International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of shape recovery stress and motion derivatives in 4D printed shape memory polymers for actuator application","authors":"Sivanagaraju Namathoti ,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar Sahu ,&nbsp;Duryodhan Sahu ,&nbsp;Ragavanantham Shanmugam ,&nbsp;P. S. Rama Sreekanth","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2549503","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2549503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have garnered great interest due to their remarkable property of recovering their original shape under external stimulus. When combined with 4D printing, such materials hold revolutionary potential in adaptive structures and smart systems with promising implications in numerous applications. This work systematically explores the recovery stress of 4D printed SMPs in a simple and efficient approach. The recovery process was carried out in a water bath under the constraint of a nylon string. Apart from this, the shape recovery motion profiles of SMPs with and without the restraining string were explored to examine the velocity and acceleration of shape recovery during the process. The findings are valuable information on the resulting recovery stress, which was found to be 0.1711 MPa. The findings are important input data for the design of 4D printed SMP actuators and functional devices in general, thus making their development for practical applications easier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 170-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esterified guar gum: synthesis, characterization, and evaluation as excipient for mouth dissolving tablets","authors":"Rashmi Sharma ,&nbsp;Vikramjeet Singh ,&nbsp;Munish Ahuja","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2561954","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2561954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study focuses on the modification of guar gum using 2-Dodecen-1-yl succinic anhydride through a nucleophilic substitution reaction in an aqueous basic medium. The successful modification of guar gum was confirmed using spectral characterizations. The degree of substitution was determined to be 0.23. Modified guar gum was thermally more stable. Morphological analysis showed the presence of agglomerates on the surface of the modified guar gum. The viscosity of the modified guar gum was significantly reduced, while its molecular weight increased. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that native and modified guar gum are non-cytotoxic. The modification process also terminated the swelling property of guar gum, leading to rapid dispersion in water. Based on these findings, mouth-dissolving tablets of modified guar gum were prepared using metoclopramide as a model drug. For comparison, tablets incorporating disintegrants like croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate were also formulated. <em>In vitro</em> release studies demonstrated that within 5 min, all batches of tablets released more than 95% of the drug in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The drug release pattern of modified gum tablets and the marketed formulation was similar. In conclusion, the esterified guar gum demonstrates potential as an effective pharmaceutical excipient for fast-dissolving tablet formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 251-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Onion peel dye as a maintainable approach to modify the linear and non-linear optical characteristics of PVA polymer","authors":"Ahang M. Hussein ,&nbsp;Eman M. Abdul Karim ,&nbsp;Dyari M. Mamand ,&nbsp;Shajwan A. Rasul ,&nbsp;Shujahadeen B. Aziz","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2553620","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2553620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for eco-friendly materials with tunable optical properties has encouraged the use of natural dyes in polymer composites. In this study, onion peel dye (OPD) extracted from peel wastes was incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to improve its optical performance. Flexible PVA:OPD films were prepared using the simple casting technique, and their structural and optical properties were systematically investigated. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups in OPDs and revealed strong interactions with the PVA matrix. UV–Vis studies showed that dye doping significantly altered the optical response. The optical bandgap decreased from 5.38 to 2.83 eV for direct transitions and from 4.55 to 1.95 eV for indirect transitions, while the Urbach energy increased from 0.33 to 0.66 eV, indicating enhanced localized states and structural disorder. The dispersion parameters derived from the Wemple–DiDomenico model also changed notably: <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> varied between <strong>1</strong>.05–1.18 eV and <strong>2</strong>.64–4.22 eV, respectively; the oscillator strength (<span><math><mi>N</mi><mo>/</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∗</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>) increased from <span><math><mn>0.457</mn><mo>×</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>53</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mn>8.294</mn><mo>×</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>53</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>; and the plasma frequency (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) rose from <span><math><mn>1.149</mn><mo>×</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mn>4.898</mn><mo>×</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> Hz. In addition, the resonance wavelength (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) shifted from 305.9 nm to 560.6 nm at low energy and from 134.1 nm to 353.9 nm at high energy, confirming strong modification of dielectric behavior. These results demonstrate that natural OPDs effectively tailor both the linear and nonlinear optical properties of PVA. The developed films are eco-friendly, low-cost, and exhibit promising potential for use in optoelectronic devices, UV-shielding coatings, and nonlinear optical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 200-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimentation and predictive modelling of Fused filament fabrication parts by finite element analysis and fuzzy Inference system","authors":"Bhupesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Vishal Singh ,&nbsp;Harsh Pathak ,&nbsp;Ayush Shukla ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kavde ,&nbsp;Nigam Verma ,&nbsp;Tapish Raj ,&nbsp;Akash Jain ,&nbsp;Pushpendra Yadav ,&nbsp;Ankit Sahai ,&nbsp;Rahul Swarup Sharma","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2548943","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2548943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of critical process parameters on the tensile strength (TS) of components fabricated using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) with Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) polymers. Specimens were printed with varying layer thicknesses (0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.6 mm) and different infill patterns (triangular, grid, and line) to evaluate their mechanical performance under uniaxial tensile loading. Experimental tensile testing was supported by Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations to visualize stress distributions and validate failure mechanisms. Additionally, a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) was developed to predict TS based on processing inputs, demonstrating high predictive accuracy. The results showed that PLA samples consistently outperformed ABS, with the highest TS recorded at 43.15 MPa for PLA using 0.4 mm layer thickness and line infill. ABS achieved a maximum TS of 25.40 MPa under similar conditions with a triangular infill. FEM simulations aligned closely with experimental data, producing an average error of 6.09%, while FIS predictions demonstrated even greater accuracy with an average error of 5.00%. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed filament material as the most significant contributor to TS variation, accounting for 96.84% of the total effect. The integration of experimental testing, FEM analysis, and FIS modeling offers a comprehensive framework for optimizing structural performance in FFF-fabricated components. This approach contributes to the development of predictive methodologies for reliable, load-bearing applications in additive manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 145-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gellan gum and pectin buccal films containing itraconazole for the potential treatment of oral candidiasis: polymer ratios and crosslinker impact on physicochemical and mucoadhesive properties","authors":"Danilo Candido Dias ,&nbsp;Beatriz Stringhetti Ferreira Cury ,&nbsp;Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião ,&nbsp;Fernanda Isadora Boni","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2557321","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2557321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymeric films are effective for topical drug delivery due to their flexibility and adaptability, which are advantageous for patients who have difficulty with traditional dosage forms. Films can offer extended residence times and controlled drug release based on their composition. Gellan gum (GG) and pectin (P) are promising materials due to their mucoadhesive properties and pH-responsive behavior. In this study, GG/P films, crosslinked with Ca²⁺ and/or Al³⁺ containing or not itraconazole (ITZ), were developed for the potential treatment of oral candidiasis. Films were produced by ionotropic gelation method followed by solvent casting and assessed for macroscopic appearance, thickness, surface pH, mechanical properties, saliva uptake, erosion, and mucoadhesion. The films’ surface pH ranged from 4.7 to 5.5, with a thickness of &lt;1 mm. Average saliva uptake was 9.32 mL/g, and the erosion varied from 13% to 44%, with films based on GG:P (4:1) and crosslinked with Ca²⁺ showing the lowest value. Films exhibited elongation before perforation from 0.78% to 2.43% and breaking point from 17.44 to 66.44 mPa. Films showed high mucoadhesive capacity, and the incorporation of ITZ did not affect this property, resulting in greater mechanical strength and lower erosion. The set of data proved that the developed platform is promising for the proposed application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 223-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuated total reflectance-mid infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics: rapid assessment tool for the characterization and discrimination of papers based on their fiber contents","authors":"Birol Üner ,&nbsp;Fatma Nur Arslan ,&nbsp;Şükriye Nihan Karuk Elmas ,&nbsp;İbrahim Yılmaz ,&nbsp;Hakan Demirel","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2549509","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2549509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, the practicability of the attenuated total reflectance-mid infrared (ATR-MIR) technique combined with chemometrics was reported for the expeditious characterization and discrimination of the papers based on their fiber contents. In accordance with this purpose, twenty-six paper samples (<em>n = 26</em>) with different contents were prepared from three different fiber sources (<em>long fiber, short fiber, and deinked fiber</em>), and they were studied using ATR-MIR spectroscopy allied with principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA). The mechanical characteristics [<em>weight (g), grammage (g.m⁻²), thickness (mm), tensile index (Nm.g⁻¹), breaking length (km), moisture absorption (%), brightness (R457), whiteness and yellowness degree (E313)</em>] of the samples were also determined and evaluated. The spectra were obtained in the wavenumber region of 4000–650 cm⁻¹ and up to 30 wavenumber regions related to the components of papers were analyzed for chemometrics. A total of 100% of paper samples from different groups could be correctly classified by the SIMCA model with an accuracy of 95%. As well, a total of 94.87% of the samples were acceptably classified by the LDA model with an accuracy of 95%. Consequently, the developed chemometrics models based on ATR–MIR data could overcome many problems encountered in routine standard methods for the mechanical characteristics in practice because they decrease or eliminate the usage of destructive methods, could be utilized by unqualified persons, and are significantly faster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 184-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromechanics and experimental analysis of randomly oriented flax fiber reinforced with recycled EPS waste composites","authors":"Abdu Mohammed ,&nbsp;DK Nageswara Rao","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2561953","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2561953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the experimental and theoretical analyses of the tensile behavior of randomly oriented flax fiber reinforced with expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste composites. The effects of flax fiber volume fractions (20%, 30%, and 40%) on the composite’s tensile properties were analyzed. Several theoretical models, namely the rule of mixtures (ROM) series, modified Bader and Bowyer, Hirsch, Palsule, Cox-Krenchel, and Einstein-Guth models, were compared to the experimental results of the formulated composites. The theoretical predictions of tensile strength from the Hirsch and modified Bader and Bowyer models showed close alignment with experimental results. Cox-Krenchel, Palsule, and Hirsch’s model better predicts the tensile modulus of a composite at 30% fiber loading. Additionally, this research highlights the potential of utilizing natural fibers in combination with recycled EPS materials to produce eco-friendly composites with improved performance for construction applications, such as house panels and automobile interior components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 237-250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiol-functionalized CeO2 in PPy-CeO2 nanocomposites with improved electrochemical performance for supercapacitor applications","authors":"Darshana Upadye Beelagi ,&nbsp;R. M. Hodlur ,&nbsp;Shivakumar. Mathapati ,&nbsp;J. S. Doddamani","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2548335","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2548335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conducting polymer-metal oxide nanocomposites hold considerable promise for advanced supercapacitor electrodes. In this study, thiol-functionalized CeO₂ nanoparticles were integrated into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix using graphite oxide (GO) as a binder to improve dispersion and interfacial interaction. The nanocomposites were uniformly deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and scrupulously characterized. Among various formulations, the optimized PPy: GO: CeO₂ ration of 70:10:20 delivered the best electrochemical performance. Structural and interfacial features were confirmed from XRD, FTIR, TEM, and TGA analyses. The optimized composite exhibited a high specific capacitance of 530 F/g at 5 mV/s, along with exceptional cyclic stability, retaining 96.84% of its capacitance after 1000 cycles, and delivered ∼ 105% Coulombic efficiency at 10 A/g. Thus, anchoring CeO₂ nanostructures into the PPy matrix enhanced both charge storage and thermal stability, highlighting its prospect as a high-performance electrode material for next-generation supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 129-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights to structural, morphological, thermal and spectroscopic properties of chitosan biopolymer functionalized with extracted dye of discarded Bougainvillea brackets (DBG) steps","authors":"Ismael I. Huseen ,&nbsp;Ary R. Murad ,&nbsp;Shujahadeen B. Aziz","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2548332","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2548332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, structural, thermal, morphological, and optical properties of chitosan (CS) films functionalized with natural dyes extracted from discarded Bougainvillea bracts (DBG) were studied. The ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR data were used to provide a thorough understanding of the chemical components of the extracted DBG dye. The DBG dye has functional groups, such as OH, NH, C = O, and C = C, as identified by FTIR analysis. Dye-doped CS films exhibited a diminished and broadened OH band, indicating hydrogen bonding. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer in order to prevent film brittleness. The green-synthesized CS-dye-doped films show enhanced optical characteristics with varying amounts of DBG dye. The optical energy band gap is assessed by analyzing the dielectric loss, while the kinds of electronic transitions in the films are identified using Tauc’s method. It shows that the energy gap decreases from 5.15 to 2.10 eV. This is ascribed to an improvement in the density of states. The XRD study shows a reduction in the amorphous phase; also, the Urbach energy values confirm an increase in crystallinity. Various optoelectronic parameters were studied at different concentrations of the dye. Furthermore, the TGA study indicates that the incorporation of the DBG enhances the thermal stability of CS. The optical characteristics investigation revealed that waste floral dyes (DBG) are an effective dopant for modifying the band structure of functional polymers, surpassing other typical fillers. Thermal examination through TGA established the impact of the dye on thermal stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 1","pages":"Pages 90-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of GNP-reinforced PVC/PMMA polymer nanocomposites for capacitive energy storage applications","authors":"Abdullah F. Al Naim ,&nbsp;A. A. Al-Muntaser","doi":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2547895","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1023666X.2025.2547895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to enhance the dielectric and electrical properties of PVC/PMMA polymer blends by incorporating graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) for potential use in energy storage devices. Nanocomposites were prepared via the solution casting method and characterized using various analytical techniques such as XRD, HR-TEM, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, dielectric measurements, AC conductivity, and impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the emergence of a sharp crystalline peak at 2θ = 26.48°, corresponding to the (002) plane of GNPs, while the overall crystallinity of the polymer nanocomposites decreased due to disrupted polymer chain packing. HR-TEM imaging confirmed the layered morphology of GNPs, emphasizing 2D nanostructure with high surface area. FTIR spectroscopy indicated strong interfacial interactions, including π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. UV-Vis. absorption spectra exhibited a redshift and increased intensity with higher GNP content, correlating with band gap narrowing due to charge carrier delocalization. Dielectric measurements demonstrated a remarkable increase in the dielectric constant (ε′), reaching 1.6 × 103 at 10 Hz for the 0.25 wt.% GNP composite, attributed to Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarization. AC conductivity analysis revealed a transition from insulating to conductive behavior with increasing GNP concentration, supported by impedance spectroscopy, which showed a reduction in bulk resistance. These findings highlight the potential of GNP-reinforced PVC/PMMA composites for capacitive energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14236,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization","volume":"31 1","pages":"Pages 55-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}