R. Bhaskar, Seema K. Singh, Pooja Singh, Sandeep Singh, Pooja Gaur, Sarika Pandey
{"title":"Measurement of Procalcitonin in acute exacerbation of COPD and its correlation to Spirometric Indices","authors":"R. Bhaskar, Seema K. Singh, Pooja Singh, Sandeep Singh, Pooja Gaur, Sarika Pandey","doi":"10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(6).2833-2839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(6).2833-2839","url":null,"abstract":"Background: rational prescription of antibiotics in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) requires predictive markers. Acute phase reactants are capable of demonstrating the inflammation; however, they cannot be employed to make a difference between bacterial and non-bacterial causes of the inflammation. The bacterial infection plays an important role in the exacerbation of COPD patients. Recently, measurement of serum procalcitonin levels appears to be useful in order to minimize this problem. We aim to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic \u0000Methods & methods: 51 COPD patients with bacterial exacerbations, 47 patients without bacterial exacerbations, similar age and sex were included in the study. PCT levels in the serum samples were measured in all subjects. \u0000Results: Procalcitonin levels ranged from 0.01 to 12.03 ng/ml. Mean levels were 3.18±2.60 ng/ml in Group I and 0.23±0.39 ng/ml in Group II. Median values in Groups I and II were 2.98 and 0.09 ng/ml respectively. Statistically, there was a significant difference between two groups (p<0.001) with Group I showing a higher mean value as compared to Group II. A significant near strong correlation was observed between TLC levels and serum Proclacitonin levels (r=0.699; p<0.001). However, a weak negative and borderline significant correlation. \u0000Conclusions: This study found increased PCT serum levels among AECOPD patients and suggests a role for PCT in the predicting of the bacterial exacerbations and their needs for ventilator support. We recommend other large studies to augment our endings.","PeriodicalId":14206,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"2833-2839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87622663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashok Thulluru, K. Venkatesh, Et Sarath Chowdhary, Sravanti Kakarla
{"title":"Formulation and evaluation of taste masked Amlodipine Besylate Fast-dissolving Sublingual Tablets","authors":"Ashok Thulluru, K. Venkatesh, Et Sarath Chowdhary, Sravanti Kakarla","doi":"10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(6).2824-2832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(6).2824-2832","url":null,"abstract":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.227 8-0238.2017.6(6).2824-2832 ABSTRACT: Aim: In the present study was to taste mask the Amlodipine Besylate (AML) by forming complex with Eudragit EPO by and further to enhance the dissolution rate AML by formulating these drug polymer complex (DPC) into fast dissolving sublingual tablet (SLT) by direct compression technique. Objectives: To prepare DPC by hot melt extrusion method. Physico-chemical characterization of DPC by FT-IR, DSC and XRD studies. To check the superiority of selected superdisintegrants [sodium starch glycolate (SSG), croscarmellose sodium (CCS), crosspovidone (CPV) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC)] in enhancing the dissolution rate of AML from its SLT. To fasten the onset of action, to decrease the hepatic metabolism and thereby increasing AML’s bioavailability in comparison to its conventional tablets. Methods: Standard calibration curve of AML in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer was constructed by spectrophotometric method, drug-excipient compatibility was checked by FT-IR studies. All the Formulations were evaluated for pre& post-compression studies. Accelerated stability studies up to 3 months were conducted for the optimized formulation in a HDPE container pack, as per ICH guidelines. Results and Discussions: Superdisintegrants used in the study are compatible with AML. Pre& postcompression parameters were within the acceptable limits for all formulations. In vitro dissolution kinetic studies indicate the release of AML from SLT increases with the increased concentration of superdisintegrants. The order of superdisintegrants in enhancing the dissolution rate of AML is CPV > SCMC > CCS > SSG. Formulation F3 with 8% w/w CPV, had the highest dissolution efficiency at 10 min (DE10 = 49.80 %); first order dissolution rate constant (K1 = 0.198 min ) with a regression coefficient (r = 0. 956) and lesser time for 50% of drug release (t50 < 6 min), which shows min wetting time of 21.12 sec and min disintegration time of 17 sec, was considered as the optimal SLT. It passed the test for stability as per ICH guidelines. Conclusion: An optimized taste masked AML SLT with the taste masked DPC in combination with the addition of artificial flavor and sweetener was formulated by the direct compression technique, with 8% w/w CPV as superdisintegrant, which will fasten the onset of action and enhances the bioavailability of AML in comparison to its conventional tablets. ⇑ Corresponding author at: Ashok Thulluru, Asstt. Prof., Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, A. Rangampet, Tirupati-517102, Chittoor Dist., AP India E-mail address: ashokthulluru@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":14206,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"2824-2832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76363277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pooja Gaur, S. Suryakant, R. Bhaskar, Seema Singh, P. Saxena, Shruti P. Agnihotri
{"title":"Incidence and Clinical profiles of Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients in North Indian population: A hospital based Retrospective study","authors":"Pooja Gaur, S. Suryakant, R. Bhaskar, Seema Singh, P. Saxena, Shruti P. Agnihotri","doi":"10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2773-2778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2773-2778","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important global health problems. The prevalence of TB is high among the developing world. This retrospective study was carried out to find the incidence and clinical profiles of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in North Indian population. \u0000Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 552 patients having EPTB and PTB was undertaken from the Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, U.P., Lucknow, out of which 300 were of pulmonary tuberculosis and 252 of EPTB. Demographic characteristics, clinical features and apparent risk factors of disease were obtained from medical case records of all patients visiting the hospital from. The Study included only the confirmed cases of EPTB and PTB with or without other co-infections. \u0000Results: Results were tabulated and statistically studied. The prevalence of EPTB was higher among females than males as compared to PTB and this was statistically significant (p=0.001). No significant (p>0.05) association was found between EPTB and PTB according to the place of residence. However, the tobacco habit, smoking habit, alcohol use and family history were found to be significantly (p<0.01) associated with the type of TB. Pleural (62.3%) site of EPTB was a most common site in EPTB patients. The study shows a significant (p=0.04) association between age distribution and disease condition (both EPTB and PTB) among males. A similar observation was found among female patients. The prevalence of EPTB was 1.80 times significantly higher among smokers. The prevalence of EPTB was also higher among those who had a family history of tuberculosis infection in comparison with new cases. Diabetes was present in 16.7% of the EPTB patients and MDR-TB was present in 12.7%. HIV was present in 8%. Most of the patients of EPTB were new cases (88.1) in comparison with the retreatment cases (11.9). \u0000Conclusion: Among evaluated tuberculosis patients, maximum had EPTB. Pleural tuberculosis was the most common presentation of EPTB. Both pulmonary, as well as extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, affected the younger population, between 20-40 years of age, more commonly. The study shows female preponderance among EPTB cases as compared to PTB cases. In female population, EPTB affected younger age group as compared to male patients where PTB was found to be more common. A Higher proportion of EPTB cases were found to be HIV positive and suffering from diabetes as compared to PTB.","PeriodicalId":14206,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":"2773-2778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88389068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and in vitro and in vivocharacterization of Solid Dispersions tablets of Azithromycin by melting method","authors":"Pawan Kumar, R. Mazumder","doi":"10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2769-2772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2769-2772","url":null,"abstract":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.227 8-0238.2017.6(5).2769-2772 ABSTRACT:Azithromycin is a cyclic-structure macrolide, shows prolonged antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Azithromycin belongs to BCS class II drug i.e. drug with poor solubility and good permeability. The major problems with this drug is its very poor solubility in biological fluids that results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. The objectives of the present research work were to develop the formulation with enhanced dissolution rate of poorly soluble azithromycin. The solid dispersion of azithromycin was prepared using carrier PEG 6000 by melting method. Tablets were formulated containing solid dispersion products and compared with tablet formulated by pure drug without any carrier. The in vitro dissolution studied showed improved dissolution rate and it was compared with in vivo studied using animal model. Dissolution enhancement of the drug being caused by change in crystalline nature of drug in to amorphous nature.","PeriodicalId":14206,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"2769-2772"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89840204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tyagi, G. Sharma, B. Shrivastava, Nitin Chaudhary, N. Sahu
{"title":"Cancer: An Overview","authors":"N. Tyagi, G. Sharma, B. Shrivastava, Nitin Chaudhary, N. Sahu","doi":"10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2740-2747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2740-2747","url":null,"abstract":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.227 8-0238.2017.6(5).2740-2747 ABSTRACT:Cancer is the second leading causes of deaths in western countries after heart disease. In US alone more than one million people are diagnosed with cancer annually and more than half result in death. Cancer is a medical condition where abnormal cells in body divided without any control. Cancers cells do not respond normally to the body’s control mechanism, so they divide excessively and invade the neighboring tissues. Cancer starts when a normal cell is instantly detected by body immune system. However, if the abnormal cells remain at the original site, it will result in the less severe condition termed as benign tumor. Benign tumor can be completely removed by surgery and pose little threat. Malignant tumors have capability to enter the blood stream invading other tissues and disrupting the normal function of various systems in the body. They are difficult to treat may become life threatening. Cancer cells can spread to distinct locations from the original site by a process called metastasis.","PeriodicalId":14206,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"2740-2747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88450361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Synergistic Anti-microbial efficacy of plant extracts and their formulation as Topical Agents","authors":"Z. Afsar, S. Khanam, A. Ram","doi":"10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2779-2785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2779-2785","url":null,"abstract":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.227 8-0238.2017.6(5).2779-2785 ABSTRACT:The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Cassia fistula, Ficusreligiosa, Milletiapinnataand Wendlandiathyrsoideaand to check the synergistic efficacy of these extracts when combined. The individual extracts and their combinations were evaluated against E coli (MTCC-1698), S aureus (MTCC-1143)and P aeruginosa (MTCC-2453) by agar diffusion method. The percentage growth inhibition of the combined extracts was determined by ditch plate method. The most active extract combinations were formulated as cream and gel including citronella oil and without oil in it. The prepared formulations were evaluated for their antimicrobial effect against two acne causing organisms viz; Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis at various concentrations. The extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial effect in combined form when compared to individual extracts in terms of zones of inhibition as well as percentage inhibition. The prepared cream and gel also exhibited significant antimicrobial effect against the selected strains. The physicochemical parameters of the prepared cream and gel also exhibited satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":14206,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":"2779-2785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81261133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study on the effects of different surfactants on morphology and drug release of Repaglinide Microspheres","authors":"V. Yadav, A. Rai, A. Ghosh","doi":"10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2786-2792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2786-2792","url":null,"abstract":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.22780238.2017.6(5). 2786-2792 ABSTRACT: Objectives: To rationalize the use of surfactants by preparing Repaglinide Microspheres using two types of Surfactants, Tween 80 and Span 80 and study their effects on different characteristics of the microspheres. Methods: The microspheres were produced by emulsion solvent evaporation method, using the Eudragit RS100, Ethylcellulose, Tween 80 and Span80. Results and discussion: The microspheres were free flowing in nature. The surfactant concentration was found to be greatly affected the microspheres size distribution and dissolution. Scanning Electron Microscopy was done to study the surface morphology of the microspheres. Results have indicated that the incorporation of hydrophilic surfactant (Tween 80) gave larger microspheres, where as incorporation of the hydrophobic surfactant (Span 80) gave smaller microspheres and hydrophilic surfactant containing microspheres had higher drug release rate compared to hydrophobic surfactant containing microspheres. Conclusion: Microspheres containing repaglinide was prepared successfully by using an emulsion solvent evaporation technique.","PeriodicalId":14206,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"2786-2792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81446964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute toxicity study of Mesenchymal Stromal cells derived from Wharton’s Jelly in mouse by intravenous and subcutaneous route","authors":"Jaianand Kannaiyan, S. Narayanan, A. Pandey","doi":"10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2748-2756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2748-2756","url":null,"abstract":": Aim: The present study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of WJ-MSCs in mouse by intravenous and subcutaneous route and to assess their potential for side effects, MLD, MTD and LD 50 . Objectives: Wide ranges of clinical and preclinical trials have suggested exploitation of adult MSCs for the cell-based reparative therapeutic approach; considering pros and cons of embryonic stem cells. However, for the clinical use existing adult stem cells source such as bone marrow, adipose tissue may be detrimental due to invasiveness in the procedure, less number of initial isolation and unsuitability for allogenic transplants. Recently fetal tissues such as Placenta, WJ have attracted as a good stem cell source due to its easy accessibility, ethical safety, immunological tolerance and large number of initial isolation of homogenous population necessary for increasing current market demand. Methods: In present study, we tried to work on complete characterization and up-scaling profiling of cells isolated from WJ, along with assessment of possible toxic effects of these cells when administered in-vivo and optimizing the route of administration with other clinical evaluation been addressed. Results: We confirmed that cells isolated from WJ exhibit morphologically and phenotypically similar properties as MSCs. The animal study also reveled that no mortality, no abnormal clinical signs and no remarkable pathological changes. Conclusion: Our animal toxicity study along with attempted rapid expansion of these cells to meet large clinical demands would allow them to be a lucrative candidate for clinical therapy.","PeriodicalId":14206,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"2748-2756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74620062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anti-tumor activity of ethanolic extract of Crataeva magnaLour. (DC) against Dalton’s ascites lymphoma cell lines in mice","authors":"R. Meera, S. Venkataraman","doi":"10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2757-2763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.2278-0238.2017.6(5).2757-2763","url":null,"abstract":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/IJRDPL.227 8-0238.2017.6(5).2757-2763 ABSTRACT:In recent years, the use of traditional medicine information in cancer research received considerable interest. Ethanolic Extract of Crataeva magnaLour. DC (EECM) has been used in traditional and folklore medicine for the treatment of cancer. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract root bark of Crataeva magnaLour. DC in swiss albino mice against intraperitoneally injected Dalton’s ascitic lymphoma (DAL) cell lines. DAL cells were injected intraperitoneally (1×10cells/ml/mouse) to the mice. The EECM at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight were administered orally for 14 consecutive days to the tumor bearing group of animals. Derived parameters, hematological parameters, serum enzyme and lipid parameters were measured and compared to the control group. 5Flurouracil (20 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. Both doses of EECM decreased average increase in body weight, reduced the packed cell volume (PCV) viable tumor cell count and increased the life span of DAL treated mice and brought back the hematological parameters, serum enzyme and lipid profile near to normal values. All the values were found to be statistically significant with control group at p<0.01. These observations are suggestive of the protective effect of extracts in Dalton’s Ascitic Lymphoma (DAL). All these findings enable to conclude that both doses of EECM possess a protective effect against DAL.","PeriodicalId":14206,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"2757-2763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79473705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}