International Journal of Pharmaceutics最新文献

{"title":"Carrier-free cholesteric liquid crystal and xerogel of clarithromycin-ascorbic acid with enhanced antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity","authors":"Antonela Bartolilla ,&nbsp;Ariana Zoppi ,&nbsp;Marcela R. Longhi ,&nbsp;Virginia Aiassa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance represents a worldwide problem that necessitates the creation of innovative pharmaceutical strategies. In this study, two carrier-free supramolecular systems composed exclusively of clarithromycin (CTY) and ascorbic acid (AA) were developed and characterized: a semi-solid amphotropic cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) and a xerogel. The CLC gel represents the first report of a spontaneous and stable formation of a cholesteric phase from an antibiotic without additional structuring agents. Rheological studies and polarized light microscopy (PLM) show that the mesophase displayed typical viscoelastic behavior with both lyotropic and thermotropic features and consisted of nanometric particles with moderate uniformity, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The system enhanced the antibacterial activity of CTY. This was reflected in a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and in the inhibition of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> biofilms, including clinical isolates. These findings highlight its potential use in topical or oral antibiotic formulations. The xerogel showed a lamellar organization, as revealed by the calculation of interplanar distances from the X-ray diffraction pattern and further supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This system offers a novel and simple platform for the formulation of antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 126255"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging paradigms in bioorthogonal chemistry for future therapeutics.","authors":"Maide Önder, Fatma Zehra Yılmaz, Zeynep Demirsoy, Gülcihan Gülseren","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioorthogonal chemistry, referring to chemical reactions that can occur within living systems without interfering with native biological processes, provides a safe and specific method for labeling or linking biomolecules with rapid and efficient reaction kinetics. To date, various bioorthogonal reactions, such as Staudinger Ligation, copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), copper-free azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), and the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction, have been developed to achieve improved safety and efficacy. These advanced bioorthogonal reactions have enabled the emergence of innovative treatment strategies for diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy, and bacterial infections. Beyond disease treatment, bioorthogonal chemistry has also contributed to the development of advanced diagnostic materials. This review highlights the therapeutic, regenerative, and diagnostic applications of bioorthogonal chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"126236"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid monolayer composition and production efficiency in DSPC/PEG40St microbubbles for ultrasound applications","authors":"Sevgi Kilic,&nbsp;Ekrem Ozdemir","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipid-coated microbubbles are widely used as ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) and are being developed as carriers for drug and gene delivery. These microbubbles typically consist of an inert gas core and a stabilizing monolayer shell of phospholipid and a PEGylated emulsifier. In practice, a 9:1 M ratio of DSPC (a saturated phospholipid) to PEG-40-stearate (PEG₄₀St) is conventionally used, under a long-standing assumption that the final composition of the microbubble shell is identical to the initial mixture composition. In this study, we tested that assumption over a wide range of DSPC/PEG₄₀St ratios. Using sonication-based fabrication, we prepared microbubble suspensions with PEG₄₀St fractions from 10 % up to 90 %. We then quantified the shell composition by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and measured microbubble yield. Contrary to expectation, the PEG₄₀St content in the bubble shells lower than PEG₄₀St added, indicating selective exclusion or “squeezing out” of PEG₄₀St during formation. Only about 4–6 % of the total lipid mixture ended up in the bubble shells and the rest remained as excess in the sub-phase. Thus, 94–96 % of the costly lipid/emulsifier was wasted in the production process. These results overturn the conventional assumption and highlight a critical inefficiency such that substantial amounts of lipid and PEG₄₀St were lost during production, and the bubble yields were low. The findings have important implications for microbubble manufacturing, suggesting that alternative formulations or other production methods are needed to improve efficiency, and thus reduce costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 126254"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Thermostable nasal spray dried COVID vaccine candidate.","authors":"Maximilian Aisenstat, Kelvin Duong, Christina Renshaw, Robert Kinsey, Kyle Kaufman, Mani Ordoubadi, John Chen, Hui Wang, Wynton D McClary, Alana Gerhardt, Renata G F Alvim, Tulio M Lima, Leda R Castilho, Andrew R Martin, Christopher B Fox, Reinhard Vehring","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A nasal dry powder adjuvanted subunit COVID vaccine candidate was manufactured via spray drying and evaluated for physicochemical stability and aerosol performance over the course of 10 months under accelerated conditions. A nanoliposomal adjuvant system containing synthetic TLR 4 agonist GLA and synthetic TLR 7/8 agonist 3 M-052 and a trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antigen were encapsulated using trehalose and varying amounts of trileucine as excipients. 1 % and 3 % trileucine batches as well as a trehalose-only control batch were spray dried to achieve varying levels of particle surface modification and to study the overall effects on stability and aerosol performance. All batches achieved good yields and low processing losses on drying. Samples were held at 25 °C and 40 °C and monitored for physical and chemical stability. All three batches showed excellent performance over the course of the study. Overall morphology; solid phase; moisture content; contents of GLA and 3 M-052; and aerosol performance were largely maintained after exposure to high temperatures for 10 months. Spike protein antigen remained present in all samples after exposure, and liposomal size distributions remained within acceptable ranges for all but one of the samples. Overall, this vaccine candidate showed performance suitable for distribution independent of the cold chain and would be able to withstand high-temperature conditions encountered during last-mile delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"126240"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysaccharide-based microneedles for advanced wound healing: recent advances and future challenges","authors":"Akshay Kumar ,&nbsp;Devesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Suresh Babu Kondaveeti ,&nbsp;Jailani Shiekmydeen ,&nbsp;Ankit Awasthi ,&nbsp;Thakur Gurjeet Singh ,&nbsp;Mohit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wound healing is a complex, dynamic, and tightly regulated biological process orchestrated by intricate cellular signalling pathways. Both acute and chronic wounds present significant therapeutic challenges, driving the demand for innovative and effective treatment modalities. The existing treatment options fail to address the challenges associated with conventional dosage forms, such as poor skin penetration and low bioavailability. Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a minimally invasive, highly efficient platform for localised drug delivery, offering the potential to accelerate and enhance tissue repair. Among the diverse materials investigated for MN fabrication, polysaccharide-based biodegradable polymers have attracted particular interest owing to their exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and intrinsic biological activities. This review provides an in-depth analysis of natural polysaccharides (e.g., chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid) and synthetic polysaccharides (e.g., polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, PLGA) employed in MN-assisted wound healing. In this review, authors also highlighted the roles of polysaccharides in modulating key phases of the healing cascade, namely inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling, via critical signalling pathways such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β. These multifunctional properties of marine, plants, and animal-derived polysaccharides are also explored, particularly their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic effects when incorporated into MN systems. By enabling targeted, sustained, and responsive therapeutic delivery, polysaccharide-based MNs represent a transformative strategy for advanced wound care. The future research should focus on scalable manufacturing techniques, the integration of stimuli-responsive elements, and robust clinical evaluation to unlock the full potential of these polysaccharide-mediated microneedles as next-generation wound healing platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 126256"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing glaucoma treatment with nanotechnology: a new frontier in ophthalmology.","authors":"Roghayyeh Baghban, Mohammad Reza Khalili, Athar Zareei, Mohammad Reza Talebnejad","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma is defined by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which ultimately results in permanent vision loss. Reducing Intraocular pressure (IOP) is now the primary therapeutic approach; however, it merely delays the disease's progression and does not provide recovery. However, the present approaches, like eye drops, have low adherence and short-term efficacy, and procedures are susceptible to failure because of wound fibrosis. By encapsulating antifibrotic and IOP-lowering medications in biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs), nanotechnology provides a method that ensures continuous release to protect injured eye cells. Additionally, nanotechnology makes it possible for patients to get therapy in a variety of convenient ways, such as contact lenses, ocular inserts, and eye drops. This review highlights the potential therapeutic applications of nanotechnology for managing glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"126210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning real-time control of continuous granulation process","authors":"Maksym Dosta ,&nbsp;Moritz Schneider ,&nbsp;Christopher W. Geis ,&nbsp;Lukas Schulte ,&nbsp;Jan M. Kriegl ,&nbsp;Alberto M. Gomez ,&nbsp;Enric D. Domenech ,&nbsp;Judith Stephan ,&nbsp;Martin Maus ,&nbsp;Victor N. Emenike","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition from traditional batch to continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing puts additional demands on the efficient process development and operation. The comprehensive understanding of complex interdependencies between critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) for the plants consisting of several unit operations is very challenging for process operators and experts. Therefore, the development of computational models is necessary to implement active process control and ensure a control state. Here, we present a machine-learning (ML) based approach to build a data-driven process model and to implement real-time process control for a continuous wet granulation line. The analysis of historical process data, where a set of experiments was performed for a targeted collection of new data, has allowed us to successfully build an ML kernel and to implement a control system for the granulation plant. Furthermore, to support the ML training process, the process data was extended with mechanistic models implemented as soft-sensors, resulting in a hybrid model architecture. The performed tests have shown that the proposed strategy and the developed ML system can be efficiently used to perform real-time control of the continuous plant and to achieve desired CMAs such as size and loss on drying of the final granules by adjusting CPPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 126244"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of triethyl citrate leaching from HPMC-phthalate based isolated films on film permeability and thermal properties","authors":"Naitik Jariwala ,&nbsp;Florentina-Maria Preda ,&nbsp;Anne Faure ,&nbsp;Guy Van den Mooter","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary objective of this study was to investigate to what extent triethyl citrate (TEC), a commonly used plasticizer, was leached from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMC-P)-based isolated films and how this affects the permeability of the film for the model drug acetaminophen. The effect of the plasticizer on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of HPMC-P films was studied using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) and utilized to estimate the extent of plasticizer leaching. A linear relationship between the Tg of the film and the weight proportion of the plasticizer was established and applied to develop a calibration curve, which enabled the quantification of plasticizer leaching from the isolated films. The leaching profiles of the plasticizer obtained from mDSC analysis demonstrated a slow migration from the film, 10 % w/w TEC films took nearly 24 h to completely leach out the plasticizer (95.1 ± 10.6 %) from the film, whereas 20 % w/w TEC films had leached out 76.7 ± 12.64 % of plasticizer within the similar exposure time. A concentration-dependent, slow leaching of plasticizer was observed, where films with a higher plasticizer content exhibited a reduced rate of leaching. This finding was consistent with the observed percentage of mass loss and the medium uptake capacity study of the films. Moreover, the addition of plasticizer at a concentration of 10 % w/w provided a permeability coefficient of 1.35 ± 0.19 e-06 (cm/s), while 20 % w/w yielded a coefficient of 1.97 ± 0.40 e-06 (cm/s), which directly contributed to an increase in the film’s permeability compared to the films without plasticizer (1.19 ± 0.11 e-06 cm/s).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 126252"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of injectable, bioadhesive, pH-responsive hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels for enhanced postoperative cancer therapy","authors":"Francesco Cancilla ,&nbsp;Annalisa Martorana ,&nbsp;Calogero Fiorica ,&nbsp;Giovanna Pitarresi ,&nbsp;Emanuela Fabiola Craparo ,&nbsp;Salvatore Emanuele Drago ,&nbsp;Fabio Salvatore Palumbo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer recurrence remains a major challenge in postoperative treatment, often due to incomplete surgical resection and the limited effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy. Traditional drug delivery systems show significant limitations, particularly in ensuring sustained local drug release and effective adhesion to irregular tissue surfaces. To address these issues, this study presents an approach for localized cancer therapy using in situ-forming hydrogels that combine injectability, bioadhesion, self-healing properties, and responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment (TME).</div><div>The hydrogels are based on hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives, functionalized to impart distinct properties. A hyaluronic acid aldehyde derivative grafted dopamine (HA-ALD-DOPA), which provides bioadhesive characteristics, ensuring the hydrogel’s attachment to postoperative sites and preventing displacement due to physiological movements and a HA aldehyde Doxorubicin derivative (HA-ALD-DOXO) loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin were both crosslinked with the HA diethylenetriamine derivative (HA-DETA) forming a dynamic Schiff base based platform that contribute to the hydrogel’s self-healing and pH-sensitive drug release behaviors. The hydrogels exhibited shear-thinning behavior for easy injectability while maintaining mechanical integrity. In vitro drug release studies confirmed the pH-responsive nature of the system, with controlled release at physiological pH and fast release under acidic conditions, simulating the TME.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 126233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small non-coding RNAs as therapeutic targets with delivery strategies in cancer treatment and their clinical applications","authors":"Sema Misir ,&nbsp;Alaa A.A. Aljabali ,&nbsp;Serap Özer Yaman ,&nbsp;Nina Petrović ,&nbsp;Mohammad A. Obeid","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in RNA biology have revealed unexpected diversity and complexity in RNA molecules and in cellular RNA metabolism. While protein-coding genes have taken center stage for decades, attention has significantly shifted toward the silent majority of the human genome, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Aberrant ncRNA expression is closely linked to critical processes involved in cancer, including cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. As such, ncRNAs represent promising targets for cancer therapy and are critical molecular markers for cancer prediction and prognosis, providing guidance for clinical decision-making. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), tRNA-derived small RNAs (tRNAs), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), arerdysregulatedarious cancers. These molecules can influence cancer progression through various mechanisms, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications, epigenetics, and signal transduction pathways. Therefore, these small molecules hold significant promise as cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. RNA technology offers promise as a therapeutic intervention for targeted gene silencing in cancer, and several RNA-based formulations are being evaluated in clinical trials for this purpose. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of cancer development, identifying specific therapeutic targets, and developing effective drug delivery systems are essential. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is also significant for the future development of RNA-targeted therapies. Carrier systems that facilitate the effective and safe delivery of small noncoding RNA-based therapeutics are crucial for successful clinical applications. RNA therapeutics must be delivered to the relevant organ and cell type and efficiently across the cell membrane to perform their intracellular functions. However, achieving therapeutic success requires a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving cancer, precise identification of therapeutic targets, and development of efficient and safe delivery systems for these agents.</div><div>This review examines the biogenesis of sncRNAs, their mechanisms of action, nanoformulation strategies, and studies focusing on sncRNA delivery systems. In addition, we present the cancer-fighting potential of RNA and RNA-related therapies and examine the current status of sncRNA therapeutics in the clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 126231"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}