International Journal of Pharmacological Research最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemistry, proximate analysis, mineral and vitamin compositions of Psidium guajava linn in methanol root and leaf extracts","authors":"Essiet Grace Akanimo, O. John, Udofia Udeme Uyom, Pierre Noa Abe, Emmanuel Ikechi Anaele","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I5.2994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I5.2994","url":null,"abstract":"Psidium guajava Linn, is a medicinal plant and food crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries and used widely as food, and in folk medicine in the treatment and prevention of many diseases around the universe. But, the Pharmacological basis for its various therapeutic applications has not been elucidated. Samples of P. guajava L. Root and leaf extracts were analysed and its Phytochemistry, proximate analysis, vitamins and mineral constituents were revealed. The Phytochemical analysis indicated that P. guajava L. Root and leaf methanol extracts contain Gallic Acid (Root 0.01mg, leaf 0.02mg), malic acid (Root 0.02mg, leaf 0.01mg), Tannin (Root 0.022mg, Leaf 0.01mg), Leukocyanidins (Root 0.01mg, leaf 0.03mg), Sterols (Root 0.011mg, leaf 0.02mg), Flavonoid (Root 0.11mg, leaf 0.32mg), chlorogenic Acid (Root 0.12mg, leaf 0.13mg), Ferulic acid (Root 0.01mg, leaf 0.01mg), Ellagic acid (Root 0.011mg, leaf 0.021mg), Avicularin (Root 0.001mg, leaf 0.003mg), and Limonene (Root 0.001mg, leaf 0.001mg), the proximate analysis revealed the presence of moisture (Root 81%, leaf 83%), Protein (Root 0.62%, leaf 0.58%), Carbohydrate (Root 6.22%, leaf 6.31%), Total Fat (Root 0.55%, leaf 0.61%), Saturate Fat (Root 0.163%, leaf 0.158%), and Ash (Root 0.62%, leaf 0.63%). Psidium guajava also contain these minerals K (Root 301mg, Leaf 300mg), Na (Root 3.42mg, Leaf 3.40mg), Zn (Root 0.36mg, Leaf 0.35mg), Fe (Root 0.62mg, Leaf 0.59mg), Mg (Root 13mg, Leaf 13.8mg), P (Root 28mg, Leaf 30mg), Ca (Root 22mg, Leaf 23mg), and also vitamins including Vit. A (Root 79g, Leaf 78.2g), Vit.B (Root 0.06mg, Leaf 0.05mg), Vit. B 2 (Root 0.08mg, Leaf 0.09mg), Vit B 6 (Root 0.136mg, Leaf 0.140mg), Vit. C (Root 102mg, Leaf 100mg), Vit. E (Root 1.36mg, Leaf 1.39mg), Niacin (Root 1.52mg, Leaf 1.49mg), Folate (Root 16g, Leaf 13g). These Phytochemicals, Proximates, Minerals and Vitamins found in these medicinal plant has justified its scientific rationale behind its folklore medicinal uses.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"111 1","pages":"174-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86754415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological and biological activities of Mirabilis jalapa L.","authors":"R. Rozina","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I5.2725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I5.2725","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have been used for health care and medical purposes for several thousands of years. The number of higher plant species on earth is about 250000. It is estimated that 35000 to 70000 species have, at one time or another, been used in some cultures for medicinal purposes. One of these is Mirabilis jalapa L. which is traditionally used as Purgative and emetic, for treatment of many gastrointestinal disorders, including dysentery, diarrhea, muscle pain and abdominal colic. Besides this it also exhibits certain useful activities like Antiviral activity, Antimicrobial activity, Antimalarial activity, Anthelmintic activity, Antioxidant activity, Aytotoxic activity Anti-tubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity, Antinociceptive activity, Antifungal activity, Anti-corrosion activity, Antispasmodic activity, Anti-inflammatory activity and many others. Pharmacologically active compounds include active alcoholic extract, ether compound-3,3-Methylenebis (4- hydroxycoumarin) N-D-alpha-Phenylyglycinelaminaribiitol-3-(4-(dimethylamino) cinnamoyl) 4hydroxycoumarin. The purpose of my review is to find out the areas of scope and to give the detail of the work done on Mirabilis Jalapa L. for future research work.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"100 3","pages":"160-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91472878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of selective Imidazolin-1 (I1) receptor agonists vs ACE- Is/ARBs on metabolic parameters in patients of hypertension: A Meta-analysis of RCTs","authors":"S. Hiremath, L. Srinivas","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I5.2540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I5.2540","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Co-existence of metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients is associated with the higher risk for development of various complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus and hence highlights the need for selecting an anti-hypertensive with favorable effect on metabolic parameters. Present study aims at analyzing the efficacies of selective imidazolin-1 (I1) receptor agonists vs ACE-Is/ARBs on blood pressure, indicators of insulin resistance and plasma lipids concentration. Methods: Electronic data search in PUBMED, Cochrane library and EMBASE was conducted. Eligible studies were analyzed by random and fixed effects model for the effect size measures. RevMan 5.2 software was used for statistical analysis Results: There was significant difference in the level of decrease in total cholesterol and triglyceride in imidazolins group. However, the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly more in ACE-Is/ARBs. However among these significant findings found in fixed effect model, the only significant change present in random effect model was the decrease in triglycerides by imidazolins. Conclusion: Efficacy of I1-agonists on plasma lipids and decreasing blood pressure appears to be non-inferior to ACE-Is/ARBs at short term treatment.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"169-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80131476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the effects of 4-hydroxy isoleucine in experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"Rahul Dayawan, S. Kaur","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I5.3289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I5.3289","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of 4-Hydroxyisoleucine in experimentally induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in rats.Method: Wistar Albino rats weighing about 150-250 gm were employed in the study for induction of acetic acid and indomethacin induced IBD and assessed for various parameters like body weight, colon and intestinal damage, oxidative stress, total proteins and inflammation.Results: In this study 4-hydroxyisoleucine at two different doses was found to be successful in managing the serum and tissue homogenate changes in acetic acid induced UC and indomethacin induced CD possibly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profile.Conclusions: 4-hydroxyisoleucine proved its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profile by reducing the oxidative stress and inflammation, further it also improved the integrity of intestine thus amino acid, 4-hydroxyisoleucine was successful in mediating the changes induced by acetic acid and indomethacin induced experimental IBD in rats.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82350364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vancomycin induced Red Man Syndrome","authors":"Drisyamol K.A, Mahesh Nm","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.3059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.3059","url":null,"abstract":"Vancomycin is a glycoprotein antibiotic that has been associated with an anaphylactoid reaction termed the Red-man syndrome. It usually consists of erythema, flushing and pruritis of the face and upper torso and occasionally progresses to include dyspnoea, chest pain and hypotension. Red man syndrome (RMS) is also known as red neck syndrome. Discontinuation of the vancomycin infusion and administration of diphenhydramine can abort most of the reactions. Slow intravenous administration of vancomycin should minimize the risk of infusion-related adverse effects. Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, amphotericin B, rifampcin and teicoplanin can potentially cause red man syndrome. The effects of red man syndrome can be relieved by antihistamines.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82205548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse drug reaction monitoring of newer oral anti-diabetic drugs - A pharmacovigilance perspective","authors":"Ankita Bhattacharjee, M. Gupta, S. Agrawal","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.3068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.3068","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To monitor and evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of newer oral anti-diabetic drugs in type II diabetics by spontaneous/solicited ADR monitoring. Material and methods: Two hundred and thirty two diabetic patients on newer oral antidiabetic drugs were evaluated prospectively in a cross-sectional study over a period of eighteen months. All patients were followed up for ADRs which were evaluated for incidence, frequency, severity and causality. ADR severity was graded according to University of Virginia Health System Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting program criteria and causality assessment was done using WHO-UMC scale. Results: 190 out of 232 patients (42 patients lost to follow up) were evaluated. ADRs were observed in 34 cases (17.9%). Most common ADRs were gastrointestinal (44.2%) followed by musculoskeletal (17.6%), metabolic (14.7%), infections (5.9%) and others (17.6%). The maximal frequency of ADRs was seen with sitagliptin (6.4%) followed by vildagliptin(3.8%), saxagliptin(2.7%), saroglitazar(2.1%), linagliptin(1.6%), canagliflozin(1.6%). 25(73.5%), 8(23.5%) and 1(3%) ADRs were mild, moderate and severe respectively. 24(70%) ADRs were classified as possible, 9(27%) probable and 1(3%) unlikely on causality assessment.  Conclusion : Newer oral antidiabetic drugs like gliptins and SGLT-2 inhibitors have potential to cause ADRs. Gastro-intestinal, musculoskeletal, metabolic were most common ADRs. Active pharmacovigilance should be carried out for risk identification and management.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"142-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83586795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vinca alkaloids induced peripheral neuropathy- case series and review of literature","authors":"A. Hameed, S. Malik, S. Khan","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.2500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.2500","url":null,"abstract":"Vinca alkaloids include vincristine, vinblastine and vinorelbine. Peripheral neuropathy is one of the commonest side effects of these agents. Patients with decrease level of serum folate and vitamin B 12 are more prone to develop peripheral neuropathy. Underlying hepatic impairment and concurrent drugs which decreases Vinca alkaloids hepatic metabolism also increases the susceptibility to neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy can be troublesome for significant number of patients. There is no specific therapy for this complication however; symptoms improve with the use of pyridoxine, pregabalin and NSAIDs in some cases. Aim of this case study was to review the characteristics and outcomes of patients who suffered from peripheral neuropathy due to vincristine or vinblastine.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"157-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91310101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of omega-3 fatty acids versus 5-hydroxytryptophan as add on therapy to sertraline in controlling suicidal ideation in patients with depression: A comparative study","authors":"J. Sahoo, Jarnail Singh, H. Khurana","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.3157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.3157","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Omega-3 fatty acids and 5-hydroxytryptophan have been gaining attention as promising alternative treatment for depressive illness. These agents are given as as add on treatment to conventional antidepressant drugs. The present study was carried out to evaluate efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids versus 5-hydroxytryptophan as add on therapy in controlling suicidal ideation in depressive patients on sertraline. Methods: This was a prospective, open label, randomized, parallel group study conducted in department of Psychiatry. Ninety treatment naive patients (18-65 years age) were divided into 3 groups of 30 each. Group I: Sertraline, Group II: Sertraline plus omega-3 fatty acids, Group III: Sertraline plus 5-hydroxytryptophan. Suicidal ideations were assessed with Beck’s scale for suicidal ideation (BSI) at weeks 0, 4 and 8. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (SPSS version 20.0). Post hoc analysis was done using Bonferroni test. Results: Baseline parameters in patients of all groups were comparable. Administration of sertraline resulted in reduction of Beck’s scale for suicidal ideation scores as compared to baseline. Addition of omega-3 fatty acids and 5-hydroxytryptophan also showed reduction in BSI scores. Effect of sertraline monotherapy was more as compared to omega-3 fatty acids or 5-hydroxytryptophan as add on therapy, which was statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: Both omega-3 fatty acids and 5-hydroxytryptophan produce significant effect in controlling suicidal ideations in patients with depression.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"152-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86933982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Surgical Therapy- Overview","authors":"S. M. Gunjegaonkar, S. Kshirsagar, J. Bayas","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.3134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.3134","url":null,"abstract":"After 21 st century William Baer presented a dramatic work to bone and soft tissue infections with live maggots or warm or larva. Certainly numbers of therapists around the globe have rediscovered the benefits of maggot therapy. The principal vision for the in maggot therapy is the clean and clear debridement caused due to chronic wound which are not responding to current antibiotic or antimicrobial therapy. More over the advantage of maggot or warm therapy over existence is low cost, easy production, higher cure rate, lack of resistance and reliable therapy. Modern dressing materials have simplified the procedure and minimized the risk of escaping maggots. The development and establishment of biotech laboratories throughout the world make possible availability to millions of people. Various medical literatures are rapidly growing with scientific evidence demonstrating the efficacy and safety of maggot therapy for a variety of problematic wounds. Current review is prepared to focus various application and advantages of maggot debridement therapy with suitability for choric wounds.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"133-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86004701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound healing effect of alcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum linn. on rats","authors":"S. Jha, S. Pandey","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.3118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I4.3118","url":null,"abstract":"Wound healing is the process of repair that follows injury tothe skin and other soft tissues. It can result from injurious process ranging from acute disruption of tissue by surgeons knife to wide spread trauma, such as burns. It is well known that traditional herbal medicines existed before the application of the modern scientific methods to health care and even today most of the rural Indian population depend on herbal care practices. Since time immemorial indigenous plant material are being used for healing of wounds. This research work focus to find out healing effect of Ocimum Sanctum (Alcoholic extract) on incisional wound and its effects were compared on the 10th day by wound breaking strength. The wound breaking strength of control group (275gm), standard group (474.4gm) and alcoholic extract 400mg/kg(449.4gm), 800mg/kg(474.3gm). it is concluded that Ocimum Sanctum leaf extract i.e. alcoholic (400 & 800 mg) has significant wound healing effect.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"138-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82800383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}