International Journal of Integrated Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Rolling and Ageing On Mechanical Properties of AA2195 Based Metal Matrix Composites","authors":"Srinivasa Rao. M, K. T. Balaram Padal","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"The modern Aluminium based composites have a great demand in the field of aerospace applications due to their lightweight, high strength, high stiffness, and superior mechanical properties. The main objective is to fabricate the AA2195 composites through Medium Frequency Induction Furnace (MFIF) with Taguchi L16 design of experiments, hot rolling process and heat treatment of composites is done and then compare the mechanical properties of hot rolled and heat treated AA2195 composite with casted composite. It is analyzed the effects of reinforcements like graphite and boron carbide on the mechanical behaviors and microstructure of both AA2195 composites. The microstructures revealed that reinforcements were distributed uniformly throughout the composites. It observed that the elemental investigation on SEM and XRD for both the composites showed that formed intermetallic compounds (IMCs) helped refine the microstructure and further increased the mechanical properties. The hot rolled and heat-treated AA2195 composite fabricated at 8% B4C and 6% Gr exhibits the more enhanced ultimate tensile strength, hardness, and reduction in density, % elongation compared to the casted composite. The rolling process is used to reduce the porosity of the composite. In contrast, heat treatment enhances the composite's mechanical properties like strength and hardness.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Automated Emergency Braking System to Investigate Forward Collision Condition Using Scenario-Based Virtual Assessment","authors":"Lee Kah Onn, Colin Rei, Vimal Rau Aparow, Cheok Jun Hong, Alex Au Yong Lup Wai, Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.029","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent trend of automotive technologies, active safety systems for vehicles have become one of the key elements to reduce road traffic conditions. Automated vehicles are known as one of the active safety systems to minimize road traffic congestion and unwanted road hazardous situations. Generally, automated vehicles are designed using advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) technology to enhance the safety capability of the vehicles. Moreover, automated vehicles are designed to adopt multiple scenarios with different types of traffic situations. Generally, the performance of automated vehicles is evaluated to adapt with various road conditions and different type of traffic conditions, autonomously. Nonetheless, most of the safety testing was conducted in a controlled environment and with less traffic conditions. Moreover, this technology is tested in developed countries and mostly evaluated for highway driving scenarios, with less pedestrians and motorist’s road users. On the other hand, in developing countries such as Malaysia, most of the automotive researchers have initiated research related to automated vehicle based on controlled environment only. One of the primary focuses for the current automotive researchers is to reduce road accidents due to frontal collision. Thus, automated emergency braking systems have been heavily investigated by most developers to minimize road accidents. Most of the researchers analyze the system in terms of theoretical based simulation and tested using actual vehicle for physical testing. However, this type of testing is not sufficient to optimize the performance of automatedemergency braking systems for developing countries. Therefore, this study focuses on scenario-based virtual assessment to evaluate the capability of autonomous vehicles using automated emergency braking system without causing road casualties with the distance range is 4.5m to 0.5m depending on vehicle speed.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review On Electrospun Short Fiber Production","authors":"Cheryl Rinai Raja, Marini Sawawi, Siti Kudnie Sahari, Magdalene Andrew, Chin Suk Fun","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has become the interest of researchers in recent years for their unique properties of submicron scale materials. Nanotechnology also consists of nanofibers made from natural or synthetic polymers which can be electrospun into ultra-thin continuous fibers. These nanofibers are versatile as it can be found in various applications such as in filtration, affinity membranes, tissue engineering, biosensors, scaffolds, drug delivery and fiber reinforcement. Over the years, many researchers have reported various methods used to produce short electrospun fiber by means of ultrasonication, mechanical cutting, UV cutting, precipitation method, microtome cutting, cryo-microcutting, cryogenic milling, ball milling, and razor blade cutting under liquid nitrogen. The aim of this paper is to provide a review on electrospun short fiber production which elaborates more on the scission methods of the continuous as-spun fibers. The literature shows that several methods have been proposed and utilized, with varying degrees of success. Overall, it can be concluded that further research is needed to fully understand the complexities of this area and to develop a more effective approach.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Response of Applying Different Parameters On Negative Stiffness Honeycomb Structure","authors":"Abdalla Rabie Takrouny, Faris Tarlochan","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"It has become apparent that negative stiffness behavior may have potential applications in vibration isolation mechanisms, vibro-acoustic dampening materials, and mechanical switches. Unlike traditional honeycombs, due to these properties, a negative honeycomb can absorb substantial amounts of mechanical energy whilst maintaining a stable stress. The force threshold under displacement loading was investigated of three variables applied on different models of negative-stiffness honeycomb (NSH) structures. The three variables are material applied, honeycomb unit cell, and beam thickness of the negative honeycomb structure. Accordingly, nine models were developed, and the three varied materials were assigned repeatably to each model and then force threshold were studied after validating the model. The Finite element analysis (FEA) for formed model was validated and shows force value of 289 N with an error of 5% compared to the referenced model. In the 4- unit cell model, the highest force threshold of approximately 240 N was noticed during loading phase at the beam thickness of 19.05 mm for both nylon 11 and 12 material. Finally, the force threshold of 550 N during loading and unloading phases was observed for nylon 6/6 material at beam thickness of 19.05 mm. The results obtained confirm the negative stiffness behavior on the models and shows that the force threshold applied is reduced comparing to forces required in the conventional honeycombs models.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"17 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135821535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of 3D Orthogonal Woven Carbon/Kevlar Composite Under Tensile Loading","authors":"Ram Vishal G, Dalbir Singh, Srikanth H. V","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the tension response of polypropylene (PP) based composites reinforced with Carbon/Kevlar fabrics was investigated. The weft, wrap, and binder are considered in the direction (XYZ) and woven into a 3D fabric. Two homogeneous fabrics with Carbon (CCC), Kevlar (KKK), hybrid Carbon/Kevlar (CCK), and hybrid Kevlar/Carbon (KKC) fabrics were produced using a hand-made spoke frame. The architecture of the fabrics was three-dimensional orthogonal (3D-O). Four different composite laminates were manufactured using a vacuum bag-assisted moulding technique. The tensile loading was applied using a Nano-UTM set-up at travel of +6.25/-3.1 mm and software-automated generation of stress-strain data. The results indicated that the tensile properties of thermoplastic 3D-O composites are sensitive. In all the composites, the peak stress, strength, and modulus were increased when noticed with the 2D fabric. The experimental results show that the tensile strength of CCK and CCC with carbon fibres used in their weft and warp direction was greater than that of KKC and KKK with Kevlar fibres used in fibres weft and warp direction. The hybridization and 3D orthogonal weaving method also increased the tensile strength. The observation were characterized through scanning electron microscope.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Co-Flow Jet Parameters for Ahmed Body Application","authors":"Ikram Derghal, Mohd Saifuddin, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Noh, Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the drag reduction strategy of suction and blowing on idealize automotive vehicle, Ahmed Body. Optimization approach is adapted in order to analyse the effect of slot location, momentum coefficient and slot angle on the vehicle which experiencing drag. Despite all the efforts that have been done to reduce the Ahmed body drag using various active flow control system, most of the drag reduction were only less than 15%. A 25° Ahmed body with build in co-flow jet is modelled using a CAD software. The flow around the Ahmed body is simulated at Reynolds number based on length Re = 4.29 × 106. The governing equation were solve using an open source software package, which has been validated against experimental data. Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operator (PISO) algorithm is applied to solve the equation. The outcome of the simulation are varies depending on the variables. Some show a decrease in drag while there are also that actually increase the drag of the system. This are caused by the suction and blowing slots that effect the surrounding air flow whether it is reducing or increasing the wake size downstream of the body. The result shows the momentum coefficient and location of both suction and blowing jet played an important role of manipulating the flow around the body and reducing the drag. The velocity contours indicated that the key to drag reduction is by using 40 m/s jet velocity, placement of suction and blowing away from each other.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric Study for Runner Modifications of Die Casted Part with Venting Systems","authors":"M.D. Ibrahim, J. Jendia, Y. Kashiwabara, Y. Sunami","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"High-pressure die casting (HPDC) is a process used for creating complex components by injecting the molten metal inside the cavity at high pressure. Failure in die casting may reduce product mechanical properties, surface quality, and life cycle. In this paper, the die-casting process of an inspection instrument – test piece is investigated for parametric study and Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Parameters used in the die-casting process are important since it affects the molten flow quality inside the cavity. Thus, a parametric study is done to investigate the optimum parameter use in the die-casting process of the test piece. Runner gating system design is also one of the important criteria to maintain the quality of products. This paper also investigated the effect of runner gating system design optimization in reducing gas porosity. The CT scan of the sample mold is included to compare the relationships between gas porosity occurrence with CFD results. This paper proposed a new runner design named outward curvature runner with an air vent that can improve velocity and temperature distributions in reducing die-casting defects. In addition to that, air vents are installed to extend the volume and promote higher suction, to eliminate gas bubbles entrapment inside the cavity.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135821345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Numerical Model for Analysis of Heat Transfer in MHD Casson Fluid with Radiation and Viscous Dissipation","authors":"Gollapalli Shankar, Siva Reddy Sheri","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"This article is, concerned a numerical model for analysis of heat transfer (HT) in MHD Casson fluid (CF) with radiation and viscous dissipation. The governing PDE's are developed for the physical model and converted into non-dimensional form and then with the help of Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) solution is obtained. The impact of dimensionless parameters which are supervising the flow such as Magnetic parameter , Casson parameter ( ) thermal Grashof number Permeability of porous medium Prandtl number Heat absorption parameter Viscous dissipation and Radiation parameter are analyzed through graphs for fluid properties. The results obtained were compared with earlier reported results for correctness.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135821534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating The Surface Characteristics of Dip Coated 3D Printed ABS Specimens","authors":"Poornaganti Satyanarayana, Yeole Shivraj Narayan, Kode Jaya Prakash, Jyotsna Cherukuri, Maneiah D.","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"In the past few years, FDM basedpolymer 3D printing process has flourished mainly with ABS filaments as a thermoplastic source. Food packing, medical, marine and agriculture industries employdevices and other usable items made of polymers. Utilizing layered fabrication components in these areascompelthem to have self-cleansing, anti-freezing and corrosion resistant surfaces. It is generally complex and expensive to prepare hydrophobic coatings.The present work is related to the development of a surface coating on 3D printed ABS specimens with the mentioned properties. 3D printed specimens were fabricated using Flash Forge 3D printer without any modifications, and the hydrophobic coatings were achieved by dip coating process using Tricalcium phosphate-chitin solutions with a ratio of 70:30. Static contact angle measurement was employedin gaging wettability impact on dip coated 3D printed specimens. By using digital vernier calipers and profilometer (SJ410), dimensional accuracy and surface roughness were assessed pre and post-coating. According to ASTM D570-98, water absorption tests were conducted at different time intervals. Results of the experiment showed that the hydrophobic solutions had been successfully synthesized. The maximum contact angle was achieved for solution 1(4g of tricalcium phosphate solution with 0.3g chitin solution) i.e., 109.3°. Improvement in the textureof 3D printed ABS surfaceswas observed after dip coating. Dip-coated 3D printed ABS specimens exhibited minimal absorption based on their weight gain per area.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological Analysis of Zirconia-Hydroxyapatite with Bi-Modal System of Binders; Low-Density Polyethylene and Palm Stearin","authors":"Muhammad Mohamed Amin, Nur Syamimi Zainal Adelin, Abu Bakar Sulong, Norhamidi Muhamad","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"The two component micro-powder injection molding (2C-μPIM) process has evolved from μPIM process because of the increasing demand for multi-functional micro-components applications. In this research work, the selected materials to fabricate micro-sized bi-material parts are zirconia (ZrO2) and hydroxyapatite (HA). ZrO2 is chosen for structural integrity and bio-inert, while HA is mainly chosen for bio-active properties. The reason of employing the multi-component binders is to ensure the flowability of the feedstock. Feedstock rheological characteristics needs to be carefully investigated to avoid any undesirable and inhomogeneous mixture between powder and binder. A common binder system which is comprised of palm stearin and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were mixed with individual ZrO2 and HA powder particles to prepare for ZrO2 and HA feedstocks. Typically, the feedstocks were obtained ZrO2 and HA powders independently with a binder ratio of 60 wt.% of palm stearin and 40wt.% low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The mixing was carried out in Brabender mixer. Before mixing, critical powder volume percentage (CPVP) analysis was carried out to determine the optimal powder loadings required to prepare the ZrO2 and HA feedstocks. In this research work, the obtained CPVP of ZrO2 and HA powders were 47.0 and 59.0 vol.%, respectively. Based on CPVP analysis, six feedstocks with optimal powder loadings of 43, 44 and 45 vol.% for ZrO2 and 54, 55 and 56 vol.% for HA were prepared. The rheological analysis involving viscosity, shear rate, flow behavior index, activation energy and moldability index was investigated using capillary rheometer. Based on the obtained rheology result, it shows that the overall shear rate and viscosity are within the 2C-μPIM process recommended range. All tested composition shows pseudoplastic behavior. The results of the study found that ZrO2 and HA with optimal powder loadings of 55 vol.% and 44 vol.% have good rheological properties compared to feedstocks with other powder loadings. This is because both materials meet the criteria of good rheological properties which are low viscosity, high shear rate, flow behavior index less than one, low activation energy and high moldability index.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}