International Journal of Pharmaceutics最新文献

{"title":"Developing, fabrication and functionalization of soy bioactive peptides-nano particles therapeutic nano composites: A review","authors":"Khalid Amin ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Li ,&nbsp;Bo Lyu ,&nbsp;Sainan Wang ,&nbsp;Hongling Fu ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Hansong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticles (NPs) therapeutics has emerged as advanced systems for personalized therapeutics. However, they encounter several obstacles in attaining exact specificity and sensitivity for disease therapies. Therefore, the development of NPs with novel approaches is critically important to improve their therapeutic efficacy. One intellectual approach is assembling and compositing them with active biomaterials like smart disease targeting peptides. Bioactive peptides derived from soybeans, are reported to involve in several physiological functions like reducing chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) obesity, insulin-resistance/type II diabetes, immune disorders and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the conjugation of soy bioactive peptides with nanoparticles is a promising strategy towards engineered therapeutic nano systems. However, these conjugates of soy peptides-nanoparticles composites (SPNCs) are highly under considered. Engineered nanoparticles with peptides, captured attention as innovative therapeutic platforms. Consequently, SPNCs engineered nanostructure, have the high potential for future therapeutics as their composite/hybrid features of therapeutic NPs and soy bioactive peptides, can not only enhance their therapeutic behaviors but also can resolve their challenges they face as an individual. In this review for the first time, multimodal SPNCs with acclaimed therapeutic abilities are discussed which set a foundational understanding for the future nanotherapeutics. The foundational details of soy peptides, NPs and their chemistries and corresponding interactions with disease modes are discussed. Finally, precise guidelines for accuracy techniques to engineer SPNCs with efficient therapeutic abilities are explored. This study established the groundwork for advancement of composite soy bioactive peptides with NPs to achieve therapeutic SPNCs with high target specific abilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125983"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Transethosomal system for enhanced transdermal delivery and therapeutic effect of caryophyllene oxide” [Int. J. Pharm. 670 (2024) 125111]","authors":"Hiba Natsheh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Qneibi ,&nbsp;Naim Kittana ,&nbsp;Nidal Jaradat ,&nbsp;Mohyeddin Assali ,&nbsp;Bahaa Shaqour ,&nbsp;Murad Abualhasan ,&nbsp;Abdallatif Mayyala ,&nbsp;Yaqeen Dawoud ,&nbsp;Tala Melhem ,&nbsp;Sawsan Abd Alhadi ,&nbsp;Osama Hammoudi ,&nbsp;Abdullah Samaro ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mousa ,&nbsp;Sosana Bdir ,&nbsp;Mohammad Bdair ,&nbsp;Samia Aldwaik","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125904"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-line Raman-based quantification of the anhydrous content in a fully integrated continuous powder-to-granule line","authors":"Petra Záhonyi,&nbsp;Dániel Fekete,&nbsp;Erzsébet Moharos,&nbsp;Zsombor Kristóf Nagy,&nbsp;Edina Szabó","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research is based on a fully integrated continuous twin-screw wet granulation line from powder feeding to dried granules. One of its crucial steps is continuous drying, which can influence the crystal form and thus, the quality of the granules. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to develop a Raman spectroscopic method for monitoring the crystal form transition in-line and real-time during the continuous process while applying different drying temperatures. Dextrose was used as a model material due to its high industrial relevance as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipient. The real-time monitoring of the granules’ crystal form demonstrated that drying at higher temperatures (100 °C and 120 °C) resulted in partial dehydration of the initial <em>α</em>-<span>d</span>-glucose monohydrate. Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis proved suitable for real-time quantification of anhydrous content with a root mean square error of 3.3 % w/w. The results were validated by various conventional, off-line analytical techniques, which further confirmed the reliability of the model and the detected anhydrous content. This work shows the high predictive performance of Raman spectroscopy for in-line and real-time anhydrous content monitoring in a fully integrated continuous powder-to-granule line, enhancing process understanding and ensuring high and consistent product quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascorbyl palmitate/hyaluronan-modified poloxamer 407 nanoparticles for the topical delivery of fisetin to counteract UVB-induced skin photoaging: A novel anti-aging formulation","authors":"Asmaa H. Elwan ,&nbsp;Soha M. El-Masry ,&nbsp;Doaa A. Habib ,&nbsp;Mariam Zewail","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fisetin (FIS) has recently been the focal point of multiple studies. Yet, its skin delivery has not been fully investigated due to its low aqueous solubility and high lipophilicity. Herein, FIS-loaded Poloxamer 407 (P407) nanoparticles were modified with Ascorbyl Palmitate (AS) and Hyaluronan (HYA), providing a multimodal approach to preventing UVB-induced skin photoaging. Optimal FIS-AS-HYA-P407 nanoparticles demonstrated a particle size of 214.10 ± 0.32 nm with a zeta potential of −16 ± 0.83 mV, a high entrapment efficiency of 95.61 ± 0.52 %, and a sustained release reaching 68.05 ± 3.32 % over 24 h. FT-IR and DSC confirmed the formation of the nanoparticles and the compatibility of the components. FIS-AS-HYA-P407 nanoparticles penetrated the skin with a flux of 9.23 ± 0.59 µg/cm²/h in 8 h. Confocal microscopy proved the skin penetration of the nanoparticles up to 80 µm with high FIS distribution. The nanoparticles were biocompatible due to the lack of irritation and exhibited potent <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant effects, as confirmed by the DPPH assay. The <em>in vivo</em> study on Wistar rats demonstrated the photoprotective ability of FIS-AS-HYA-P407 nanoparticles via reducing TNFα, NF-κB, and MMP9 and elevating SOD and CAT levels, showing remarkable anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and antioxidant potential. JNK protein expression was reduced in skin samples pretreated with FIS-AS-HYA-P407 nanoparticles compared to FIS suspension, signifying a high photoprotective outcome. The novelty of this work is attributed to the formulation of FIS for the first time with HYA and AS in P407 nanoparticles to counteract UVB skin damage and photoaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of paclitaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles assisted by compatibility modeling","authors":"Alžběta Zemánková ,&nbsp;Anton Iemtsev ,&nbsp;Martin Dinh ,&nbsp;Alma Lucia Villela Zumaya ,&nbsp;Vladimíra Svobodová Pavlíčková ,&nbsp;Silvie Rimpelová ,&nbsp;Barbora Vokatá ,&nbsp;Fatima Hassouna ,&nbsp;Michal Fulem","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many anticancer active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), such as paclitaxel (PTX), exhibit poor water solubility, which limits their bioavailability and necessitates the use of excipients. While biodegradable polymeric excipients combined with nanotechnology offer promising solutions, the high cost of polymers and APIs, along with the vast number of potential API–polymer combinations, poses significant challenges in developing effective drug delivery systems (DDS). This study explores the potential of API–polymer phase behavior modeling as part of the design of nanoparticle (NP)-based DDS for PTX using poly(lactide-<em>co</em>-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(lactide-<em>co</em>-glycolide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) with varying molecular weights. The phase behavior of PTX–PLGA/PLGA-PEG systems, which reflects the compatibility of PTX with polymeric excipients, was predicted using the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS). To investigate the correlation between the predictions and experimental observations, PTX–PLGA and PEGylated PLGA NPs were prepared via an emulsion-solvent evaporation method with varying initial PTX amounts. The predicted trends in PTX solubility in polymeric excipients were then compared with key NP characteristics, such as drug loading, solid-state properties, and cytotoxicity in HeLa, SKOV-3, and MRC-5 cells. COSMO-RS predictions indicated limited PTX solubility in PLGA, which aligns with experimental observations, where the maximum amorphous PTX loading did not exceed 2 wt%, regardless of the polymer molecular weight. COSMO-RS modeling predicted higher compatibility of PTX with PEG, suggesting that incorporating PEG would enhance PTX loading in PEGylated NPs. This trend was corroborated by experimental findings, which showed increased drug loading capacity and slower PTX release from PEGylated NPs during cytotoxicity studies. These results highlight the potential of API–polymer modeling as a tool for tailoring polymeric carriers and optimizing API consumption in NP-based DDS development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pioglitazone/Curcumin co-loaded TPGS-functionalized nanocarriers: an auspicious repurposed therapeutic advance targeting lung and breast carcinoma","authors":"Shaymaa Elsayed Khater ,&nbsp;Riham A. El-Shiekh ,&nbsp;Essam Abdel-Sattar ,&nbsp;Jihad Mahmoud Alsofany","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims to fabricate D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS)-coated bilosomes co-loaded with pioglitazone hydrochloride (PG) and curcumin (CR) to attain a synergistic anticancer activity against the lung and breast cancers cells. PG is a glucose-lowering drug that can disrupt the cancer cell metabolism, while CR is a natural anticancer compound. The bilosomes were first developed and optimized, then coated with TPGS, and finally characterized for their vesicle size (VS), zeta potential (ZP), encapsulation efficiencies (EE), morphological characters, in vitro release patterns, and cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies on lung (A549) and breast (MCF7) cancer cell lines. The optimized uncoated bilosomes formula demonstrated a VS of 305.5 ± 2.5 nm, ZP of −46.4 ± 1.5 mV, and EE of 85.3 % ± 2.1 and 82.1 % ± 2.3 for CR and PG, respectively, compared to its TPGS-coated-formulation that had a VS of 353.2 ± 3.1 nm, ZP of −55.3 ± 2.5 mV, and EE of 82.4 % ± 2.1 and 80.5 % ± 1.3 for CR and PG, respectively. The optimized TPGS-coated bilosomes encapsulated amorphous drugs without any interactions between them and other formulation excipients. Moreover, it demonstrated a controlled release pattern for both CR and PG and showed 65.5 % ± 2.6 and 60.65 % ± 2.7 release in phosphate-buffer saline (pH 5.5) within 24 h, respectively. Furthermore, the TPGS coating of bilosomes enhanced their cellular uptake over time and amplified their cytotoxicity as it achieved combination indices of 0.89 and 0.73 on lung and breast cancer cell lines, respectively, compared to the free drugs solution. Accordingly, this study points out a propitious repurposed therapeutic approach of PG/CR combination against lung (A549) and breast (MCF7) cancer cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125991"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel powder property-based indices for predicting segregation risk in multicomponent pharmaceutical blends","authors":"Jingzhe Li ,&nbsp;Zankrut Vyas ,&nbsp;Claudius Weiler ,&nbsp;Yin-Chao Tseng ,&nbsp;Shubhajit Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powder segregation represents a critical challenge in pharmaceutical manufacturing, potentially compromising product quality through the non-uniform distribution of active ingredients. This study evaluates segregation behavior in pharmaceutical blends containing two model APIs (acetaminophen and ibuprofen sodium) formulated with various excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, and pregelatinized starch) at different drug loadings (2–10%) and excipient ratios (2 to 4) with mannitol. Near-infrared spectroscopy was employed for content analysis, while a modified Jenike and Johanson tester assessed the segregation propensity. Statistical analysis identified significant interactions between formulation variables, with particle size distribution and flow characteristics emerging as critical factors influencing segregation. A modified segregation index incorporating concentration ratio and drug load demonstrated improved correlation with material properties, with four key parameters identified as significant predictors: D₅₀, D₉₀/D₁₀, and ratio of corresponding flowability and size distribution width between API and the blend. Based on this, two composite parameter indices were finally developed and validated by commercial blends to facilitate rapid assessment of segregation risk during early formulation development, providing a practical approach to developing robust pharmaceutical formulations with reduced segregation risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125990"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional nanomaterial-mediated tumor therapeutics: enhancing efficacy and specificity","authors":"Sujin Kim ,&nbsp;Hwan D. Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its burden is rapidly increasing with the aging population. Conventional treatment methods often cause side effects such as metastasis, multidrug resistance, and damage to surrounding healthy tissues. In recent years, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been explored for tumor treatment. Due to the large specific surface area, nanomaterials have a high drug-loading capacity and an advantageous size that allows them to pass through the cell barrier. In addition, they can prolong drug residence time and prevent rapid drug decomposition. Nanomaterials can exist in various forms depending on their shape, with their use varying based on the application. Currently, the use of nanomaterials in tumor treatment often requires modification to enhance their versatility. This review summarizes the development and application of modified nanomaterial-based multifunctional tumor therapeutic agents for tumor treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125982"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of electrostatic charge on particle adhesion, powder cohesiveness and its alternative influences on powder flow properties","authors":"Tong Deng,&nbsp;Vivek Garg,&nbsp;Michael S.A. Bradley","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterising powder flowability for handling process is important but can be particularly challenging if only a small quantity of samples is available. A novel method developed at the Wolfson Centre uses only a few milligrams of samples to predict powder flow properties by Bond number — a representation of powder cohesiveness at the median size of particles by measuring particle adhesion. A good agreement between this method and the results using conventional shear cell testers has been found across various powders and formulations. However, recent investigations on acetaminophens revealed a discrepancy: predictions based on the Bond number did not align with the shear cell test results, suggesting the presence of additional contributing forces during the Bond number measurement.</div><div>As the Bond number is determined by assessing particle adhesion, it was hypothesised that electrostatic forces could influence the adhesion results and therefore the Bond number. This study focused on the electrostatic charge measurements of two grades of acetaminophen (dense and micronised) with differing particle sizes. For a comparison, common excipients such as lactose, magnesium stearate, and calcium carbonate were also evaluated, all of which previously exhibited good predictive correlations. Results show that acetaminophen samples exhibited charge levels up to 20 times higher than the excipient materials. It is inferred that electrostatic forces can strongly influence particle adhesion, if charge is significant, though their effect appears negligible in shear cell testing. The study concludes that electrostatic forces can significantly contribute to particle adhesion and impact powder flow behaviour particularly at low consolidation stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125986"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating microfluidics and streamlined remote drug loading: one step closer to continuous manufacturing of liposomal injectables containing small drugs","authors":"Mariana Biscaia-Caleiras ,&nbsp;Diana Lopes ,&nbsp;Carolina Henriques ,&nbsp;Ana Sofia Lourenço ,&nbsp;António Nunes ,&nbsp;Manuel Bañobre ,&nbsp;João Nuno Moreira ,&nbsp;Sérgio Simões","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial manufacturing of liposomal injectables faces significant technical challenges. Traditional batch manufacturing methods, like ethanol injection and extrusion, are time-consuming, prompting a shift towards continuous manufacturing. To improve process efficiency, this study tested microfluidics, a technique widely used in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) production for nucleic acid delivery, to optimize doxorubicin liposome manufacturing, focusing on vesicle formation and remote drug loading. The formulation consisted of neutral phospholipids with minimal DSPE-PEG content and no negatively charged lipids, components typically considered critical for liposome self-assembly and colloidal stability, demonstrating that microfluidics can effectively produce stable liposomes under these challenging conditions. Detailed characterization by cryo-TEM confirmed the formation of unilamellar vesicles with internal drug nanocrystals by microfluidics. In addition, it yielded fewer multilamellar liposomes than the conventional process (18 % vs. 35 %), indicating better control of vesicle structure and lamellarity. Importantly, employing microfluidics instead of ethanol injection and extrusion reduced liposome formation time by 70 % while ensuring consistent particle size distribution, relative to ethanol injection and extrusion. Additionally, lowering the temperature during drug loading (45 °C vs. 65 °C) shortened this step by 20 %, due to faster heating and cooling. Consequently, the optimized process was at least 25 % faster and reduced cost by 15 %. Although conducted at a 100 mL scale, these improvements are expected to be amplified on an industrial scale. Hence, these findings highlight the relevance of decreasing process temperatures and underscore the potential of microfluidics to enhance the efficiency and scalability of continuous manufacturing of liposomes for small molecular weight drug delivery, a field in which this technology has been underexplored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14187,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"682 ","pages":"Article 125973"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}