Hansraj Kumar, A. Das, S. Mondal, R. Kumar, U. P. Keshri, M. Gari
{"title":"Antidepressant effect of Ziprasidone in wistar albino rat by forced swimming test model","authors":"Hansraj Kumar, A. Das, S. Mondal, R. Kumar, U. P. Keshri, M. Gari","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I10.3709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I10.3709","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Major depressive disorder is a common psychiatric condition and response conventional antidepressant drugs are sometimes unpredictable. Atypical antipsychotics by virtue of their pharmacodynamic profile show potential antidepressant effect. Newer antidepressants as monotherapy or as augmenting agent for current therapy are need of the day. Ziprasidone is an atypical antidepressant drug possesses potential antidepressant activity by virtue of its 5HT1A agonistic activity and 5HT1D, 5HT2A and D2 receptors antagonistic activity. Method : Since its introduction in 1977 the forced swimming test model is still being used for evaluation of potential antidepressant molecule. 30 healthy male Wistar albino rat of 150-200 grams weight were divided in 3 groups with 10 rats in each. Group A was treated with 0.9% Normal Saline, Group B with Fluoxetine and Group C with Ziprasidone for 42 days. Forced Swimming test was done on day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. Result: After 42 days of treatment both fluoxetine and ziprasidone shows significant antidepressant activity. In comparison to Normal saline both the drugs shows significant antidepressant activity. There is significant deference in antidepressant activity between Fluoxetine and Ziprasidone. Antidepressant activity of Fluoxetine started to appear from day 7 with p vale of 0.000 and of Ziprasidone started to appear from 14 days with p value of 0.000. Conclusion: Ziprasidone as virtue of its diverse pharmacodynamic effect can be suitable candidate for clinical trials of MDD as monotherapy or as an augmenting agent of standard antidepressant therapy.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"316-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83676715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of Thuja orientalis in haloperidol induced animal model of Parkinsons Disease","authors":"R. Saravanan, Bavani, S. Murugesan","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I10.3701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I10.3701","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neuro-inflammation, increased microglial activation & interaction and oxidative stress are the new targets for Parkinson management. Protective effect of NSAIDs and anti-oxidants has been demonstrated in many animal studies with inconclusive epidemiological reports. Thuja orientalis (TOFE) a common shrub found widely in India has shown neuro-protective effect against 6-OHDA induced toxicity on SH-SY cells. Aim & Objective: To assess and compare neuro-protective effect of TOFE with Ibuprofen and vitamin E in haloperidol induced rat models of Parkinson. Methodology: 6 adult male Sprague Dawley rats each in 4 groups were given Thuja orientalis (500mg/kg) / Ibuprofen (100mg/kg) and Vitamin E (35mg/kg) orally followed 1 hour latter by haloperidol. (2mg/kg.IP) for 7 days. Motor activity and rigidity were assessed with actophotometer and common bar test. Catatonia scoring was also done. One way ANOVA and Kruscal-Wallis tests followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test were used for statistical significance of <0.05. Results: Significant reduction in motor activity was observed in all on 7 th day. Mild protection by thuja orientalis against motor rigidity was noted with p-value of 0.032 and against catatonia with 2.5 scoring. Conclusion: Neuroprotective effect shown in-vitro experiments by anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs did not show any significant effects in our in vivo animals study against clinical features as seen in Parkinson’s disease. This inconclusive neuroprotective effect of standards & thuja observed signifies that all preclinical data from in vitro studies cannot be effectively extrapolated to in vivo animal & human studies due to many variations. Further probe in this aspect is suggested.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"308-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85466254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utilization pattern of drugs among dermatological outpatients in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India","authors":"J. Kumar, S. Chandra, H. K. Sinha","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I9.3563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I9.3563","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Drug utilization study enables us to describe the pattern of prescribed drugs as well as to detect the problems in drug prescribing and use. This study was undertaken to reveal the same among dermatological outpatient practice with an objective to provide remedial messages to prescribers and to provide the baseline data to drug and health policy makers and planners. Methods: A total of 325 prescriptions from dermatological outpatients were randomly selected and analysed using the guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) to find the various parameters of prescribing indicators and the pattern of prescribed drugs. Results: The average number of drugs per encounter was 2.28. Drugs prescribed by their generic name were 15.07% and those prescribed from national essential medicines list were 23.42%. Antihistamines, antifungals, corticosteroids and antibiotics were four most frequently prescribed therapeutic classes. One systemic as well as one topical medicine belonging to same therapeutic class was prescribed on about one-third of totally analyzed prescriptions. Cetrizine was the most common individually prescribed drug and fluconazole was the most commonly prescribed antifungal. Conclusions: Polypharmacy, inclination for branded medicines and prescribing out of essential medicines list are the common problems that need proper attention of dermatological doctors to rationalize their practice. Educational and managerial interventions can minimize these problems.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"297-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90559588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chetan S. Urade, M. Bende, C. Shamkuwar, Sumit P. Satpute
{"title":"Evaluation Of Prescription Pattern And Medication Adherence Of Antihypertensive Drugs In Stage 1 Essential Hypertensive Patients At Rural Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Of Central India.","authors":"Chetan S. Urade, M. Bende, C. Shamkuwar, Sumit P. Satpute","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I9.3542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I9.3542","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives- To study the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs and analyze the medication adherence to antihypertensive drugs at rural tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods - Prospective, observational, 12 weeks, questionnaire based study, conducted in rural tertiary care teaching hospital of central India. 214 antihypertensive prescriptions were analyzed by Morisky medication adherence scale. Statistical analysis was done by MS Excel and Graph pad prism 6.0. Results - 28.03% patients were not aware about the medicines taken, 29.90% patients were unacquainted about dose and route of administration whereas 32.71% patients were unfamiliar about frequency of administration of medicines. 53.27% patients were unaware about precautions to be taken while consuming medicines. 58.68% & 12.67% patients consumed amlodipine & atenolol respectively. In 16.43% patients, atenolol + amlodipine combination therapy was prescribed. Amongst 214 patients 12, 58 & 144 showed high, medium & low adherence respectively. No significant difference was found on gender basis at any level of adherence. Conclusion- In this study, physicians given preference to amlodipine than other antihypertensive drugs. However, thiazide is a first line drug in stage 1 hypertension, recommended by JNC VII guideline. This indicates that there is need of creating awareness about current management of hypertension to clinicians by organizing various workshops. We observed only 5.60% patients showed high adherence to antihypertensive therapy. Therefore educational strategies must be carried out for physicians focusing on causes for nonadherence to antihypertensive medications. Also raising patient trust in their physicians may improve patient motivation to prescribed medication.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"291-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84845521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study of Prescription Pattern of Antibiotics in Paediatric In-Patients at a tertiary care hospital in central India","authors":"S. Deshmukh, M. Mahajan","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I8.3518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I8.3518","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:- Rational antibiotic prescription is very important to prevent antimicrobial resistance. Widespread use of antimicrobials has facilitated the development of resistance. Aim:- The study was to assess the use of antimicrobials in tertiary care hospital in central India Material and methods:- A retrospective analysis of 200 case sheets of paediatric inpatients was done using medical records. Data was analysed for average number of drugs prescribed, antimicrobials prescribed by generic name or brand name, percentage of antibiotics among the prescribed drugs etc Statistical tests:- Data was expressed as number, percentage and Mean+SD. Results:- In our study, we found out that mean age of paediatric patients was 5.6 yrs. Our results showed tendency of polypharmacy with maximum number of prescriptions were having 3 drugs (39%). 2 antibiotics were prescribed to 79% of the patients. Cefexime was most commonly prescribed antibiotic. 48.92% drugs were prescribed in generic name. 96% of antibiotics were prescribed by Parenteral route. Conclusion:- Antibiotic resistance is an emerging problem worldwide which can be controlled by rational prescription, Restricting the number of antimicrobial prescription and appropriate selection of the drug.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"286-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74166440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)","authors":"J. Yakoob, Z. Abbas","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I8.3485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I8.3485","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dietary supplementation with Omega-3 (?-3) fatty acids (FAs) has been demonstrated to elicit several effects ranging from decrease in blood pressure, anti-arrhythmic effect and decrease in inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder characterized by abdominal pain and irregular bowel habit. It is associated with visceral hypersensitivity, increased mucosal permeability and a low-grade mucosal inflammation. Commercially available omega (?)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are being prescribed as empirical treatment for many chronic ailments including IBS. Aim: To examine literature available support use of ?-3 PUFA in IBS. Methods: We conducted a search using Omega 3 fatty acids supplementation on the PubMed, Scopus, and databases (e.g. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded) from 1966 to December, 2015. Result: The gut microbiota in IBS is associated with an imbalance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. This imbalance has an impact on gas and metabolite production such as short chain fatty acids. Omega-3 FAs are anti-inflammatory, while ?-6 FAs are proinflammatory. Conclusion: The benefit of ?-3 FAs for IBS requires more clarification by prospective studies. Current claims of long chain PUFA supplementation in IBS should be viewed with caution","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"72 1 1","pages":"271-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74576788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of anti-epileptic activity of fresh fruit juice of Moringa oleifera against maximal electroshock (M.E.S) and Picrotoxin (PTX) induced convulsions in mice","authors":"Quazi Emadoddin","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I8.3455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I8.3455","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera (Moringaecea) are used in Indian traditional medicine and in folklore for many diseases and extensively used as CNS depressant traditionally. The interesting things of this plant are each part of Moringa oleifera is used as medicines. The present work has been carried out to evaluate the anti-epileptic activity of fresh fruit juice of Moringa oleifera against maximal electroshock (M.E.S) and Picrotoxin (PTX) induced convulsions in mice at different dose level (100ml/kg. p.o & 50ml/kg. p.o). Diazepam (5mg/kg. p.o) and Phenytoin (25mg/kg. i.p) were used as reference standard drugs. The data obtained indicates that the fresh fruit juice of Moringa oleifera at the dose of (50ml/kg p.o & 100ml/kg p.o) shows anticonvulsant activity against Maximal electroshock and Picrotoxin induced convulsion in mice.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"278-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87704532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Essien Augustine Dick, Onyemaechi John Ogbonna, Pierre Noa Abe, Omoregha Uwaifiokun, N. Elvis
{"title":"Comparative studies of the phytochemistry, proximate analysis, mineral and vitamin compositions of the methanol leaf extracts of Cucumis sativus L. and Daucus carota L.","authors":"Essien Augustine Dick, Onyemaechi John Ogbonna, Pierre Noa Abe, Omoregha Uwaifiokun, N. Elvis","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I8.2995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I8.2995","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumis sativus and Daucus carota are medicinal plants used in folkloric medicine to treat and prevent various diseases but the basis for this has not been highlighted. Quantitative phytochemicial analysis revealed the presence of anthocyanins, flavonoids, carotenoids and pyrrolidine in D. carota leaf methanol extract but in C. sativus only flavonoids and carotenoids was found present although in a lower amounts. Proximate analysis revealed that both plants methanol leaf extracts contain moisture, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber and ash. The moisture content of C. sativus (95 0.02%) was more than that of D. Carota (82.20 0.01%) but the protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and fiber contents of D. Carota was more than that of C. sativus. The mineral compositions also revealed the presence of Ca, P, Mg, Fe,Zn,Na, and K in both C.sativus and D. carota although in various proportions. The P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Na contents in D. carota were more than that of C. Sativus, but C. sativus has a higher Zn and K contents than D. carota. The vitamin analysis also revealed the presence of important vitamins including A, B1, B2, B6 , C,E, niacin and folate. The vitamin A content ofD. carota were very high (2,901 0.02g) compared to that of C. Sativus (23 0.01g). These important macroelements, minerals and vitamins embedded in these important plants may be the reasons behind its use in forklore medicine for its various dietary and therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"112 1","pages":"282-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87920172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous-methanolic leaves extract of two medicinal plants of Meghalaya in mice","authors":"Carey Vana Rynjah, Prerona Boruah, S. Majaw","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3329","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study is to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous-methanolic extract of Olax acuminata and Bauhinia accuminata leaves in normoglycemic and alloxan induced diabetic mice. For hypoglycemic study, normoglycemic mice were administered with varying doses of extracts and the optimal dose was selected for glucose tolerance test (GTT). For antihyperglycemic study, the optimal dose of extract was administered to diabetic mice and GTT was also performed. In addition, elements in the leaves of plants were also analyzed to relate the presence of elements to their anti-diabetic property. At the dose of 250 mg/kg b.w., O. acuminata leaves extract showed significant reduction in the blood glucose level in normoglycemic and diabetic mice while B. acuminata leaves extract showed significant reduction at 500 mg/kg b.w. Glucose tolerance was also improved in both normal and diabetic mice on administration of the extracts. The results were compared with those of insulin and metformin which were used as standard drugs. Elements found in the leaves of O. acuminata were Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn, Fe, V, Mg, K, C, Sr and P whereas B. acuminata leaves contain all the above elements except for V and Pb. These mention elements are widely known for regulating blood glucose level. The aqueous-methanolic leaves extract of both the plants demonstrates hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect, thus, could be promising plants in the treatment of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"256-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81866880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surya Namaskar (Sun Salutation): A Path to Good Health","authors":"A. Vaibhav, S. Shukla, O. Singh","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3349","url":null,"abstract":"Surya Namaskar (Sun Salutation) is an ancient and sacred yogic technique of India for expressing gratitude to the Sun. Surya Namaskar is a set of 12 Asanas (postures), It is done preferably in the morning while facing the rising sun. There are numerous health benefits of Surya Namaskar for different system of the body specially musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous system, respiratory and endocrinal. The heart, liver, intestine, stomach, chest, throat, legs and backbone are main benefited organs. By practicing Surya Namaskar each and every cell of body get revitalize and regenerated, therefore it is highly recommended by all yoga experts for healthy routine life. The regular practice of Surya Namaskar improves blood circulation throughout the body, maintains health and makes the body disease-free. Regular practice of Surya Namaskar gives strength, flexibility and vitality to the body. Sun Salutation asanas help to burn extra body fat on belly, buttocks and back by modulating endocrinal system. It also helps to regulate menstrual cycles among women and also facilitate an easy childbirth. Apart from these benefits of Surya Namaskar also help to keep the mind stress free, calm and illuminated. Thus, a regular practice of Surya Namaskar is highly recommended to keep the body and mind healthy. Though the Surya Namaskar steps are very scientific and practical science ancient time but still it needs advance modern scientific justification to spread it globally, keeping this thing into the mind the present review has been framed to revalidate sacred steps of Surya Namaskar on the basis of available evidence based studies.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"224-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72674707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}