International Journal of Pharmacological Research最新文献

{"title":"Pattern of spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions in ANIIMS Port Blair REACTIONS IN ANIIMS PORT BLAIR","authors":"C. Naidu, A. Vardhan, Mangesh Bankar, Vinay Singh Raghuvanshi","doi":"10.7439/ijpr.v7i1.3846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/ijpr.v7i1.3846","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The data pertaining to Adverse drug reactions is very limited especially in India. Adverse drug reactions are known to cause mortality and increased morbidity and hence increase the burden of disease. Therefore this study was done over a period of 18 months to assess the causality of adverse drug reactions, nature of their seriousness and to know if they could have been prevented or not. Materials & Methods: A number of spontaneous reports of ADRs were included in the study over a period of 18 months from June 2015 to December 2016 reported from different clinical Departments of ANIIMS, Port Blair. The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of an ADR and its seriousness was adopted. The organ system involvement was labeled by WHO-ADR terminology. ADRs were analyzed for causality by Naranjos algorithm. Results: A Total of 200 reactions were reported in this time period, and out of these, most common Adverse drug reactions were Hypersensitivity reactions accounting for more than half of cases ie 54 %. A look at the causative agents revealed antimicrobials as the commonest agents causing these ADRs 48%, followed by drugs affecting GIT 20%, then autacoids 10%. Of these, about two-thirds of the reactions i.e. almost 65% were classified as probable and one-tenth were classified as preventable. Serious ADRs were 0.25 per 1000 patients. Conclusion: Most of the ADRs were caused by Antimicrobial Agents, and further large sample size studies are needed to confirm the association of particular Drugs with the ADRs.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88119495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective observational study of prescription patterns of antihypertensive drugs in geriatric population in a tertiary care hospital.","authors":"M. Nara, Lokesh V. Patil","doi":"10.7439/ijpr.v7i1.3825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/ijpr.v7i1.3825","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Hypertension is one of the major chronic diseases with high mortality and morbidity in todays world. The prevalence of hypertension increases with advancing age. In treating older hypertensive patients, clinicians should be alert to potential side-effects such as orthostatic hypotension and co-existing chronic conditions like Type 2 diabetes mellitus , ischemic heart disease etc. Objective:To assess the drug utilization pattern of antihypertensive drugs in geriatric patients in a teaching hospital and to compare it with the JNC VIII guidelines. Methodology:A single center prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months in medicine out-patient department of BRIMS hospital. The prescription data obtained from study participants was evaluated as per JNC VIII guidelines. Results:A total of 200 prescriptions were analyzed over 6 months. Average age of study population was 68.72 +/- 8.43 years. 56% were female patients. Mean number of antihypertensive drugs prescribed were 1.54+/- 0.62. Most of the patients (56%) were treated with a single antihypertensive drug. The use of calcium channel blockers was predominant in monotherapy as well as 2 or 3 drug regimens. Thiazides and ?- blockers and anigiontensin receptor blockers/ angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were underutilized. Conclusion:Our study shows that the most commonly prescribed drug class involved calcium channel blockers and the results were only partly in accordance with JNC VIII guidelines.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"84 1","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89546303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of antinociceptive effects of Tapentadol, amitriptyline and combination of both in albino rats","authors":"Rita Kumari, A. Das, A. Kumari, S. Chandra, M. Gari","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I12.3775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I12.3775","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the possible antinociceptive effects of combination of Tapentadol and Amitriptyline in comparison to the single drugs. Materials and Methods: After approval from Animal Ethics Committee, a total of twenty four (n = 24) healthy male albino rats were divided into four groups of six rats in each. Group Iwas control,Gr. II tapentadol treated,Gr. III amitriptyline treated and Gr. IV treated with both tapentadol and amitriptyline. The test drugs administered thirty minutes prior to the procedure once at weekly intervals (on day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28) for up to 28 days. Haffners tail clip and formalin test were conducted to evaluate the antinociceptive effects. Results: In both animal test models the antinociceptive effects observed from the combination of tapentadol and amitriptyline was greater than that produced by tapentadol and amitriptyline alone. Conclusion: From the results obtained in this study, we can conclude that coadministration of tapentadol and amitriptyline showed much greater antinociceptive effects than either drug singly . Thus, in combined form they can potentiate each others action via multifactorial mechanism.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"364-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89884719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information in Package Inserts: A study in Eastern India","authors":"H. Mishra, Harihar Dikshit, L. Mohan, Manish Kumar, P. Manjhi","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I12.3657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I12.3657","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Package insert (PI) is the printed leaflet available with the medicines containing information about the drug based on regulatory guidelines for its safe and effective use. Information in a PI is incorporated since the developmental phase of a pharmaceutical product with careful scrutiny of available information. PI contains evidenced based information about a drug, updated from time to time as soon as relevant preclinical and clinical data were obtained. Various studies had shown poor compliance 50-60% to the medicine prescribed for the treatment of chronic conditions like hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. These diseases proved to be major cause of mortality and morbidity related to cardiovascular diseases in India. The information of the PI has an important impact on patients compliance and hence effectiveness of the drug used and for health professionals they can serve as reliable and accurate sources of drug information. Material & Methods: Present study was observational and Prospective with study duration of 1 month. 93 package inserts were collected from different pharmacies of the Patna on request. Analysis of content of Package Insert was based on criteria laid down by Indian Drug and Cosmetic Rules, 1945 under section 6.2 of schedule D. Result: A total number of 106 PI were received, among which 93 PIs were analysed for the result remaining 13 PIs were discarded due to duplicity and unauthenticity. Out of them, 87 were from Indian pharmaceutical companies and 6 from multinational companies [Graph-2]. All PIs of antihypertensives and hypolipedemic were of oral preparations. Out of 93 PIs 37 were antihypertensives, 34 were antidiabetics and 22 hypolipidemics. Out of 34 anti-diabetic PIs, 22 (59.6%) were oral and 12 (40.4%) were injectable preparations. Out of 93 PIs, 40 (43%) belonged to Grade A (including all injectable preparations) and remaining 53 (57%) to Grade B. No PIs belongs to Grade C.87 PIs were from Indian companies and 6 PIs were from multinational companies. It was observed that more PIs from Indian companies belonged to Grade A. Conclusion : we are facing the pandemic of diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and other diseases. In such situation PI can play a vital role in improving the patient compliance and thereby the prognosis of disease. Hence a smart PI which is complete, reliable and up-to-date is the need of the hour.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"349-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86786910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Anti-microbial Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Corchorus tridens L.","authors":"S. Isaiah, N. SenthamizhSelvan, C. ArunKumar","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I12.3736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I12.3736","url":null,"abstract":"The plant Corchorus tridens Lbelonging to the family Malvaceae form the part of the traditional medicine system. The species of this family useful for the prevention of anemia, general healers and a remedy for heart disease, enemas, parturition and febrifuges. The whole plant (Corchorus tridens L ) were washed with normal water and shade dried, powdered and extracted by soxhlet apparatus using solvents like ethanol and petroleum ether. The extracts were screened for major phyto constituents using standard procedures. The extracts of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinines, steroids, tannins, phenol etc. The antimicrobial activity was carried out by Disc Diffusion Technique at Periyar Pharmaceutical College, Trichy. The plant constituents were characterized by UV (Ultra violet), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and GC-MS analysis. The functional groups present were confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The antibacterial activity has confirmed the potential medicinal activity of the plant.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"353-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77384328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ayurvedic preparation lauha bhasma as a potential haematinic agent","authors":"Mrunali S. Potbhare, C. Tenpe, S. Deepak","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I12.3773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I12.3773","url":null,"abstract":"Anaemia is one of the most prevalent blood related disorder. The present study was carried out to study the haematinic effect of ayurvedic iron preparations lauha bhasma in treating anaemia in wistar rats of either sex. Anaemia was induced by intra-peritonial administration of phenyl hydrazine. Three different doses of lauha bhasma were evaluated for the haematinic activity and compared with that of Ferrous sulphate. The results suggest that lauha bhasmas shows significant haematinic activity.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"358-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76332301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal efficacy of a polyherbal formulation versus loperamide in rat models","authors":"S. Munshi, Ranjita Santra, T. Sur, M. Nandy, S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I11.3729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I11.3729","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To assess the efficacy of a new polyherbal  formulation LQ14 for acute diarrhea in rats and to explore its mechanism of action as an anti-diarrhoeal agent. Materials and methods Wistar albino rats (average body weight 150g) were divided into five groups of six animals each. Group 1 control (2 ml/kg distilled water), group 2 received loperamide (3 mg/kg) served as standard and group 3, 4, and 5 received test drug LQ14 (1 ml/kg, 2 ml/kg and 4 ml/kg respectively) 1 hour before castor oil administration. All drugs were given by oral route. Diarrhea was induced by administering 1 ml of castor oil. Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhoea, Castor Oil-Induced Enteropooling and Small Intestinal Transit were the models used in this study. Results LQ14 possess significant anti-diarrhoeal activity due to its effect on reduction of frequency of diarrhoea episodes, delay in gastrointestinal propulsion and inhibition of fluid accumulation in the intestinal tract of rats. Conclusion The new polyherbal formulation was found to possess anti-diarrhoeal activity as it showed significant reduction of number of diarrhoea stools, delayed gastrointestinal propulsion and inhibition of fluid accumulation in the intestinal tract of rat","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"343-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74745641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental hepatotoxicity Inducing agents: A Review","authors":"Ashif Iqubal, M. K. Iqubal, S. Haque","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I11.3700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I11.3700","url":null,"abstract":"Liver is the most important organ that performs vital function of the body. Hepatotoxicity is becoming a leading cause of death world-wide and prevalence is increasing exponentially. There are many traditional as well as allopathic medicines available which impart hepatoprotection but the treatment of chronic liver disease is still a challenge for health care professionals. For this purpose, rodents are routinely being used in the laboratory for induction of hepatotoxicity. Non-invasive methods that includes chemicals (CCL 4, thioacetamide, aflatoxin B1, Acrylamide etc), toxic metals (mercury, lead, arsenic and cadmium), drugs (NSAIDs, antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents), radiation, high-fat diet and alcohol, are generally used to induce hepatic toxicity. Invasive methods used generally include bile duct ligation and portal vein ligation. This article provides an overview of different types of hepatic toxicants, their doses and time of induction. This review will help researchers in selecting the right model and studying and developing newer hepatoprotective drugs with minimum side effects.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"325-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88525789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous extract of leaves of Cassia siamea Lam exhibited antihyperglycemic effect and improved kidney function in diabetic Wistar rats","authors":"Camille Koffi, M. Kamagaté, Eugène Koffi, N. Kouamé, N. Yao, É. Balayssac, H. Die-Kakou","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I11.3693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I11.3693","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The leaves of Cassia siamea Lam. (Fabaceae) have been widely used in folklore medicine for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. This study aimed to investigate if aqueous extract of leaves of C. siamea can protect against hyperglycemia in experimental diabetes. Materials and methods: Preliminary, acute toxicity of aqueous extract of C. siamea (LACS) was evaluated. Then, acute hypoglycemic test and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed for three doses of LACS (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/bw; vo) in non-diabetic Wistar rats. Third, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, oral treatment with LACS (200 mg/kg/day), vehicle (10 mL/kg/day) and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg/day) was performed for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, changes in body weight and food intake were evaluated. Biomarkers of kidney functions (urea and creatinine) were determined. Results : Dose of 2000 mg/kg bw of aqueous extracts of C. siamea was not toxic. In non-diabetic rats, LACS significantly prevented oral glucose-induced hyperglycemia. In diabetic rats, this extracts significantly increased body weight without modify the food intake after four weeks of administration. Interestingly, it signi?cantly reversed the hyperglycemia and improved kidney functions, i.e reduced serum urea and creatinine levels without affect the serum concentrations of Na + , K + , Cl - and Ca 2+. . Conclusions: These ?ndings proved that leaves of C. siamea owned a benefic effect on hyperglyceamia and protected against kidney dysfunctions in diabetes. Hence, it could be used in the management of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"91 1","pages":"336-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84940810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Membrane intracellular and plasma magnesium and calcium concentration in preeclampsia: A cross sectional study","authors":"Nadal Ahmed Edrees, Omer Fadol Edris","doi":"10.7439/ijpr.v6i10.3536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/ijpr.v6i10.3536","url":null,"abstract":"This is cross sectional study was done to determine the plasma concentrations of calcium, magnesium in women with, preeclampsia and in normal pregnancy. This study was carried in Ebn Siena Hospital, Khartoum. Fifty subjects were evaluate in this study, 25 preclampsia patients as cases and 25 healthy apparently as control groups. 50 pregnant women divided in tow groups, group one diagnosed with preecalmpisa (diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg; urinary albumin excretion >300 mgL), 25 patients, and group tow (25) as control. The age ranging between 35-55 years. This study carried in Ebn Siena Hospital, Khartoum state from February to May 2015, To investigate the plasma concentrations of calcium, magnesium in women with, preeclampsia and in normal pregnancy. Easylyte used to estimate Mg++ , Ca++ levels, the result found that a significant decrease in the plasma calcium concentration in the preeclamptic group compared to controls or healthy pregnant women (P < .05). Plasma magnesium concentrations were significantly lower in the healthy pregnant group and the preeclamptic group as compared to controls (P < .000).","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"322-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77571799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}