Edja Florentin Assanvo, Kicoun Jean-Yves N’Zi Toure, Kanga Marius N’Gatta, David Boa
{"title":"Kinetic and thermodynamic study of composite with jute fiber as reinforcement","authors":"Edja Florentin Assanvo, Kicoun Jean-Yves N’Zi Toure, Kanga Marius N’Gatta, David Boa","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.54407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.54407","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, engineered by compression molding process via a hydraulic press, the A and B composite samples were carried out with 5% and 10% ratio respectively of Ricinodendron heudelotii oil-based alkyd resin in bio-based matrix made of unsaturated polyester using jute fibers as reinforcement material. The samples’ thermal decomposition was performed through thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analyses. Both composite samples exhibit two stages of decomposition, where the main occurs at 200 - 550°C. Aiming to study and being able to model the thermal degradation of the elaborated composites, finding the kinetic triplets appears the best option to describe the kinetic process undergo by the composites in order to evaluate the performance application of the composites. Two non-isothermal techniques, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger have been used to assess the activation energy Ea, and it is found that the apparent activation energy varies with the degree of conversion indicating that both composites decompose with a multiple step mechanism process. The appropriate reaction model for the second stage of decomposition was best suited with Johnson-Mel-Avrami (n<1) model and has been established, allowing us to model thermal degradation behavior of our elaborated composite material and set predictions. The estimated Arrhenius factor values were respectively about A and B composites, 4.12.1015 min-1 and 10.42.1015 min-1, allowing us to set the final equation characterizing the degradation process for the second and main decomposition stage. Finally, as a result of comparison between A and B composites, A appears to be the more thermally stable due to its lower values of Arrhenius pre-exponential factor over the main stage of decomposition and higher calculated the activation energy values.","PeriodicalId":14200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","volume":"85 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transition metal-based materials and their catalytic influence on MgH2 hydrogen storage: A review","authors":"Oluwashina Philips Gbenebor, Abimbola Patricia Idowu Popoola","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.57805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.57805","url":null,"abstract":"The dependence on fossil fuels for energy has culminated in its gradual depletion and this has generated the need to seek alternative source that will be environmentally friendly and sustainable. Hydrogen stands to be promising in this regard as energy carrier which has been proven to be efficient. Magnesium hydride (MgH2) can be used in storing hydrogen because of its availability, light weight and low cost. In this review, monoatomic, alloy, intermetallic and composite forms of Ti, Ni, V, Mo, Fe, Cr, Co, Zr and Nb as additives on MgH2 are discussed. Through ball milling, additive reacts with MgH2 to form compounds including TiH2, Mg2Ni, Mg2NiH4, V2O, VH2, MoSe, Mg2FeH6, NbH and Nb2O5which remain stable after certain de/hydrogenation cycles. Some monoatomic transition metals remain unreacted even after de/hydrogenation cycles. These formed compounds, including stable monoatomic transition metals, impart their catalytic effects by creating diffusion channels for hydrogen via weakening Mg - H bond strength. This reduces hydrogen de/sorption temperatures, activation energies and in turn, hastens hydrogen desorption kinetics of MgH2. Hydrogen storage output of MgH2/transition metal-based materials depend on additive type, ratio of MgH2/additive, ball milling time, ball –to combining materials ratio and de/hydrogenation cycle. There is a need for more investigations to be carried out on nanostructured binary and ternary transition metal-based materials as additives to enhance the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2. In addition, the already established compounds (listed above) formed after ball milling or dehydrogenation can be processed and directly doped into MgH2.","PeriodicalId":14200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","volume":"2 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of wind veer characteristics on complex terrain using ground-based lidar","authors":"Undarmaa Tumenbayar, Kyungnam Ko","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.56352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.56352","url":null,"abstract":"The wind direction shift with height significantly influences wind turbine performance, particularly in relation to terrain conditions. In this work, wind conditions at 12 measurement heights ranging from 40 m to 200 m using a ground lidar, Windcube V2, installed on a 16 m tall building were analysed to examine the characteristics of wind veer angles in complex terrain. The measurement campaign was carried out from January 1st to December 31st, 2022, in the southeastern part of South Korea. The terrain complexity around the ground lidar system was evaluated using the ruggedness index (RIX), whose result was 14.06 percent corresponding to complex terrain. The ground lidar measurements were compared with mesoscale data, EMD-WRF South Korea, for the data accuracy check. Wind veer frequencies and wind roses were derived to identify directional shifts with height. Furthermore, diurnal, monthly, and seasonal variations of wind veer characteristics were analysed. Wind shear exponent factor (WSE) and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) were calculated, and wind veer profiles were constructed based on these parameters. The relative errors of wind speeds were analysed for rotor equivalent wind speed (REWS) and hub height wind speed (HHWS), with REWS with wind veer correction, REWSveer, as a reference. Additionally, atmospheric stability conditions were classified using WSE and TKE, and the vertical changes in wind veering were analysed according to the stability conditions. The findings reveal lower wind speeds exhibited larger wind veer values and fluctuations. The relative errors for the REWS and the HHWS were 0.04 % and 0.20 % on average, respectively. The study demonstrates that terrain conditions significantly impacted wind veer angles at heights below 100 m, whereas the influence diminished with increasing height above 100 m. The results could be helpful for wind farm developers to make decisions on the siting as well as the hub height of wind turbines on complex terrain","PeriodicalId":14200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental investigation on the performance of a pyramid solar still for varying water depth, contaminated water temperature, and addition of circular fins","authors":"Mayilsamy Yuvaperiyasamy, Natarajan Senthilkumar, Balakrishnan Deepanraj","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.57327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.57327","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental investigation was meant to investigate the effect of water depth in the basin, the water temperature at the inlet of solar still, and adding circular fins to the pyramid solar still on freshwater output. The investigation was divided into three sections. The first area of research is to study effect of increasing water depth in the solar still, which ranged from 2 to 6 cm, second section concentrated on varying the inflow water temperature from 30 to 50ºC, and third section investigated the influence of incorporating circular fins into the solar still basin on the water output and quality. The experimental findings showed that basin depth considerably impacts freshwater flow. The highest significant difference, 38%, was recorded by changing the water level in the basin from 2 to 6 cm. Freshwater yielded the most at a depth of 2 cm, totalling 1250.3 mL, followed by 1046 mL at a depth of 3 cm. A water depth of 4 cm produced 999 mL, whereas a water depth of 5 cm made 911 mL. The lowest production occurred at a water depth of 6 cm, producing 732 mL; furthermore, including fins at the bottom increased productivity by 8.2%. Elevating the temperature from 30 to 50ºC of the inlet water led to a water output increase of 15.3% to 22.2%. These findings underscore the profound potential of harnessing solar energy to address global water challenges and pave the way for further advancements in efficient freshwater production","PeriodicalId":14200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","volume":"106 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pongpathai Kitrungloadjanaporn, Le Quang Sang, Jirasak Pukdum, Tinnapob Phengpom
{"title":"Evaluating the role of operating temperature and residence time in the torrefaction of betel nutshells for solid fuel production","authors":"Pongpathai Kitrungloadjanaporn, Le Quang Sang, Jirasak Pukdum, Tinnapob Phengpom","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.58228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.58228","url":null,"abstract":"This research addresses the urgent need for sustainable bioenergy alternatives, specifically evaluating betel nutshells as potential replacements for conventional biomass materials like coconut and palm fibers. The objective of the study was to gauge the inherent bioenergy potential of betel nutshells through an investigation of torrefaction under varying conditions, specifically temperatures ranging from 200-300 °C and residence times between 20-60 minutes in an inert environment. In this study, proximate analyses were utilized to investigate essential characteristics including moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon, while a bomb calorimeter was used to determine their higher heating values. Initial results indicated that untreated betel nutshells had higher heating values and compositional similarities to coconut and palm fibers, highlighting their potential as a bioenergy source. Advanced torrefaction processes, involving increased temperatures and extended residence times, raised the fixed carbon content and reduced moisture in betel nutshells, thereby optimizing their higher heating value. This improvement is attributed to the decomposition of covalent bonds in the biomass structures, leading to the release of volatile compounds and consequent reductions in both oxygen-to-carbon and hydrogen-to-carbon ratios. Remarkably, at an operating temperature of 300 °C and a residence time of 60 minutes, torrefied betel nutshells reached a higher heating value of 25.20 MJ/kg, marking a substantial 31.39 % increase compared to untreated specimens. This study conclusively positions betel nutshells, typically considered agricultural waste, as competitive alternatives to traditional biomass resources in the biofuel industry.","PeriodicalId":14200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135619898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of aeration rate and feedstock density on biodrying performance for wet refuse-derived fuel quality improvement","authors":"Tanik Itsarathorn, Sirintornthep Towprayoon, Chart Chiemchaisri, Suthum Patumsawad, Awassada Phongphiphat, Abhisit Bhatsada, Komsilp Wangyao","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.56035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.56035","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effect of aeration rate and feedstock density on the biodrying process to improve the quality of type 2 wet refuse-derived fuel. The aeration rate and feedstock density were varied to investigate these parameters’ effect on the system’s performance. The experiments used 0.3 m3 lysimeters with continuous negative ventilation and five days of operation. In Experiment A, aeration rates of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 m3/kg/day were tested with a feedstock bulk density of 232 kg/m3. In Experiment B, the optimum aeration rates determined in Experiment A (0.5 and 0.6 m3/kg/day) were used, and the feedstock density was varied (232 kg/m3, 250 kg/m3, and 270 kg/m3). The results showed that an aeration rate of 0.5 m3/kg/day was the most efficient for a feedstock density of 232 kg/m3; when the aeration rate was increased to 0.6 m3/kg/day, a feedstock density of 250 kg/m3 was the most effective. However, a feedstock density of 270 kg/m3 was not found to be practical for use in the quality improvement system. When the feedstock density is increased, the water in the feedstock and the water resulting from the biodegradation process cannot evaporate due to the feedstock layer’s low porosity, and the system requires an increased aeration rate. Furthermore, the increase in density scaled with increased initial volatile solid content, initial organic content, and initial moisture content, which significantly impacted the final moisture content based on multivariate regression analysis.","PeriodicalId":14200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HOMER optimization of standalone PV/Wind/Battery powered hydrogen refueling stations located at twenty selected French cities","authors":"Fakher Oueslati","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.58218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.58218","url":null,"abstract":"The current study proposes a model of autonomous Hydrogen Refuelling Stations (HRFS) installed on different sites in twenty French cities powered by renewable clean energy sources. The station is fully powered by photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines with battery storage and involving an electrolyzer and hydrogen tank for producing and storing hydrogen. Using Homer simulation, three scenarios are investigated to propose an optimized model, namely Scenario 1 containing (PV-Wind-Battery) system, Scenario 2 with (Wind-Battery) technologies and Scenario 3 with (PV-Battery) components. The otimization process executed demonstrates very competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) especially for the third scenario solely based on PV power with LCOE in range $0.354-0.435/kWh and a LCOH varying within $13.5-16.5/kg, for all 20 cities. An average net present cost (NPC) value of $ 1,561,429 and $ 2,522,727 are predicted for the first and second architectures while least net present cost of $1,038,117 is estimated for the third combination solely based on solar power according to all sites considered. For instance, minimum values are obtained for Marseille city with LCOE=$ 0.354/kWh and a LCOH=$ 13.5 /kg in conformity with the minimum obtained value of NPC value of $886,464 with respect to the winner third scenario. In addition, more costly hydrogen production is expected for Grenoble city especially for scenario 1 and 2 where wind turbine technology is introduced. On another hand, thorough analysis of PV/wind hydrogen techno-economic operation is provided including improvements recommendations, scenarios comparison and environmental impact discussion.","PeriodicalId":14200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photovoltaic power prediction based on sky images and tokens-to-token vision transformer","authors":"Qiangsheng Dai, Xuesong Huo, Dawei Su, Zhiwei Cui","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.57902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.57902","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) power generation has high uncertainties due to the randomness and imbalance nature of solar energy and meteorological parameters. Hence, accurate PV power forecasts are essential in the operation of PV power plants (PVPP) for short-term dispatches and power generation schedules. In this paper, a new deep neural network structure based on vision transformer is proposed to combine sky images and Tokens-To-Token(T2T) for photovoltaic power prediction. The method uses an incremental tokenization module to aggregate neighboring image patches into tokens, which capture the local structural information of the clouds. Then, an efficient T2T-ViT backbone network is used to extract the global attentional relationships of the tokens for power prediction. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed model, the method was compared with several deep learning architectures such as ResNet and GoogleNet on a dataset collected by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Colorado, USA. The results of power prediction were analysed using training loss, prediction error, and linear regression, and they show that the proposed method achieves higher prediction accuracy and lower error compared to the existing methods, especially in short- and ultra-short-term prediction. The paper demonstrates the potential of applying Transformer models to computer vision tasks for renewable energy forecasting. The results show that the proposed method achieves higher prediction accuracy and lower error than several deep learning architectures, such as ResNet and GoogleNet, especially in short- and ultra-short-term prediction.","PeriodicalId":14200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135780649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The feasibility of utilizing microwave-assisted pyrolysis for Albizia branches biomass conversion into biofuel productions","authors":"Maha Faisal Abd, Atheer Mohammed Al-Yaqoobi","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.56907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.56907","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of fossil fuels has caused many challenges, including environmental and climate damage, global warming, and rising energy costs, which has prompted seeking to substitute other alternative sources. The current study explored the microwave pyrolysis of Albizia branches to assess its potential to produce all forms of fuel (solid, liquid, gas), time savings, and effective thermal heat transfer. The impact of the critical parameters on the quantity and quality of the biofuel generation, including time, power levels, biomass weight, and particle size, were investigated. The results revealed that the best bio-oil production was 76% at a power level of 450 W and 20 g of biomass. Additionally, low power levels led to enhanced biochar production, where a percentage of 70% appeared when employing a power level of 300 W. Higher power levels were used to increase the creation of gaseous fuels in all circumstances, such as in 700 W, the gas yield was 31%. The density, viscosity, acidity, HHV, GC-MS, and FTIR instruments were used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the bio-oil. The GC-MS analysis showed that the bio-oil consists of aromatic compounds, ketones, aldehydes, acids, esters, alkane, alkenes and heterocyclic compounds. The most prevalent component was aromatic compounds with 12.79% and ketones with 12.15%, while the pH of the oil obtained was 5, and the HHV was 19.5 MJ/kg. The pyrolysis productions could be promising raw materials for different applications after further processing.","PeriodicalId":14200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indri Wasa Estiningtyas, Nita Kusumawati, Pirim Setiarso, Supari Muslim, Nunik Tri Rahayu, Riska Nur Safitri, Nafisatus Zakiyah, Fadlurachman Faizal Fachrirakarsie
{"title":"Effect of natural dye combination and pH extraction on the performance of dye-sensitized photovoltaics solar cell","authors":"Indri Wasa Estiningtyas, Nita Kusumawati, Pirim Setiarso, Supari Muslim, Nunik Tri Rahayu, Riska Nur Safitri, Nafisatus Zakiyah, Fadlurachman Faizal Fachrirakarsie","doi":"10.14710/ijred.2023.56172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.56172","url":null,"abstract":"Dyes are significant components in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) performance because they act as photosensitizers. Natural dye-based DSSC system fabrication innovations continue to be produced in an effort to improve DSSC performance efficiency. In this study, a DSSC system was developed using double components of natural dyes as natural photosensitizers to enhance DSSC efficiency. This method of making natural dye-based DSSC uses a combination of dye extracts from two different dye sources that have the potential as natural photosensitizers in DSSC. The research aims to investigate the impact of the combined use of two natural dyes and pH variations on DSSC performance. DSSC performance measurements encompass the short-circuit current (Isc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and DSSC efficiency parameters. The obtained results indicate efficiency values for dyes (a) sappan wood/ethanol and turmeric/methanol; (b) turmeric/methanol and beetroot/ethanol; and (c) beetroot/ethanol and turmeric/distilled water. At neutral pH, the efficiency values are 2.09%, 2.10%, and 2.19%, respectively. Meanwhile, at acidic pH of 2.59%; 2.39%; and 2.71%. Notably, the dye efficiency values at acidic pH surpass those found at neutral pH conditions. The highest efficiency is observed in the combination of dye (c) beetroot/ethanol and turmeric/distilled water with efficiency reaching 2.71% at acidic pH.","PeriodicalId":14200,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Renewable Energy Development","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135789514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}