International Journal of Pharmaceutics最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic and clinical potential of thiolutin microneedles on Alzheimer’s disease mitigation","authors":"Ghulam Jilany Khan,&nbsp;Aqsa Maimoona Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term malfunctioning of brain in older people neurons is known as Alzheimer’s disease (Alz-D), the most prevalent form of dementia worldwide. Pathophysiology of Alz-D includes, amyloid plaque, cholinergic neuron loss, choline acetyltransferase reduction, and tau fibrillary tangle progression. Several theories were also developed mainly involving the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but unfortunately, there is currently no medication that protects or regenerates neurons. Symptoms may include impairment in memory, speech, personality, verbal fluency, and progressive mental failure. Symptoms are managed with a variety of FDA-approved medications; however, researchers are still searching for new molecular targets to treat Alz-D in addition to working on drug development. Clinical trials for the treatment of Alz-D are among the various strategies being tried in the current scenario. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the key developments in Alz-D, and novel pharmacological therapies. Extensive review of various database, journals, books and websites are explored to select and analyse data based on pathophysiology, aetiology and different medications either approved or undergoing clinical trials, along with special emphasis on novel therapeutic approach; ‘thiolutin’ safety, efficacy, therapeutic outcomes, mode of action, structure activity relationship and molecular targets. We also emphasized on preparation of microneedle formulation of thiolutin to address its toxicity and to improve its efficacy. By utilizing microneedles nanomedicines and numerous novel approaches, currents study also aims to elucidate recent advancements and treatment options in future medicines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a stable inhalable dry powder formulation with osteoglycin fragment for alveolar epithelial repair","authors":"Luke van der Koog ,&nbsp;Evalyne M. Jansen ,&nbsp;Robin A.B. Elferink ,&nbsp;Sophie I.T. Bos ,&nbsp;Anika Nagelkerke ,&nbsp;Reinoud Gosens ,&nbsp;Henderik W. Frijlink ,&nbsp;Wouter L.J. Hinrichs","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible airflow limitation and progressive lung function decline, with a critical need for innovative treatments that can repair damaged lung tissue. The active fragment of osteoglycin (OGN) has previously shown significant regenerative potential in activating growth of alveolar epithelial cells, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic development. In this study, we developed an inhalable dry powder formulation of the OGN fragment using spray drying, incorporating inulin or mannitol as excipients and leucine as a dispersion enhancer. The formulations were assessed for their ability to support lung organoid formation and differentiation <em>in vitro</em>. After spray drying with inulin or mannitol, the OGN fragment maintained its ability to induce organoid formation, but only the formulation containing inulin supported the differentiation towards alveolar-type organoids (surfactant protein C positive). After 28 days of storage at high temperatures (60 °C) inulin was found to provide superior stability compared to mannitol. The dry powder formulation with OGN fragment and inulin demonstrated favorable aerodynamic properties, meeting the requirements for deep lung deposition when dispersed via a dry powder inhaler. Additionally, we showed that adding 4 % leucine or inulin sweeper particles significantly improved the dispersion behavior of the formulation and reduced dry powder inhaler retention. This study highlights the potential of an inhalable OGN fragment formulation as a novel therapeutic approach for lung tissue repair in COPD. The findings support further development and clinical evaluation of this formulation, particularly with inulin as the preferred stabilizing excipient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aptamer-Drug Conjugates (ApDCs): Transformative approaches in targeted cancer therapy and precision oncology","authors":"Amir Mohammad Zahedi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Pirouzbakht ,&nbsp;Saeed Zanganeh ,&nbsp;Ali Afgar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aptamers are emerging as highly promising tools for targeted cancer therapy, offering superior specificity and affinity over traditional approaches. This review comprehensively explores the cutting-edge landscape of aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs) for precision oncology, highlighting their innovative design and therapeutic potential. We explore how breakthroughs in SELEX technology and bioinformatics are revolutionizing aptamer discovery against cancer biomarkers, enabling the creation of highly effective ApDCs. The article systematically examines diverse conjugation strategies—from covalent linkages to nanoparticle-based delivery—and their crucial role in enhancing drug delivery to tumors. We showcase compelling preclinical successes of ApDCs, such as aptamer-gemcitabine and aptamer-doxorubicin conjugates, which demonstrate potent, tumor-selective cytotoxicity with minimal off-target effects. Despite these advancements, challenges in clinical translation, including stability, immunogenicity, and scalable production, persist. This review discusses promising solutions like multivalent aptamers and bispecific constructs, and provides insights from FDA-approved aptamer therapeutics and those in clinical trials. By critically assessing current limitations and future directions, this review underscores the transformative potential of aptamer engineering and novel conjugation strategies in reshaping targeted cancer therapy and personalized medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"681 ","pages":"Article 125902"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer microparticles in an evolving drug delivery landscape: challenges and the role of machine learning.","authors":"Zeqing Bao, Jongwhi Kim, Frantz Le Devedec, Aaron Clasky, Christine Allen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymer microparticles (MPs) have long been a cornerstone of long-acting injectable (LAI) drug delivery, offering controlled drug release, reduced dosing frequency, and improved patient adherence. Among these, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based MPs have demonstrated clinical viability and remain the most widely used platform. However, the broad and complex formulation design space, coupled with significant manufacturing challenges, has limited further development and often leads scientists to explore alternative delivery strategies. This paper examines the key barriers to polymer MP development and their implications for the advancement of LAI therapies. We also highlight the transformative potential of machine learning (ML) in addressing these challenges. ML-driven approaches offer new opportunities to navigate formulation complexity, streamline development, and accelerate the creation of innovative, scalable LAI systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"125906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microneedle & film-forming gel transdermal delivery strategy: A novel approach for vaccine delivery.","authors":"Tiancheng Xiong, Yang Han, Zhiyun Qi, Sha Guo, Xueyan Hu, Cui Wang, Lingkun Li, Tianyu Ma, Jingyi Chen, Jinghui Li, Jing Han, Hao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the significant challenges of vaccine distribution, particularly to low- and middle-income countries. Even when vaccines are made available through purchases or donations, issues such as insufficient trained medical personnel and inadequate infrastructure impede their widespread use. To address these challenges, we propose the Microneedle & Film-Forming Gel Transdermal Delivery Strategy (MFT strategy), which combines the minimally invasive nature of microneedles with the stability of film-forming gels that can be stored at room temperature. This strategy aimed to simplify vaccine production, reduce logistical burdens, and improve the efficiency of transdermal vaccine delivery while generating strong immune responses. In this study, we used ovalbumin as a model antigen and developed microneedles from methacrylic acid-modified hyaluronic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol, in conjunction with a polyvinyl alcohol-borax (PVA-B) film-forming gel. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the MFT strategy has achieved an efficiency improvement of 202.75 % compared to previously reported strategies. Besides, PVA-B film forming gel displayed strong antimicrobial properties and effectively stabilized proteins over 30 days at 25 °C, preserving the antigenic structure essential for vaccine efficacy. In vivo tests revealed that the MFT strategy induced humoral immune responses comparable to those achieved by intramuscular injection, with histological analysis confirming good skin tolerance and safety. Overall, the MFT strategy represents a promising vaccine delivery method with substantial clinical potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"125905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-Sensitive hydrogels for breast cancer therapy: Targeted drug delivery and controlled release approaches.","authors":"Anil Pareek, Bhumi Bhatt, Vrutti Parmar, Glowi Alasiri, Omar Awad Alsaidan, Devesh U Kapoor, Bhupendra G Prajapati","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer remains a major global health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional systemic treatments. pH-responsive hydrogels have emerged as promising platforms for targeted drug delivery and controlled release, exploiting the acidic microenvironment characteristic of breast tumors. These smart biomaterials can undergo physicochemical changes in response to pH variations, allowing for site-specific release of therapeutic agents. This review explores the unique pH gradients within breast tumor tissues and intracellular compartments, and how they can be harnessed for hydrogel-based drug delivery. We detail the design strategies of pH-sensitive hydrogels, including functional group selection, crosslinking mechanisms, and dual/multi-responsive capabilities. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in their application for localized chemotherapy, combination therapies, gene/siRNA delivery, and post-surgical implantable systems. Despite their potential, challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and scalability remain. This review also discusses future directions, including personalized hydrogel systems and integration with theranostic tools, paving the way for precision breast cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"125899"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raman spectroscopy reveals characteristics of sugar excipients in freeze-drying of nanofibrillated cellulose.","authors":"Aleksi Kröger, Julia Monola, Riina Harjumäki, Tatu Rojalin, Artturi Koivuniemi, Akseli Niemelä, Kirsi Svedström, Heikki Suhonen, Simo Huotari, Ossi Korhonen, Elle Koivunotko, Marjo Yliperttula","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Freeze-Drying (FD) has become an ever more significant part of the pharmaceutical industry as the number of biopharmaceuticals has increased in recent decades. The growing number of advanced therapy medical products (ATMPs) creates new challenges for the FD industry as cells, virus vectors, and other complex biologicals need to be preserved in dry conditions at room temperature. Nanofibrillated cellulose hydrogel (NFCh) is a wood-derived sugar polymer-based product that is used in various pharmaceutical applications, such as wound dressings, as a three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing platform, and in tissue engineering. NFCh can also be utilized as an excipient in FD. However, NFCh requires the use of other excipients to provide a desirable reconstitution ability and sufficient residual moisture contents after the FD process. In this work, the effect of formulation on the FD-reconstitution process of NFCh with saccharose, lactose, trehalose, and glycine was studied. Raman- and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy were utilized as non-invasive technologies to determine molecular changes in the formulations during the FD-reconstitution process. Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) analyses were performed to reveal the morphological changes of the FD formulations. Disaccharides likely formed a two-phase system with NFCh and were found to have a clear decreasing effect on the crystallinity of the freeze-dried NFCh. Glycine as an amino acid was found to stabilize the formulation, possibly due to preferential exclusion, which was observed in NIR-spectra. In the future these NFCh formulations can be utilized in FD of complex biologicals to overcome issues regarding their storage and transportation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"125900"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and in vitro characterization of inhalable cannabidiol dry powder for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","authors":"Komal Komal, Shuli Chen, Lyall R Hanton, Michelle Glass, Shyamal C Das","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, has shown therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. However, the therapeutic efficacy of CBD is limited by extensive hepatic metabolism and low oral bioavailability (approximately 20 %). These problems can be overcome by choosing an appropriate targeted drug delivery system. Delivering CBD to the lungs via a dry powder formulation could be an effective method to achieve adequate concentration and therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to develop a dry powder formulation of CBD with Inulin (INU) and L-leucine (LEC) using spray drying and to characterize its physicochemical and aerodynamic properties. A design of experiments (DOE) approach was used to optimize the formulation by varying feed concentration (0.2 % w/v to 0.8 % w/v), LEC concentration (5 % w/w to 20 % w/w), and CBD concentration (5 % w/w to 20 % w/w). The resulting CBD dry powder formulations exhibited a wrinkled morphology with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 5 µm and displayed a crystalline structure, as determined by powder X-ray diffraction. The response surface method (RSM) showed that increasing the feed concentration correlated with higher yields of the CBD formulations. Specifically, the formulation with a feed concentration of 0.8 % w/v achieved a yield of 61 %. The aerosolization data demonstrated a direct relationship between the Fine Particle Fraction (FPF) and LEC concentration, indicating that FPF increases as the LEC concentration increases. The highest FPF of 62 % was achieved with a 20 % w/w LEC concentration and a feed concentration of 0.2 % w/v. Based on this, LEC plays a crucial role in enhancing aerosolization efficiency. While feed concentration negatively affects FPF, lower feed concentrations lead to an increase in FPF. The Fine Particle Dose (FPD) varied with the concentration of CBD, with higher concentrations resulting in a higher FPD. A 28 days stability study under different humidity conditions (<15 % and 53 %) confirmed the stability of the CBD formulations. INU and LEC exhibited minimal cytotoxicity on A549 cells, while the raw CBD and CBD formulations showed comparable levels of cytotoxicity, pIC₅₀ 4.5 ± 0.3 and 4.2 ± 0.2. Interestingly, the CBD dry powder formulations significantly reduced inflammation (pEC₅₀ = 4.9) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These findings suggest that an inhalable formulation of CBD, incorporating LEC and INU, has been successfully developed. The formulations demonstrated improved aerosolization properties, stability, and promising anti-inflammatory effects, potentially making them a viable therapeutic option for inflammatory lung diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"125892"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sialic acid-functionalized nanomaterials for targeted cancer therapy, diagnosis, and theranostics.","authors":"Abulfazl Vatankhah, Sepehr Hoseinzadeh Moghaddam, Fatemeh Oroojalian, Prashant Kesharwani, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Targeted cancer therapy, by leveraging the overexpression of specific molecules on tumors, such as sialic acid (SA), offers a promising strategy to enhance antitumor efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. SA modification of nanomaterials can target both tumor cells and tumor-associated immune cells, improving drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. Tumor cells with high SA expression bind to sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) and selectins expressed on tumor-associated immune cells, potentially contributing to immunosuppression. By binding to these receptors, SA-modified nanomaterials enhance tumor biodistribution and cellular uptake, improving the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Additionally, SA-functionalized nanomaterials can target tumor-associated immune cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), allowing for the delivery of chemoimmunotherapeutic agents that can deplete TAMs or reprogram them to an antitumor M1 phenotype. SA-modified nanomaterials can also target peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils, utilizing them as vehicles for drug delivery to the tumor core. Furthermore, SA-functionalized nanomaterials prove valuable in cancer imaging and theranostics, enhancing the efficacy of imaging agents and theranostic nanomaterials. The multifaceted approach holds significant potential for advancing targeted cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"125901"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro release method development for Onivyde® using Agilent NanoDis® system","authors":"Ji Li ,&nbsp;Vivian Juang ,&nbsp;Ziyi Lu ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Anna Schwendeman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Onivyde® (irinotecan liposomal injection) is a pivotal treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer, designed for enhanced stability and improved tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. As generic versions emerge with patent expiration approaching, a reliable <em>in vitro</em> release test (IVRT) is critical to ensure product quality and bioequivalence. This study develops an optimized IVRT for Onivyde® using the Agilent NanoDis® system, which integrates tangential flow filtration and standard dissolution equipment. Key parameters, including filter material, molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs), medium composition and pH, and paddle speed, were systematically evaluated to refine the method. The final method effectively identified variations in formulations subjected to stress conditions, assessed batch consistency, and differentiate different mixtures of liposomal irinotecan and free drug. This optimized IVRT can support quality control, regulatory approval, and bioequivalence assessment of generic Onivyde® formulations, ensuring consistent therapeutic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125903"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}