International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Effect of dimethylamine pyrophosphate on the mechanical, thermal decomposition and flame-retardant properties of rigid polyurethane foams","authors":"Wei-Hua Gu ,&nbsp;Yu Dai ,&nbsp;Yan-Hua Yuan","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2446597","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2446597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To solve the problem of the insufficient flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane (RPUF), a new flame retardant, dimethylamine pyrophosphate (DMPY), was introduced into rigid polyurethane foam, and one-step foaming technology was used to prepare RPUF/DMPY composites. Furthermore, the thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion characteristics, and gas-phase products were analyzed via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry (CCT), and thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The flame-retardant measurements revealed that when the DMPY amount exceeded 20 parts, the LOI of the RPUF/DMPY composites increased to above 23%, and all the samples reached the UL-94 V-0 level. In addition, the peak heat release rate and total heat release values of the RPUF-3 composites prepared with RPUF/DMPY were 192.6 kW/m² and 19.98 MJ/m², respectively, which were 35.0% and 29.1% lower than those of the pure RPUF, respectively, and significantly reduced the heat release of the RPUF composites. The analysis of char residue revealed that DMPY can effectively improve the density and graphitization degree of char residue during the combustion process of RPUF/DMPY composites, thereby endowing them with excellent flame-retardant properties. On this basis, the flame-retardant mechanism of the DMPY-based flame retardant RPUF composite material is proposed. This work provides new ideas for the development of new flame retardant PPUF composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 241-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposite films with kaolin/bentonite blended clay for packaging applications","authors":"Ravi Purbey ,&nbsp;Dipjyoti Bora ,&nbsp;Chayanika Bharadwaj ,&nbsp;Pubali Chetia ,&nbsp;Koushik Dutta ,&nbsp;Uma Maheswari R ,&nbsp;Jayaramudu Jarugala ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku ,&nbsp;Sellamuthu Periyar Selvam","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2438724","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2438724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, <em>Kaolinite clay</em> from the North-East Region (NER) of India was blended with <em>bentonite clay</em> and incorporated into <em>poly(lactic acid) (PLA)</em> at different concentrations of: 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7 weight% (wt%) through the <em>solvent casting method</em>. The resulting films were characterized by using the <em>Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)</em> spectroscopy to investigate the interactions among the various functional groups. The <em>X-ray diffraction (XRD)</em> analysis was performed to determine the composites’ structure and <em>crystallinity</em>, while the <em>thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)</em> was employed to assess the thermal stability of the films. Furthermore, mechanical properties, such as the <em>tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation-at-break</em> (%) were evaluated. The maximum <em>tensile strength</em> of 36.9 MPa was attained for the <em>PLA</em> film blended with 7 wt% of <em>clay</em>. However, the <em>elongation-at-break</em> (%) for this specimen was lower when compared to the neat PLA film. <em>Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)</em> analysis provided insights into the morphology of the poly(lactic acid)–NER <em>kaolinite/bentonite</em> blend <em>clay</em> nanocomposite films, thereby revealing significant aggregation and <em>agglomeration</em> within the specimen containing the 5 wt% of filler. Moreover, the packaging application of the films developed was evaluated to enhance the shelf life of fresh black grapes. The results revealed that the unpackaged grapes experienced spoilage, while those wrapped in the films (PLA-7%) developed and showed no signs of deterioration after the 14 days of storage at room temperature. These findings suggest that the newly developed nanocomposite films could serve as an effective option for fruits packaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 203-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based bicyclic polymer on the flammability","authors":"Shikha ,&nbsp;Neelam Yadav","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2445679","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2024.2445679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>1-oxyphospha-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (PEPA) was synthesized successfully in producing a PEPA-based monomer having an acrylate group and its polymers. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ¹H, and ³¹P spectra were used to establish their structural integrity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the limited oxygen index (LOI), and the UL-94 test were used to examine the thermal characteristics and flame retardant behavior of the systems with 15 wt% of flame retardants (PhosPTPU₁₅, Phosphorous functionalized polymer thermoplastic polyurethane). Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), the results reveal that LOI increases from 19% to 27.8% with the incorporation of 15 wt% PhosPTPU₁₅. SEM-EDX was used to evaluate the morphology of the TPU and its blend, which exhibits that with the incorporation of PhosPTPU₁₅ the blend showed compact morphology and supported the condensed phase mechanism of the blends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 3","pages":"Pages 364-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate modeling of nano-enhanced polyethylene glycol thermal conductivity using soft computing methods: application to thermal energy storage","authors":"Xiaona Liu ,&nbsp;Zahraa Sabah Ghnim ,&nbsp;Asha Rajiv ,&nbsp;Anupam Yadav ,&nbsp;Haider Radhi Saud ,&nbsp;Aman Shankhyan ,&nbsp;Sachin Jaidka ,&nbsp;Kamal Kant Joshi ,&nbsp;Ayat Hussein Adhab ,&nbsp;Morug Salih Mahdi ,&nbsp;Aseel Salah Mansoor ,&nbsp;Usama Kadem Radi ,&nbsp;Nasr Saadoun Abd ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Mottaghi ,&nbsp;Raed H. C. Alfilh","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2477557","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2477557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is considered a renowned polymer with a semi-crystalline composition that, as a phase change material, is ideal for use in applications of heat energy storage. Recent research suggests that PEG’s thermal conductivity can be significantly improved by incorporating nanoparticles. This study focuses on developing various robust machine learning methods like decision trees, adaptive boosting, ensemble learning, K-nearest neighbors, multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and extra trees to accurately assess nano-enhanced PEG thermal conductivity based on PEG molecular weight, temperature, type of nanomaterial, and its concentration. The leverage technique is employed to identify potential outlier data within the collected dataset. Additionally, a sensitivity assessment will be performed to examine the relative impacts of each input parameter on the thermal conductivity. The K-fold cross-validation technique is used in every algorithm to mitigate the overfitting problem during model training. The results indicate that the extra trees (with R² = 0.9368997, MSE = 0.0003628, AARE% = 3.7075695) and decision tree (with R² = 0.9374603, MSE = 0.0003596, AARE% = 3.5759954) models are the most accurate in predicting the thermal conductivity of nano-enhanced PEG. These models achieve the highest coefficient of determination (R²) and the lowest error metrics (MSE and AARE%), highlighting their exceptional capacity to recognize intricate patterns and provide accurate forecasts, particularly for forecasting thermal conductivity. Also, it is implied that temperature, molecular weight of PEG, and nanoparticle concentration all tend to increase the thermal conductivity, with nanoparticle concentration being the most effective factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 457-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of fiber parameters and surface treatment in caster fiber- reinforced polyester composites","authors":"K. Nijandhan ,&nbsp;R. Muralikannan ,&nbsp;Deepak B. Thimiri Govinda Raj ,&nbsp;E. L. Pradeesh","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2477562","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2477562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This investigation focused on identifying the effect of fiber parameters (fiber length, fiber weight) on the mechanical properties of pretreated caster fiber-reinforced polyester composites. The composite plates were fabricated using the hand layup technique by varying the fiber length and fiber content in polyester matrix composites. The tensile, flexural, and impact tests were conducted as per ASTM standards. Fracture mechanism was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. It is found that the highest tensile (20.8 MPa), flexural (46.4 MPa), and impact (38.2 kJ/m²) strengths of composites with 30 mm fiber length and 40% fiber wt. content. The regression equation was formulated and optimum fiber parameters for better mechanical properties were identified using response surface methodology and pattern search optimization algorithm. This study confirms that caster fiber-reinforced polyester composites were used to lightweight engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 485-499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A green chemistry of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and a new copolymer of propylene oxide (PO) using natural catalysts","authors":"Mohamed Benadda ,&nbsp;Karima Oussadi ,&nbsp;Boumediene Haddou ,&nbsp;Asmaa Benettayeb ,&nbsp;Basant Lal ,&nbsp;Soumya Ghosh ,&nbsp;Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2474015","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2474015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of sustainable polymerization methods is essential for promoting green chemistry and minimizing environmental impact. This manuscript discusses the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), which resulted in a number-average molecular weight of <span><math><mrow><mrow><mrow><mrow><mover><mrow><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></mrow></mrow></mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>52</mn><mo></mo><mn>400</mn><mo></mo><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mtext>mol</mtext></math></span> and polydispersity of <span><math><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1.4</mn></math></span>, using a natural anionic catalyst. The yield of the polymerization is influenced by the ratio of Maghnite-Na + to monomer weight and the duration of the reaction. A yield of 65% was achieved with a maghnite-Na+/monomer weight ratio of 10% after 8 h of polymerizing methyl methacrylateMMA. Additionally, a new copolymer of propylene oxide (PO) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was synthesized through cationic polymerization. This copolymerization was conducted in bulk at a temperature of 20 °C. The yield of the copolymerization depends on the amount of maghnite-H⁺ used and the length of the reaction time. This modification provides a nontoxic and effective proton source for the cationic polymerization of various vinylic and heterocyclic monomers. The highest yield of the copolymer was obtained using Algerian montmorillonite modified with 0.25 M H₂SO₄. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed through ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 441-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface reactivity of polypropylene grafted with carboxylate groups (COO−) in the competitive adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ in aqueous solution","authors":"Mariela Molina Jacinto ,&nbsp;Karen Estefanía Zárate-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Rosa María Gómez-Espinosa","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2470944","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2470944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed a new material (PPAAcO⁻Na⁺) charge with carboxylate groups to remove metal ions (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Cu²⁺) through ion exchange of multimetal solutions, (PPAAcO)_nM²⁺. The polymeric surface of polypropylene (PP) was functionalized with carboxylate groups (PPAAcO⁻Na⁺) through grafting and the acid-base reaction of carboxylic acid (PPAA). FTIR-ATR corroborated the change of –COOH (1711 cm⁻¹) to COO⁻Na⁺ (1562 cm⁻¹) on functionalized PP. TGA-DSC showed a decrease in the melting energy of PPAA (75.09 J/g) and PPAAcO⁻Na⁺ (44.98 J/g). The effect of the grafting degree of COO⁻ and its relationship with the concentration of acrylic acid (AA) was studied with grafting of 30%, 80%, and 154% on PPAAcO⁻Na⁺. SEM-EDS evidenced the relationship of the AA concentration, showing a thickening of the PPAAcO⁻Na⁺ fibers. The performance of PPAAcO⁻Na⁺ as a function of the grafting degree in the removal of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Cu²⁺, showed the following trend: Pb²⁺&gt;Cd²⁺&gt;Cu^2+, achieving an efficiency greater than 90%. The fast adsorption of the metallic ions (120 min) suggests an ion exchange process, promoting a chemical interaction between PPAAcO⁻Na⁺ and the metallic ions, resulting in a polymer-metal complex (PPAAcO)_nM²⁺. PPAAcO⁻Na⁺ has the potential to be a new, easily obtained material capable of coordinating and stabilizing metal ions on its surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 423-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The optimization of leaf-structured polyaniline-titanium dioxide composite toward effective photodegradation of reactive black 5 dyes","authors":"Shu-Hui Khor ,&nbsp;Michelle Li-Yen Lee ,&nbsp;Wan Jefrey Basirun ,&nbsp;Joon-Ching Juan ,&nbsp;Sook-Wai Phang","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2470221","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2470221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discharge of toxic organic dye from textile industries causes concerning effects on aquatic life, and this raises the urgent need for an effective treatment method that can preserve the environment. Recently, photocatalysis has been widely studied due to its environmentally friendly nature in which hazardous organic compounds can be converted into carbon dioxide and water through solar energy. In this research, polyaniline (PANI) with a leaf micro/nanostructure (L-PANI) is used to form a composite with different weight % (wt %) of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) to be used as a photocatalyst toward the photodegradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dyes. Based on the results, L-PANI with 5 wt %, 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt % of TiO₂ showed photodegradation of 44.2%, 48.8%, 41.7%, and 35.5%, respectively toward RB5 dyes. The optimum photodegradation parameters were further studied using L-PANI-TiO₂ (10 wt %), and it was found that a photodegradation efficiency of 98.2% is achieved with 80 min of dark adsorption time, 180 min of light reaction time, 10 ppm of initial RB5 dye concentration, and 25 mg of photocatalyst. To achieve 100% photodegradation of RB5 dye, the light reaction time was extended to 210 mines, and the 10 ppm of RB5 dye was successfully photodegraded to 100% using 25 mg of L-PANI-TiO₂ (10 wt %) photocatalyst. This shows the potency of L-PANI-TiO₂ as an effective photocatalyst toward the photodegradation of RB5 dye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 408-422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From carbon inspiration to energy innovation: epoxy nano-composites for thermal and dielectric excellence","authors":"Gurukarthik Babu Balachandran ,&nbsp;Muthu Eshwaran Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Hariharasudhan Thangaraj ,&nbsp;Anandha Balaji Alexander","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2466582","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2466582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, polymer dielectrics have revolutionized several electrical and related fields. As inductive devices, transformers produce a lot of heat, which makes them susceptible to damage at high voltages and after prolonged use. In this case, an epoxy polymer matrix with nano reinforcement is examined to investigate its potential to enhance a dry-type transformer winding’s cooling and thermal conductivity. The polymer composite consists of nanocarbon blended with epoxy resin to produce a high thermal conductivity composite. Through the incorporation of a range of nanocarbon particles (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%), the epoxy resin matrix was modified. Using central composite design optimization, the polymer composite’s composition is also evaluated for optimal performance. In addition, dielectric strength, thermal conductivity, Izod impact, tensile, water absorption tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and morphological studies were conducted for the optimized value from response surface methodology. It was found that the dielectric strength was 145 V/mm, thermal conductivity was 0.45 W/m.K, and Izod impact was 0.6 (J/mm) for the optimized sample. Finally, insulation temperature tests were conducted on a 0.5-kVA dry-type transformer for a prepared sample and compared with the normal winding. The rate of decrease of insulation temperature was found to be 24.4%. The composite increased insulation performance and verified its reliability as a solid coolant. Dry-type transformers in remote microgrids distribute energy from renewable sources like solar and wind energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 377-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on water properties and spatial structure of water in poly(2-methoxy ethylacrylate)s with different molecular weights by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","authors":"Akira Mochizuki ,&nbsp;Yuko Miwa ,&nbsp;Konatsu Yoneyama ,&nbsp;Chie Yahata ,&nbsp;Yoshiki Oda","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2467164","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2467164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) is known for its favorable blood compatibility, attributed to its unique intermediate water content, as identified by differential scanning calorimetry. Previously, we reported that PMEA contains two types of water—upfield and downfield waters—characterized by ²H-nuclear magnetic resonance (²H-NMR) and proposed that upfield water is a key factor in expressing good blood compatibility. In the present study, further investigations of the role of upfield water and clarification of the spatial water structure were performed using PMEAs with different molecular weights. ²H-NMR analysis revealed that the upfield water content was almost constant, regardless of the molecular weight, whereas the downfield water content increased with an increase in the molecular weight of PMEA. Based on these findings, the role of upfield water is discussed. Homonuclear and heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopies revealed that upfield water existed near the methoxy group of PMEA, within a 0.5 nm range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 393-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}