International Journal of Pharmacological Research最新文献

{"title":"Adverse event monitoring of antiretroviral drugs- A pharmacovigilance perspective","authors":"R. Sehgal, M. Gupta, P. Ghalaut","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V7I3.3988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V7I3.3988","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To monitor and evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antiretroviral drugs in patients of HIV/AIDS by active and spontaneous/solicited ADR monitoring. Methods: A prospective observational study to monitor ADRs was carried out over 12 months in 187 patients of HIV/AIDS taking antiretroviral treatment. The ADRs reported were evaluated for incidence, frequency, causality, severity, seriousness and preventability. Causality assessment was done using the WHO-UMC and Naranjo scale, seriousness was considered as per the ADR reporting form, severity and preventability assessment were done as per the Hartwig severity scale and the modified Schumock and Thornton criteria respectively. Results: 103 patients (55.1%) reported at least one ADR and 108 ADR reports were collected. Mostly the ADRs came from the tenofovir + lamivudine + efavirenz regimen with efavirenz related to most number of ADRs (52.5%). Maximum ADRs belonged to the system organ class of neurological disorders (64.81%) followed by gastrointestinal (19.44%) and skin and appendages disorders (7.40%). Causality assessment by WHO-UMC scale revealed most of the reactions as possible (99.2%) while Naranjo scale assessed most of them as probable (69.8%). Most of the reactions (96.1%) were mild in nature and no serious reactions were reported. Preventability assessment determined most reactions (94.6%) as not preventable. Conclusion: Antiretroviral drugs have a huge potential for causing ADRs specially neurological and gastrointestinal. Active pharmacovigilance is vital in recognizing such reactions to ensure timely management and optimal therapeutic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"89 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83090289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of leukemia","authors":"Arshiya Tabbasum, A. Rasheed, M. Fatima","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V7I3.4015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V7I3.4015","url":null,"abstract":"Bone marrow is a greasy, vascular tissue that fills most bone depressions and is outcome of red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC). Blood diseases, regenerative treatment, autoimmune diseases, repairing brain damage haematological clutters can be readily treated by bone marrow transplantation. There are two major types of bone marrow transplants. The type used will depend on the reason you need a transplant they are: Autologous transplants, Allogenic transplants. Autologous transplants include the utilization of a man's own foundational microorganisms. Lessened power transplants are done on an inpatient or outpatient premise contingent upon the treatment arrange. Bone marrow transplant is needed to cure Aplastic fraility, leukemia, lymphoma, mylenoma, autoimmune diseases, acquired metabolic diseases, hodgkin disease and sickle cell anemia.The following diseases are the one of the most benefit treated from bone marrow transplant: Leukaemias, Severe aplastic anaemia, Lymphomas, Multiple myeloma Immune deficiency disorders. Recent advances in treatment of leukemia other than bone marrow transplantation includes treatment of Some solid tumour cancers bone marrow transplants without using chemotherapy The chemotherapy and radiation used for transplant damage DNA and can cause both immediate problems and long-term damage to many tissues in the body. Using antibodies such as Attaching the antibody to c-kit resulted in depletion of blood stem cells in immune-deficient miceT-cell depletion, By increasing the number of T cells given in each treatment in a controlled manner, they hope to identify desired effect on leukaemia cells without causing significant graft-versus-host disease, Engineered t- cell to train a patients T-cells to recognize and kill cancer cells, reduced-intensity conditioning regimens which are better tolerated because they utilize lower doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy and recently innovated therapy is invivo imaging using bioluminescence which is a tool for probing graft-versus-host disease","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89077620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A propspective study on antimicrobial usage in obstetrics and gynecology department in tertiary care teaching hospital","authors":"Preeti Singh, V. Singh, R. Najam, F. Khan, P. Matreja","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V7I3.4009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V7I3.4009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Antibacterial agents are one of the most frequently used drugs word wide, and contribute immensely to human health system. Maternal health is very important because both fetus and mother are at jeopardy. Many drugs are used in Obstetrics & Gynecology department but they are least studied with respect to drug utilization which is a potential tool in evaluation of health systems. Thus, present study was undertaken to analyze drug utilization pattern of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This prospective study of the audit prescription was conducted for a period of three months from March 2016 to May 2016 on patients visiting the Obstetrics & Gynecology department during the study period. Patients were enrolled on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results 130 patients were analyzed. Antibiotics were prescribed for eclampsia followed by full term pregnancy (FTP) in labor, puerperal sepsis, intra-uterine death with previous LSCS with diabetes and pregnancy induced hypertension. ?-lactams were most commonly prescribed antimicrobials to 47.46% of patients, other drugs that were commonly prescribed were proton-pump inhibitors and NSAIDs. Out of 433 drugs which were prescribed to 130 patients, 316 were antibiotics. The average numbers of antibacterial agents which were prescribed per patients per course was found to be 3.88 and average cost per prescription per day was Rs.210.50 and the average antibiotic cost per encounter was Rs.168.50. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that most of the prescription were found to be rational according to the use of AMAs which helps in reducing adverse events and health care cost.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":" 10","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91412371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiproliferative Properties of Leaf Extract of Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabberly","authors":"N. SijuE, G. Rajalakshmi, M. Poornima, M. K. Anjusha, M. Minil, N. Hariraj","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V7I2.3900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V7I2.3900","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative properties of hydroalchoholic extract of Hopea ponga leaves. METHODS: The antiproliferative capacity of extract was assessed by employing different assays such as by brine shrimp lethality assay, MTT assay and trypan blue assay in HeLa cells. Results were compared with standard vincristine. RESULTS: In vitro antiproliferative study of the hydroalcoholic extract of H.ponga was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality assay, MTT assay and trypan blue assay in HeLa cells. The results indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of H. ponga possessed good antiproliferative property when compared to the standard drug vincristine. CONCLUSION: The result suggests that the hydroalochoholic extracts of H. ponga plays an important role in antiproliferative activity.The activity may be due to the presence of flavonoids. It is further suggested that in vivo studies and characterisation of fractionated extracts May be conducted in this extract, to establish its effect. Hopea ponga ( Dennst.)Mabberly. H. ponga has been used as a source of timbre for construction and agricultural implements shows its potential as being used as antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, so it can be concluded that this species should be conserved and explored further.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"144 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86755628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of N-acetylcysteine on time- dependent biochemical and oxidative changes after acute diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate poisoning in mice","authors":"Jebin Jacob John, N. L. Gujar, R. Bhattacharya, G. Prasad","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V7I2.3864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V7I2.3864","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of an antioxidant, viz., N -acetylcysteine (NAC) against various biochemical and oxidative changes caused by acute diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) poisoning in mice. Materials and Methods: Effect of NAC (150 mg/kg) alone or in conjunction with atropine (10 mg/kg; 0 min), and/or 2-PAM (30 mg/kg; 0 min) on (i) LD 50 of DFP, (ii) time for onset of signs and symptoms, and death after lethal doses of DFP, and (iii) time- dependent biochemical and oxidative damage after 0.50 LD 50 DFP was investigated in Swiss albino mice. Results: NAC (-60 min) did not confer any additional protection against DFP when measured by protection index (ratio of LD 50 of DFP in protected and unprotected animals). However, NAC (-60 min, 0 min or +5 min) with atropine/ and or 2-PAM significantly delayed the onset of signs and symptoms, and time of death after 2.0 LD 50 DFP. Further, NAC (-60 min) augmented the efficacy of atropine and 2-PAM in normalizing the butyrylcholinesterase and reduced glutathione levels in plasma, and acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels in brain. Conclusion: The study indicates beneficial role of NAC in mitigating the toxicity of OP.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"2012 1","pages":"43-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86374156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive enhancement activity of turmeric oil in amyloid beta (25-35) induced Alzheimers model","authors":"S. Ittiyavirah, Abin K Kuriyakose","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V7I2.3643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V7I2.3643","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Turmeric oil (TMO) is a secondary metabolite of Curcuma longa Linn obtained by steam distillation of its rhizomes. It contains 50% ar-Turmerone as a major constituent. The antioxidant, anti-bacterial and anti- inflammatory activities of the Turmeric oil have already been established. It has been reported that, Curcumin (CM) is having a protective role in neuro inflammation and beneficial in Alzheimers disease (AD). But the effect of TMO (fraction without CM) is not explored till now. Aim: To evaluate the cognitive enhancement activity of turmeric oil using Amyloid Beta induced Alzheimers model and comparing it with that of Curcumin. Methodology: An ICV injection was performed to administer A? (25-35) peptide to both the lateral ventricles of the Wistar albino rats. Turmeric oil (400mg/kg), Curcumin (400mg/kg) and Donepezil (DPL) 10mg/kg were suspended in sunflower oil and administered orally from the second day of ICV injection. After 16 days of recovery period, in-vivo screening for spatial working, spatial learning and recognition memory were performed by Radial arm maze, Morris water maze and Novel object recognition task respectively. In-vitro study of acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory activity was also performed by modified Ellmans method. Results: TMO significantly reduced the number of wrong entries in Radial arm maze compared to the A? group. DPL showed maximum reduction in number of wrong entries followed by CM and TMO. In Morris water maze task, TMO significantly reduced the escape latency when compared to the A? group. The effect of DPL in escape latency was more significant compared to CM and TMO. In Novel object recognition task, TMO could not alter the percentage time spent on the novel object compared to the A? group. DPL and CM significantly increased the percentage time spent on the novel object. Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory activity of TMO, CM and DPL were 53.37%, 58.26% and 66.35% respectively at 10mg/ml concentration which denotes the enhancement of acetyl choline in brain. TMO provides a significant protection against spatial working and learning memory impairment, while its effect was not much affected in recognition memory impairment. Conclusion: It is concluded that Turmeric oil enhances the cognitive activity compared to Curcumin and Donepezil.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74040824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptozotocin is more convenient than Alloxan for the induction of Type 2 diabetes","authors":"Manik Islam, M. Rupeshkumar, K. Reddy","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V7I1.3818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V7I1.3818","url":null,"abstract":"Alloxan as well as Streptozotocin tend to be toxic glucose analogues which preferentially build up in pancreatic beta tissue via the actual GLUT2 glucose transporter. Alloxan as well as Streptozotocin would be the most notable diabetogenic chemical substances in diabetes investigation. Both tend to be cytotoxic glucose analogues. Even though their cytotoxicity is actually achieved by way of different paths, their systems of beta cellular selective motion are similar. In 1838, Wohler as well as Liebig synthesized the pyrimidine type, which these people later known as alloxan. Within 1943, alloxan grew to become of curiosity about diabetes investigation when Dunn as well as McLetchie reported it could stimulate diabetes within animals due to the particular necrosis from the pancreatic beta tissue. The ensuing insulinopenia causes a situation of fresh diabetes mellitus known as alloxan diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ) was isolated through Streptomyces achromogenes within 1960, Streptozotocin is definitely an antimicrobial agent and it has also already been used like a chemotherapeutic alkylating agent. In 1963, Rakieteneting. reported which Streptozotocin is actually diabetogenic. Once again, this insulinopenia affliction, called Streptozotocin diabetes is brought on by the particular necrosis from the pancreatic beta tissue and Streptozotocin may be the agent of preference for the actual induction associated with diabetes mellitus within animals since. STZ is actually preferred compared to Alloxan in order to induce diabetic rat because of its higher inductive price and reduce toxicity. STZ is much better especially whenever inducing DM2, STZ as well as nicotinamide may be used within recent functions. The fatality rate associated with alloxan is actually high and result in a high reduction in bodyweight. In this short article we may demonstrates using STZ is actually more security and handy than using Alloxan for that induction associated with diabetes mellitus 2.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"06-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84515693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV infection and vaccine in nursing students, nursing staff and female hospital workers in a tertiary care centre of North India.","authors":"A. Mishra, S. Malik, R. Hooda, S. Gupta","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V7I1.3777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V7I1.3777","url":null,"abstract":"Human Papilloma virus is one of the most common and dangerous sexually transmitted disease which affects around 50-80 % of women of reproductive age group. HPV is associated with a number of diseases like vaginal warts, anal warts, premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Present study is undertaken to assess the knowledge of cervical cancer screening, HPV infections, and HPV vaccination in nursing students, nursing staff and female hospital workers. A total of 110 nursing students, 80 nurses and 70 group D female workers were interviewed. Most of the nursing students had adequate knowledge about cervical cancer and screening followed by Staff nurses. Knowledge of HPV infection and vaccine is adequate in3/4 th of the nursing students and nursing staff. Female workers had inadequate knowledge of cervical cancer and screening and negligible knowledge of HPV infection and vaccine. We concluded that Healthcare employees should be involved in all the cervical cancer awareness programs initiated by hospital. If properly informed Hospital staff could be a useful link for spreading information from heath care systems to general public.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88561608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Depression","authors":"Lavanya Yaidikar, D. Anilkumar, S. Thakur, Niranjanbabu Mudhuluru","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V7I1.3790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V7I1.3790","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is the leading cause of disability with a prevalence of more than 20% worldwide. It is associated with change in mood, loss of pleasure, inability to concentrate, lack of energy, sleep disturbance, guilty and suicidal tendency. The exact mechanism of depression is not known till now, but many hypothesis were implicated in the pathogenesis of depression which includes monoamino, GABAergic, glucocorticoid, neurotrophic, inflammatory hypothesis. The present review emphasized on different hypothesis for better understanding the pathogenesis of depression and identifying potential targets for screening of drugs for antidepressant activity.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"01-05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83038240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antitussive properties of the root extract and fractions of Acanthospermum hispidum (L)","authors":"C. Onyeto, P. Akah, A. Okafor","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V7I1.3768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V7I1.3768","url":null,"abstract":"Acanthospermum hispidum (Asteraceae) is plant widely used in South Eastern Nigeria to treat cough. This study investigated the antitussive properties of the root extract and fractions of A. hispidum . The antitussive effects of oral administration of 400 and 800 mg/kg of A. hispidum root methanol extract (ME), hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EF) and methanol fractions (MF) were evaluated using sulphur (iv) oxide and ammonia induced cough models in mice. The extract and fractions were subjected to acute toxicity test, phytochemical analysis and HPLC finger printing. The extract and fractions of A. hispidum exhibited strong and significant antitussive effects in both cough models. The MF and EF exhibited significant ( p 5000 mg/kg in mice was established for the extract. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins and flavonoids which may be responsible for its antitussive effects. Results revealed the antitussive property of A. hispidum and root which correlate to its ethnomedicinal use to relieve cough.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"146 1","pages":"12-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80541237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}