed scheme offers a natural transition to DCM. Further, the stability analysis using discrete-time model and design of the proposed scheme are discussed. Both the buck and boost converter prototypes are made, and the proposed scheme is implemented using an FPGA device.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133190911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate Discrete-Time Modeling of an Interleaved Current-Fed Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter","authors":"Avishek Pal, S. Kapat","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8721870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721870","url":null,"abstract":"Current-fed bidirectional isolated DC-DC converters are often used in the photovoltaics and energy storage applications to interface the low voltage energy storage devices with the high voltage DC bus. However, a suitable modeling framework is not readily available, considering different operating modes to study its high frequency large- and small-signal behaviour and to design the controller. This paper presents a discrete-time framework for accurate modeling of an interleaved current-fed dual active bridge DC-DC converter, particularly highlighting its large- and small-signal dynamics. The proposed framework considers the exact dynamics of individual modes, taking into account the possible power circuit parasitics, and attempts to derive a generic form of approximate second-order discrete-time models. Various discrete-time small-signal transfer functions are derived and verified with the SIMetrix/SIMPLIS simulation in the frequency domain. A pair of complex conjugate poles and zeros are found to exist in the control-to-output transfer functions near the converter natural frequency. A GaN-based 300 W hardware prototype is made to validate the proposed model experimentally, and the modulation technique is implemented using an FPGA device. Discrete-time large-signal models are validated through the experimental results. The proposed framework can be extended to other isolated and non-isolated DC-DC converters, particularly when at least one of the state variables has zero steady state average value.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115596237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoqiang Guo, Yong Yang, Baocheng Wang, Zhigang Lu
{"title":"Generalized Space Vector Modulation for Grid-Connected Current Source Converter in both Continuous and Discontinuous Current Modes","authors":"Xiaoqiang Guo, Yong Yang, Baocheng Wang, Zhigang Lu","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8722160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722160","url":null,"abstract":"Three-phase current source converter (CSC) is widely used in many applications. In practice, the CSC may operate in both continuous current mode (CCM) and discontinuous current mode (DCM) under different loadings. In case of DCM, the grid current of CSC would be distorted and the output voltage would lose control. In order to solve the problem, a novel generalized space vector modulation strategy is presented in this paper. Compared with the conventional solution, the proposal reduces the total harmonic distortion of grid current from 27.01% to 3.91% in the DCM. Meanwhile, the output voltage is well regulated to the rating, instead of losing control. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116340169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunpeng Xiao, J. Victory, S. Pearson, T. Sarkar, A. Challa, Marc Dagan, P. Collanton, Cristian Andreev
{"title":"Corner and Statistical SPICE Model Generation for Shielded-Gate Trench Power MOSFETs Based on Backward Propagation of Variance","authors":"Yunpeng Xiao, J. Victory, S. Pearson, T. Sarkar, A. Challa, Marc Dagan, P. Collanton, Cristian Andreev","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8722168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722168","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel physical approach to corner and statistical SPICE model generation for Shielded-Gate Trench Power MOSFETs. The technique is derived from the mature IC industry standard approach known as Backward Propagation of Variance. Physically based, scalable SPICE models for the device are required to implement the technique. The methodologies presented are applicable to other power discrete devices such as super-junction MOSFETs, SiC MOSFETs, GaN HEMTs, and Trench IGBTs.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123777660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroaki Toyoda, M. Terada, R. Iijima, T. Isobe, H. Tadano
{"title":"Sinusoidal Voltage Output Inverter for Motor Drives Using Discontinuous Current Mode Operation","authors":"Hiroaki Toyoda, M. Terada, R. Iijima, T. Isobe, H. Tadano","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8721883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721883","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes to apply discontinuous current mode (DCM) for motor drive inverters to avoid the problems caused by high dv/dt in output, with relatively small filter components. A three-phase configuration for the DCM operation is proposed and a direct current control method and its application to PMSG drive are discussed. The experimental demonstration with a 2-kW PMSM are shown.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126233359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Passive Transient Current Balancing Method for Multiple Paralleled SiC-MOSFET Half-Bridge Modules","authors":"Sizhao Lu, X. Deng, Siqi Li, Enguo Rong","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8721897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721897","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a passive transient current balancing method for multiple paralleled SiC-MOSFET half-bridge modules. The transient currents of the paralleled SiC-MOSFETs could be significantly different from each other because of the parameters mismatch, which induces significantly uneven switching losses distributions among the paralleled SiC-MOSFETs. Therefore, a passive transient current balancing method is proposed to deal with this issue. The proposed method does not rely on sensors and feedback control, so it is simple and easy to implement. Moreover, the proposed method can be easily extended to any number of paralleled SiC-MOSFET half-bridge modules. The operation principles and the parameters design of the proposed method are analyzed and presented in this paper. The performance of the proposed transient current balancing method is evaluated on an experimental set-up with three paralleled 1700V/300A SiC-MOSFET half-bridge modules.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116906370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}