{"title":"Thermosensitive self-assemblies: A review on structural and application aspects centred at drug delivery.","authors":"Kamal Kant Kaushik, Sanjay Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126045","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-assembled systems are formed by spontaneous arrangement of molecular units into nano-scaled structures with diverse morphologies. Spontaneity of formation makes these structures attractive in drug delivery and other biomedical applications. Thermosensitive self-assemblies consist of materials capable of exhibiting changes in their properties in response to changes in the temperature of microenvironment. Essentially, it happens owing to alteration in hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and molecular motions in the local region. In this review, we have discussed phase transition in polymers, peptides and lipid-based systems. The literature suggests that transition temperature of these components can be modulated through changes in block arrangement, block length and branching, the nature of hydrophobic/hydrophilic segments, concentration and incorporation of organic additives. Finally, we have reviewed the application of thermosensitive assemblies in drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":"126045"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126045","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/8/5 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Self-assembled systems are formed by spontaneous arrangement of molecular units into nano-scaled structures with diverse morphologies. Spontaneity of formation makes these structures attractive in drug delivery and other biomedical applications. Thermosensitive self-assemblies consist of materials capable of exhibiting changes in their properties in response to changes in the temperature of microenvironment. Essentially, it happens owing to alteration in hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and molecular motions in the local region. In this review, we have discussed phase transition in polymers, peptides and lipid-based systems. The literature suggests that transition temperature of these components can be modulated through changes in block arrangement, block length and branching, the nature of hydrophobic/hydrophilic segments, concentration and incorporation of organic additives. Finally, we have reviewed the application of thermosensitive assemblies in drug delivery.
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Pharmaceutics is the third most cited journal in the "Pharmacy & Pharmacology" category out of 366 journals, being the true home for pharmaceutical scientists concerned with the physical, chemical and biological properties of devices and delivery systems for drugs, vaccines and biologicals, including their design, manufacture and evaluation. This includes evaluation of the properties of drugs, excipients such as surfactants and polymers and novel materials. The journal has special sections on pharmaceutical nanotechnology and personalized medicines, and publishes research papers, reviews, commentaries and letters to the editor as well as special issues.
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