International Journal of Nephrology最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacological Treatment Options for Coronavirus Disease-19 in Renal Patients.","authors":"Jonny, Laurencia Violetta, Arief Sjamsulaksan Kartasasmita, Rully Marsis Amirullah Roesli, Coriejati Rita","doi":"10.1155/2021/4078713","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/4078713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including dialysis and transplant patients, are at greater risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 due to kidney dysfunction and preexisting comorbidities. To date, a specific guideline on managing these high-risk patients infected with COVID-19 has not been established. As the current management of COVID-19 comprises mainly experimental drugs, the authors aim to provide information on dosing adjustments at different stages of kidney dysfunction and notable renal side effects. We performed a nonsystematical review of currently available COVID-19 drugs exploring several different clinical trial databases and search browsers. Several antivirals and monoclonal antibodies used in COVID-19 treatment require dosage adjustments in kidney dysfunction. In a global pandemic setting, nephrologists need to consider the appropriate dosage according to the renal function and closely monitor the side effects of different drug combinations to obtain the optimum therapeutic effect while avoiding further renal damage. Further studies are required to determine the safety and efficacy of these drugs in renal patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"4078713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8632427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39688188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Factor H Antibodies in Egyptian Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.","authors":"Shereen Shawky,&nbsp;Hesham Safouh,&nbsp;Mona Gamal,&nbsp;Mohammed M Abbas,&nbsp;Azza Aboul-Enein,&nbsp;Toshihiro Sawai,&nbsp;Yosra Fahmy,&nbsp;Heba Selim","doi":"10.1155/2021/6904858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6904858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is an important cause of acute kidney injury in children. It is primarily caused by dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway due to genetic mutations, mainly in complement factor H genes, or due to anti-factor H autoantibodies (anti-FH), leading to uncontrolled overactivation of the complement system. Early diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune HUS (AI-HUS) is essential and leads to a favorable outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty pediatric HUS patients and 50 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory testing. All candidates were subjected to an assessment of anti-FH in serum by a homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high frequency of serum anti-FH was detected in our aHUS patients. The disease onset of AI-HUS was mainly observed in March and April, with significantly higher rates in school-aged males. All patients who started immunosuppressives early together with plasmapheresis upon detection of their anti-FH had complete renal function recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high frequency of AI-HUS revealed in Egyptian HUS children in our study highlights the importance of implementing anti-FH testing in Egypt to provide early recognition for immediate proper management, including early immunosuppressive therapy, and hence improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6904858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39786334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Implication of Dropping Race from the MDRD Equation to Estimate GFR in an African American-Only Cohort.","authors":"Ernie Yap,&nbsp;Yelyzaveta Prysyazhnyuk,&nbsp;Jie Ouyang,&nbsp;Isha Puri,&nbsp;Carla Boutin-Foster,&nbsp;Moro Salifu","doi":"10.1155/2021/1880499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1880499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widely used Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula adapts a 1.212 multiplier for individuals who are identified as African Americans (AAs) or Blacks, which leads to a higher GFR estimation. As it stands, AAs have a lower prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) but higher incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) compared with Whites. Many hypotheses have been postulated to explain this paradox, but the imprecision of the GFR estimation with race-adaptation could be contributory. We performed a single-center, longitudinal, retrospective study on a cohort of outpatient AA patients using the MDRD and MDRD_{race removed} and CKD-EPI and CKD-EPI_{race removed} and their progression to CKD G5 (eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m²). 327 patients were analyzed. Median follow-up was 88.1 months (interquartile range, 34.4-129.1). When race was removed from MDRD, 39.9% of patients in CKD G1/2 were reclassified to CKD G3a, 72.6% of patients in CKD G3a would be reclassified to CKD G3b, and 54.1% and 36.4% of patients would be reclassified from CKD 3b to CKD G4 and CKD G4 to CKD G5, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Comparing the CKD-EPI formula against the MDRD in our cohort, we found that 8.2%, 18.8%, and 11.4% of patients were reclassified from CKD G1/2 to CKD G3a, CKD G3a to G3b, and CKD G3b to CKD G4 respectively. Overall median time to progression to CKD G5 was 137.4 (131.9-142.8) months in patients who were not reclassified and 133.6 (127.6-139.6) months for patients who were reclassified by MDRD_{race removed}(<i>p</i> < 0.288). Concerns of inequitable access to healthcare have elicited calls to review race-corrected eGFR equations. A substantial number of individuals would have their CKD stage reclassified should have the MDRD_{race removed} equation be adopted <i>en masse</i> on an AA-only population. The discrepancy is highest at the 45-59 and >60 ml/min/1.72 min² ranges. This will have tremendous impact on our center's approach to pharmacological dosing, referral system, best practices, and outcome surveillance. Comprehensive review of the current \"race-corrected\" eGFR will require a multifaceted approach and adjunctive use of noncreatinine-based approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":14177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"1880499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8610663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39660473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Tract Infections in the First 6 Months after Renal Transplantation.","authors":"Ziad Arabi,&nbsp;Khalefa Al Thiab,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Altheaby,&nbsp;Ghaleb Aboalsamh,&nbsp;Samy Kashkoush,&nbsp;Mohamad Almarastani,&nbsp;Mohammed F Shaheen,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Altamimi,&nbsp;Wael O'hali,&nbsp;Khalid Bin Saad,&nbsp;Lina Alnajjar,&nbsp;Rawan Alhussein,&nbsp;Raghad Almuhiteb,&nbsp;Bashayr Alqahtani,&nbsp;Rayana Alotaibi,&nbsp;Marah Alqahtani,&nbsp;Mohammed Tawhari","doi":"10.1155/2021/3033276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3033276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in the first 6 months after renal transplantation, and there are only limited data about UTIs after transplantation in Saudi Arabia in general.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study from January 2017 to May 2020 with 6-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>279 renal transplant recipients were included. Mean age was 43.4 ± 16.0 years, and114 (40.9%) were women. Urinary stents were inserted routinely during transplantation and were removed 35.3 ± 28 days postoperatively. Ninety-seven patients (35%) developed urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the first six months after renal transplantation. Of those who developed the first episode of UTI, the recurrence rates were 57%, 27%, and 14% for having one, two, or three recurrences, respectively. Late urinary stent removals, defined as more than 21 days postoperatively, tended to have more UTIs (OR: 1.43, P: 0.259, CI: 0.76-2.66). Age >40, female gender, history of neurogenic bladder, and transplantation abroad were statistically significant factors associated with UTIs and recurrence. Diabetes, level of immunosuppression, deceased donor renal transplantation, pretransplant residual urine volume, or history of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was not associated with a higher incidence of UTIs. UTIs were asymptomatic in 60% but complicated with bacteremia in 6% of the cases. Multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) were the causative organisms in 42% of cases, and in-hospital treatment was required in about 50% of cases. Norfloxacin + Bactrim DD (160/800 mg) every other day was not associated with the lower risk of developing UTIs compared to the standard prophylaxis daily Bactrim SS (80/400 mg).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UTIs and recurrence are common in the first 6 months after renal transplantation. Age >40, female gender, neurogenic bladder, and transplantation abroad are associated with the increased risk of UTIs and recurrence. MDROs are common causative organisms, and hospitalization is frequently required. Dual prophylactic antibiotics did not seem to be advantageous over the standard daily Bactrim.</p>","PeriodicalId":14177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"3033276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8608522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39909447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Single-Centre Study in Somalia.","authors":"Mohamed Osman Omar Jeele,&nbsp;Rukia Omar Barei Addow,&nbsp;Faduma Nur Adan,&nbsp;Liban Hassan Jimale","doi":"10.1155/2021/1555775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1555775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hemodialysis patients have the highest risk for developing hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) than the general population. There is no study available for HBV and HCV in this population in Somalia. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HBV and HCV infections among hemodialysis patients in Somalia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional assessment of hemodialysis patients from January 2021 to June 2021 was used in this study. 220 patients were included in this study. Age, sex, duration of hemodialysis, number of hemodialysis sessions per week, history of blood transfusion, HbsAg, and anti-HCV antibodies were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 220 patients, males were predominant (113 (51.4%)). The mean age of the participants was 52.70. The prevalence of HBV was 7.3% (16 respondents), while the prevalence of HCV was 3.2% (7 respondents). 1 respondent (0.5%) had both HBV and HCV. There is a positive correlation between the duration of hemodialysis and the prevalence of HBV and HCV (<i>r</i>(218) = 0.298, <i>p</i> value <0.001), blood transfusion and prevalence of HBV and HCV (<i>r</i>(218) = 0.347, <i>p</i> value <0.001), and the number of hemodialysis sessions per week and prevalence of HBV and HCV (<i>r</i>(218) = 0.402, <i>p</i> value <0.001). The regression model of the combined predictors of history of blood transfusion, duration of hemodialysis, and number of dialysis sessions per week is <i>R</i> ² = 0.25, which indicates a 25% variance in the prevalence of HBV and HCV with a significance of <i>F</i> (3,216) = 23.67, <i>p</i> < 0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of HBV and HCV among hemodialysis patients in this study was 7.3% and 3.2%, respectively. 0.5% of the respondents had both HBV and HCV. History of blood transfusion, duration of hemodialysis, and number of hemodialysis sessions per week appear to have a strong correlation with the prevalence of HBV and HCV.</p>","PeriodicalId":14177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"1555775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8605903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39761885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Centre Study of 20 Cases from India.","authors":"Ravi Raju Tatapudi,&nbsp;Venkateswara Rao Kopparti,&nbsp;Anusha Poosapati,&nbsp;Srinivas Metta,&nbsp;Atchyutha Rao Gongada,&nbsp;Balakrishna Vedulla","doi":"10.1155/2021/2243095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2243095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The second wave of COVID-19 has spread across India causing unprecedented misery to people since March 2021. Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at an increased risk of severe infection. Their outcomes appear to be worse than those in the general population. There is no robust evidence or consensus to support any form of treatment protocol or modification of immunosuppression in KTRs with COVID-19. There is a need to develop effective and safe therapeutic protocols for this frail population. Remdesivir is the only approved antiviral drug in COVID-19 till now.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe clinical features, role of HRCT, therapeutic protocols, and mortality rate of 20 KTRs with SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Complete recovery was seen in 8 (40%) patients monitored at home. 12 (60%) patients with HRCT scores more than 8/25 were hospitalized. 11 (55%) had hypoxia, of these 8 (40%) had mild hypoxia, 1 (5%) required NIV, and 2 (10%) needed mechanical ventilation. Immunosuppression was modified in all the patients. Remdesivir and dexamethasone were administered to the hospitalized patients. 1 (5%) patient had AKI requiring RRT. 1 (5%) patient expired, and 1 still hospitalized. 10 of the hospitalized patients recovered. Out of the total 20 patients, 18 (90%) recovered completely within two weeks of infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical presentation of COVID-19 in KTRs was similar to nontransplant patients. Early hospitalisation and assessing the severity by HRCT were important. Continuing tacrolimus and administering remdesivir and dexamethasone reduced the incidence of renal failure and improved survival rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":14177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"2243095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8570907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39597981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Reprogramming in Kidney Diseases: Evidence and Therapeutic Opportunities.","authors":"Yin Li,&nbsp;Zixin Sha,&nbsp;Hui Peng","doi":"10.1155/2021/5497346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5497346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic reprogramming originally referred to the ability of cancer cells to metabolically adapt to changes in environmental conditions to meet both energy consumption and proliferation requirements. According to recent studies, renal cells are also capable of reprogramming their metabolism after kidney injury, and these cells undergo different kinds of metabolic reprogramming in different kidney diseases. Metabolic reprogramming also plays a role in the progression and prognosis of kidney diseases. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming is not only a prominent feature but also an important contributor to the pathophysiology of kidney diseases. Here, we briefly review kidney diseases and metabolic reprogramming and discuss new ways to treat kidney diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"5497346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8560294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39855412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Renoprotective Effects of Our Locally Grown Green Coffee Beans against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice.","authors":"Bati Leta,&nbsp;Chala Kenenisa,&nbsp;Tesaka Wondimnew,&nbsp;Tariku Sime","doi":"10.1155/2021/2805068","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/2805068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nephrotoxicity is the most common and severe side effect of cisplatin. Cisplatin causes nephrotoxicity through free radical production and debilitating cellular antioxidant capacity. Coffee is a commonly consumed drink and its ingredients have antioxidant roles that could bring benefits to patients affected by nephrotoxicity. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of our locally grown green coffee beans against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The posttest only control group design was employed on a total of thirty male Swiss albino mice. The mice were divided into five groups: group I (normal control group) received distilled water; group II (negative control group) received distilled water; and groups III-V (treatment groups) received 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW/day of green coffee bean extract for 14 days, respectively. Nephrotoxicity was induced in groups II-V by a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg). All mice were sacrificed after 14 days and blood was drawn to evaluate kidney function tests (serum creatinine and serum blood urea nitrogen). Besides, body weight, relative kidney weight, and kidney histopathology were investigated.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Our results showed that treatment of cisplatin alone (group II mice) significantly increased serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen, relative kidney weight, and pathological damage to the kidney with a decrease in final body weight. However, low-dose green coffee beans (group III), medium-dose green coffee beans (group IV), and high-dose green coffee beans (group V) mice showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen, and relative kidney weight. Furthermore, the dose-dependent treatment with green coffee bean extract prevented the decrease in body weight gain and pathological damage to the kidney in mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our locally grown green coffee beans brought a dose-dependent ameliorative effect and a promising preventive approach against cisplatin-induced kidney damage in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"2805068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8526242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I and Class II in End-Stage Renal Disease Occurrence in Indonesian Transplantation Patients.","authors":"Hani Susianti,&nbsp;Dwi Priyadi Djatmiko,&nbsp;I Komang Adi Widana,&nbsp;Deasy Ayuningtyas Tandio,&nbsp;Catur Suci Sutrisnani,&nbsp;Singgih Pudjo Wahono,&nbsp;Ira Puspitawati","doi":"10.1155/2021/4219822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4219822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genetic studies of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), including those of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, have been reported in several populations but have not yet been evaluated in Indonesia. Some studies have reported that these genes had a substantial role in ESRD. This study aims to analyze the association between HLA genes and ESRD within the Indonesian community.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective study to investigate HLA class I and II alleles to find out the distribution of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DPB1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 in renal transplant recipients and to ascertain their role in susceptibility to ESRD was performed on totally 149 subjects, consisting of 69 ESRD patients and 80 healthy controls. HLA typing was determined using Luminex techniques. The allele and haplotype frequencies were compared between ESRD patients and controls.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>High-frequency alleles were HLA-A<i>∗</i>24 (43.6%), B<i>∗</i>15 (38.2%), C<i>∗</i>08 (30.8%), DRB1<i>∗</i>12 (47.3%), DQB1<i>∗</i>03 (50.6%), and DPB1<i>∗</i>13 (22.5%). HLA-A<i>∗</i>24 (<i>p</i>=0.01) and HLA-B<i>∗</i>35 (<i>p</i>=0.02) were associated with a protective effect, with OR 0.537 (95%CI 0.34-0.86) and 0.316 (95%CI 0.11-0.88), respectively. There were some two-locus haplotypes associated with susceptibility to ESRD, such as B<i>∗</i>15-DRB1<i>∗</i>12, B<i>∗</i>13-DRB1<i>∗</i>15, A<i>∗</i>02-B<i>∗</i>15, A<i>∗</i>02-C<i>∗</i>08, and B<i>∗</i>13-DQB1<i>∗</i>05. HLA-A<i>∗</i>02-B<i>∗</i>15-DRB1<i>∗</i>12 and A<i>∗</i>24-B<i>∗</i>13-DRB1<i>∗</i>15 appear to be associated with susceptibility to ESRD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The allele groups of HLA-A<i>∗</i>24 and HLA-B<i>∗</i>35 are associated with protection from ESRD. Meanwhile, HLA-B<i>∗</i>13-DRB1<i>∗</i>15 and A<i>∗</i>24-B<i>∗</i>13-DRB1<i>∗</i>15 are the most frequent HLAs associated with ESRD in two-locus and three-locus haplotype, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":14177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"4219822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8523260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39538278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Infection Clinical Profile, Management, Outcome, and Antibody Response in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single Centre Experience.","authors":"Sanjiv Jasuja, Gaurav Sagar, Anupam Bahl, Shalini Verma","doi":"10.1155/2021/3129411","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/3129411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Experience of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with clinical presentation, management, factors influencing mortality, and antibody response is limited. <i>Material and Methods</i>. A retrospective data of COVID-19 in KTRs was collected and analyzed. The mortality rate, risk factors, and antibody response were primary objectives, while the clinical presentation, laboratory indicators, and pharmacological management were secondary objectives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 67 KTRs with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection reported between 1 May 2020 and 31 December 2020; 61.2% of patients were hospitalized; and 20.9% needed ventilation. The overall mortality was 26.9%, while blood group A had 50% mortality. The treatment options and used were steroids (100%), convalescent plasma (32.8%), ivermectin (58.2%), doxycycline (55.2%), remdesivir (34.3%), tocilizumab (10.4%), antibiotics (61.2%), anti-fungals (26.9%), low molecular weight heparin (45.3%), and oral anti-coagulants (26.9%). Anti-nucleosides (mycophenolate or azathioprine) were discontinued in 76.1% and calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) in 26.9%. Significant mortality (<i>p</i> < 0.001) was observed in patients presenting with SpO₂ <94 needing ICU care, ventilation, dialysis/acute kidney injury (AKI), and empirical therapies like convalescent plasma and remdesivir. The age of survivors versus nonsurvivors was not significantly different (<i>p</i>=0.02). The positive blood culture, low serum albumin, high TLC, high blood urea, interleukin-6, and CT severity score ≥15 were statistically significant in nonsurvivors. Overall mortality, mortality of hospitalized patients, and mortality of ventilated patients was 27%, 44%, and 100%, respectively. The median value of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) IgG antibody was 68.60 (IQR, 28.5-94.25) AU/ml in more than 90% of survivors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KTRs with COVID-19, needing ICU care, dialysis and ventilation support had poor outcomes. Recovered patients mounted adequate antibody response.</p>","PeriodicalId":14177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology","volume":"2021 ","pages":"3129411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8490065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39491945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}