International Journal of Phytoremediation最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing dye adsorption performance of sporopollenin through Thymssol-Menthol-based deep eutectic Solvent functionalization.","authors":"Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi, Saleha Shamsudin, Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim, Syazwani Mahmad Puzi, Nur Arindi Maisarah Afrizal, Wan Khairunnisa Wan Ramli","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2743770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2743770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dye pollution from industrial wastewater, including that from the batik industry, threatens aquatic ecosystems and water resources. Adsorption is a cost-effective and sustainable method for dye remediation. This study focused on synthesizing thymol-menthol-based deep eutectic solvent functionalized sporopollenin (T:M@DES-Sp) as a new adsorbent for Rhodamine B (RB) remediation. The synthesized adsorbent material showed O-H and C-H stretching peaks at 3311 cm^-1 and 2924 cm^-1, respectively. The contact angle measurement was less than 90°, indicating a hydrophilic surface, and the thermogram showed a major weight loss in the temperature range of 120-185 °C, which is attributed to the simultaneous decomposition of thymol and menthol in a single step. The modification of Sp with DES markedly improved the adsorption performance, increasing RB dye uptake by nearly fourfold compared to Sp, underscoring the effectiveness of DES functionalization for dye removal from aqueous media. The adsorption of RB dye using T:M@DES-Sp is a spontaneous process, with ΔG° ranging from -2.39 to -0.64 kJ/mol, while ΔH° is -28.27 kJ/mol, indicating an exothermic process. T:M@DES-Sp achieved good removal efficiency for RB dye in both synthetic and real samples and demonstrated good reusability performance for up to six cycles. Moreover, its disposal after the adsorption process is nontoxic to the environment, as <i>Pisum sativum</i> showed 100% germination, comparable to that in freshwater. Hence, this study provides an eco-friendly and efficient solution for dye removal, supporting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 by improving water quality and promoting sustainable industrial practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated nanopore profiling of fungal and bacterial endophytes reveals microbiome reorganization in <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> under heavy metal stress.","authors":"V Soumya, P Kiranmayi, T Indraneela, G Chandrika, N Akhileshwar","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2740721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2740721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endophytes play a crucial role in plant adaptation to environmental stress; however, their coordinated responses to heavy metal contamination remain insufficiently understood, particularly in medicinal plants. This study investigated the influence of metal-contaminated soils on the composition and structuring of endophytic communities associated with <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>, a pharmaceutically significant species. Plants were cultivated for 12 months in contaminated soil collected from an industrial site, Hindustan Shipyard Limited (Visakhapatnam, India), and in uncontaminated control soil from the GITAM garden. Surface-sterilized leaf and root tissues were subjected to culture-independent microbial profiling. Fungal endophytes were characterized using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon sequencing, while bacterial communities were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore platform. Sequencing data were processed through established bioinformatic pipelines, with taxonomic classification performed against the UNITE and Greengenes databases. The results revealed pronounced tissue- and site-specific shifts in endophytic community composition, with root tissues exhibiting greater microbial diversity than leaves. Communities from contaminated soils displayed reduced overall diversity but selective enrichment of stress-tolerant and metal-adapted taxa, indicating strong environmental filtering. These findings demonstrate that heavy metal-stress drives restructuring of endophytic assemblages and highlight the potential of native endophytes in microbe-assisted phytoremediation and sustainable management of metal-contaminated soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation and translocation of rare earth elements in <i>Medicago sativa</i> L. grown in coal fly ash-amended substrates.","authors":"Isaac Douglas, Manoj Mohanty, Behrooz Abbasi","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2741677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2741677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A greenhouse pot experiment investigated the bioaccumulation and translocation of Cerium (Ce), Erbium (Er), Europium (Eu), Neodymium (Nd), and Praesodymium (Pr) in <i>Medicago sativa L.</i> grown in a substrate amended with 0, 20, 30, and 40% coal fly ash (CFA, w/w). Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were highest in the unamended control, indicating that CFA loading reduced uptake efficiency consistent with pH-driven REE immobilization. Shoot REE concentrations exceeded root concentrations for most elements at later growth stages, with Eu dominating accumulation, peaking at 304.44 µg g^-1 (shoot + root) under 20% CFA at 120 days. Translocation factors (TF) exceeded 1 for most elements in specific treatments by 180 days, except Eu and Pr, which exceeded 1 across all treatments, with plant maturity emerging as a critical determinant of REE distribution between roots and shoots. CFA amendment stimulated shoot biomass production and increased shoot REE accumulation for all five elements at later growth stages, with the optimal amendment rate shifting between growth stages. These findings suggest that <i>Medicago sativa</i> has meaningful potential for REE accumulation from CFA-amended substrates, particularly for Eu, Nd, and Pr, and that plant maturity and amendment rate should be considered jointly when evaluating phytoextraction strategies in CFA-amended systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149108986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solidification function of biochar-modified red mud-based geopolymer to heavy metals.","authors":"Jingjing Liu, Bing Bai, Xiaoyi Jiang, Mengkai Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2739930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2739930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared the effects of corn biochar (CB) and bamboo biochar (BB) on the strength development and Cu²⁺/Cd²⁺ immobilization performance of a high-strength red mud-based geopolymer (RMG). Red mud (RM), fly ash (FA), and blast furnace slag (BFS) were used to prepare geopolymer matrices, which were further modified with CB and BB. The results showed that the geopolymer matrix achieved high strength at an RM/FA/BFS mass ratio of 10:4:6, and 3 wt% biochar was selected for the metal immobilization tests based on the compressive strength results. At this dosage, the mean 28-day compressive strengths of CB-RMG and BB-RMG were 43.21 and 41.89 MPa, showing similar strength levels. For BB-RMG specimens containing 3.0 wt% elemental Cu or Cd, the short-term leachate concentrations were 1.98 mg/L for Cu²⁺ and 0.22 mg/L for Cd²⁺. At 42 days, the cumulative leaching parameters of BB-RMG were lower than those of control RMG by 44.15% for Cu²⁺ and 69.32% for Cd²⁺. The lower metal release was consistent with possible contributions from gel encapsulation, pore blocking, retention within biochar pores, and metal binding at biochar surfaces. CB-RMG showed slightly higher compressive strength, while BB-RMG showed lower Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ release.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing greywater phytoremediation through microbial assistance for sustainable urban water management.","authors":"Fanar Hamad Alshammari, Sajid Ali","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2741678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2741678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing global water scarcity has intensified the need for sustainable and decentralized wastewater treatment solutions. Phytoremediation using plants such as <i>Helianthus annuus</i> offers an environmentally friendly option for greywater reuse, yet its effectiveness is often constrained by plant stress under high surfactant loads. In this study, we introduce an integrated approach that combines microbial-assisted phytoremediation with machine learning (ML) to both enhance and predict remediation performance. Plants were supplemented with a rhizospheric consortium of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>. Relative to the greywater-only treatment, the three-member treatment was associated with higher indole-3-acetic acid concentrations and higher superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, indicating an altered antioxidant-enzyme response. These measurements do not directly establish lower reactive oxygen species accumulation or oxidative damage. To move beyond purely empirical evaluation, we developed a Bio-AI predictive model based on a hybrid Random Forest algorithm that integrates biochemical indicators with environmental variables and semantic representations of qualitative descriptors. The computational Bio-AI dataset comprised 500 observations (<i>N</i> = 500). Within the evaluated dataset and specified validation procedure, the SBERT-augmented Random Forest model achieved an <i>R</i>² of 0.96, compared with approximately 0.65 for the linear-regression baseline. A separately defined classification task yielded a ROC-AUC of 0.98 for the Bio-AI model. These results indicate improved predictive performance within the evaluated dataset; however, independent cross-site and cross-species validation is required before operational deployment. Preliminary cross-species evaluation further suggested transferability of the physiological features, although this finding should be interpreted as exploratory rather than definitive evidence of generalizability. By linking physiological responses with advanced computational modeling, this work presents a scalable and practical framework for optimizing phytoremediation systems in urban water management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative biomedical and photocatalytic efficacy of <i>Malvastrum coromandelianum</i> (L.) aqueous extract-assisted green synthesized zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles.","authors":"Shumaila Iqbal, Naveed Ahmad, Abu Bakar Siddique, Azhar Abbas, Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari, Hassan Ejaz, Omar A Alsaidan","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2739940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2739940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents the biogenic synthesis of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) and ZnO NPs using aqueous leaf extract of <i>Malvastrum coromandelianum</i> as a green reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized NPs were characterized by UV-vis, PXRD, FTIR, ZP, DLS, SEM, TEM, BET, and EDX. The photocatalytic potential of the synthesized NPs was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under sunlight. The synthesized ZnO and CuO NPs also exhibited remarkable biomedical applications by showing strain-specific antibacterial activity and substantial antioxidant properties assessed by DPPH, FRAP, and TPC assays. CuO NPs were more effective against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> and <i>S. enterica</i>, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 15 ± 0.85 and 13 ± 1.75 mg/mL, respectively, while ZnO NPs targeted <i>P. aeruginosa</i> more efficiently, with an MIC value of 12 ± 1.9 mg/mL. CuO NPs have also demonstrated better antioxidant efficacy than ZnO NPs, assessed by DPPH, FRAP, and TPC assays. All these applications highlighted the photocatalytic and biomedical efficacy of green-synthesized CuO NPs and ZnO NPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-resilient wastewater phytoremediation for pollutant removal and resource recovery.","authors":"Abhilasha Shourie, Anita Girdhar, Somya Asthana, Aneta Kowalska, Nancy Thakur, Yogita Sharma","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2729103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2729103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater treatment plants use technologies that are designed only for contaminant degradation and do not focus on resource recovery, defying the circular economy approach. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and sustainable technology that is cost-effective and low on energy consumption. It utilizes the innate ability of plants to sequester pollutants and assimilate them in their biomass. This technique has long been integrated with constructed wetland systems to treat wastewater and has been successful in the natural elimination of pollutants. However, the disposal of post-phytoremediation biomass into the environment has always been a challenge. Reusing plant biomass for resource recovery could be a sustainable way to completely recycle the resources and create value from the wastewater while using a phytoremediation approach. This review critically emphasizes the potential of phytoremediation for the removal of pollutants from wastewater and underscores the worth of plant biomass for resource recovery after phytoremediation. The mechanisms of phytoremediation have been discussed, and applications of plant and associated microbial diversity have been summarized. The phytoremediation modules and plant diversity used in constructed wetlands have been discussed, and the prospects of utilizing plants for recovery of valuable products, biomass, and energy have been explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a bioresource-based adsorbent from activated coconut shell and chitosan-oxalic acid for safranin O dye removal: RSM optimization and circular resource management.","authors":"Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed, Rima Heider Al Omari, Mohammed Al-Yaari, Samaa Abdullah, Mahmoud Abualhaija","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2734565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2734565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work demonstrates the design of a bioresource-based adsorbent for the effective removal of organic dyes, embodying the principles of circular resource management by transforming waste into a water-treatment resource. Thus, the current study aims to valorize activated lignocellulosic biomass (coconut shell) combined with chitosan-oxalic acid to develop an eco-friendly adsorbent of cross-linked chitosan-oxalic acid/activated coconut shell (CTS-OX/CS-H) for the uptake of safranin O (SFO) dye from water systems. Several methods, including pH_pzc, XRD, CHNS-O, FTIR, BET, and FESEM, were used to study the physicochemical properties of CTS-OX/CS-H. The adsorption performance of CTS-OX/CS-H was optimized by the use of response surface methodology (RSM), taking into account variables such as CTS-OX/CS-H dose (0.02-0.08 g), pH (4-10), and time (10-40 min). The BBD model findings showed that a CTS-OX/CS-H dosage of 0.059 g, a solution pH of 9, and a removal time of 24.7 min were the ideal values for maximal SFO uptake (94.7%). The adsorption of SFO onto CTS-OX/CS-H is well described by the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order model, indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface governed mainly by physisorption. The CTS-OX/CS-H adsorbent exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 496.19 mg/g at an adsorbent dosage of 0.059 g, pH 9, and a temperature of 25 °C. Electrostatic forces between the positive group of SFO and the acidic groups of CTS-OX/CS-H are principally responsible for the remarkable adsorption of SFO onto CTS-OX/CS-H. This work supports environmental sustainability by integrating water treatment with circular waste management principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Sphagnum palustre</i> moss bags as sentinels to monitor indoor air PAHs in university libraries.","authors":"Qimei Wu, Zeke Li, Guangyuan Mo, Zhaohui Zhang, Yanyan Mu, Haifeng Ding","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2734570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2734570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indoor air quality in libraries impairs user health and productivity. This study first employed <i>Sphagnum palustre</i> moss bags as low-cost sentinels to monitor indoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) across three university libraries differing in age and location. Moss bags were deployed for 45 days during the non-heating (autumn) and heating (winter) periods in study rooms, electronic reading rooms, stack rooms, and outdoors. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 487.20 to 1,049.86 µg/kg in autumn and 734.60 to 3,167.35 µg/kg in winter, with phenanthrene, naphthalene, pyrene, and fluoranthene as dominant congeners. Indoor-to-outdoor ratios indicated indoor sources at some sites in autumn, but outdoor infiltration in winter. Diagnostic ratios revealed petrogenic origins in autumn and mixed petrogenic/pyrogenic inputs in winter at the study room of older libraries, influenced by domestic heating. The levels, profiles, and sources of indoor PAHs varied with room function, building age and location, outdoor air quality, and season. These findings demonstrate that <i>S. palustre</i> moss bags are effective sentinels for detecting spatial and seasonal variations in indoor PAHs, offering a practical alternative for high-density indoor air quality monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of native plant selection for phytomining of strategic/critical raw materials using Artificial Bee Colony algorithm.","authors":"E Işıl Arslan Topal, Murat Topal, Erdal Çelik, Erdal Öbek","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2735401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2735401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the potential of native plant species (NPs) as secondary sources for strategic/critical raw materials (SCRMs) through phytomining, aiming to identify the most efficient accumulator for sustainable element recovery. To achieve high-precision results, the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, a robust meta-heuristic optimization technique inspired by the foraging behavior of honeybees, was utilized to minimize the error between experimental data and predicted models to optimize the accumulation of key elements including cobalt (Co), strontium (Sr), antimony (Sb), vanadium (V), phosphorus (P), lanthanum (La), magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), and scandium (Sc). The research focused on three NP species-Musk thistle (MT), curly dock (CD), and Juncus (JS)-collected from a geothermal hot spring area. Methodological validation was performed through comparative statistical analysis and the calculation of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) to assess phytoremediation efficiency. The ABC optimization results revealed that MT exhibited the most significant accumulation capacity, particularly for Mg, reaching a peak concentration of 3,910 mg/kg_dw in the leaves. The concentration range (lowest to highest value) was between 0.01 (for La) and 3,910 mg/kg_dw for the studied plants. Principal component analysis (PCA) corroborated these findings, explaining cumulative variances of 80.4% (MT), 89.4% (CD), and 76.4% (JS). The innovation of this study lies in the application of the ABC algorithm to the field of phytomining, which offers a more dynamic and flexible alternative to traditional regression-based models. The primary advantage of this proposed method is its superior global search capability and ability to handle multi-elemental interactions with high predictive accuracy. However, a potential disadvantage remains the computational complexity and the requirement for fine-tuning control parameters to ensure consistent convergence. Overall, MT is identified as a highly promising candidate for the phytomining of SCRMs, with Mg emerging as the most effectively accumulated element under the optimized ABC model.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}