International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Lactulose Crystals Beneficially Affect Community Composition Along Entire Human Colon in Vitro, Resulting in Donor-Dependent Prebiotic Effects at Metabolic Level","authors":"C. Duysburgh, P. Abbeele, M. Bothe, J. Stover, Angelika Kuchinka-Koch, Susann Schwejda-Guettes, M. Marzorati","doi":"10.11648/J.IJNFS.20190801.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJNFS.20190801.12","url":null,"abstract":"A validated in vitro gut model (i.e. SHIME®) was used to assess the effect of repeated daily administration of lactulose on microbial metabolic activity and community composition in different colonic areas, with the focus on inter-individual differences among three human subjects. An initial rise in acetate and lactate levels was observed in the proximal colon after lactulose administration, which could be linked to an overall strong bifidogenic effect as well as higher Lactobacilli levels in donors 2 and 3. Particularly two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum increased with lactulose addition. The enhanced acetate and lactate production subsequently stimulated microbial species involved in cross-feeding interactions, resulting in the donor-dependent production of propionate and/or butyrate. Additionally, a reduction in markers of proteolytic fermentation was detected upon lactulose supplementation. A wide spectrum of propionate- and especially butyrate-producing microbes, such as the next-generation probiotics Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila, were donor-dependently enhanced in the distal colon, which is of specific interest as many colonic diseases originate in the distal part of the colon. For the first time beneficial effects of lactulose on the microbiota as well as metabolic activity could be demonstrated over the entire colon in vitro.","PeriodicalId":14174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89222491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intake of a Japanese-Style Healthy Lunch Has Possibilities of Contributing to the Normalization of Serum Lipids and Adipokines: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot Study","authors":"H. Inoue, Ryosuke Sasaki, T. Kuwano","doi":"10.11648/J.IJNFS.20190801.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJNFS.20190801.11","url":null,"abstract":"To date, the incidence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing continuously worldwide; and recently, low vegetable consumption has become a major issue of concern in Japan. Furthermore, Japan is facing a shortfall in places offering food that can help prevent metabolic syndrome. Our study was designed to determine the influence of an on-going healthy lunch on metabolic syndrome outcomes (blood pressure, serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, serum lipids) in adult middle-aged office male workers, in Japan. We conducted a non-randomized controlled trial among 38 middle-aged office male workers (control group: 7 males, intervention group: 31 males) with mostly low levels of physical activity, by providing a Japanese-style healthy lunch for 3 months (intervention group) at a workplace cafeteria. The control group consumed their habitual lunches without restriction and only the nutrient contents were assessed. Furthermore, the intervention group was divided into two (non-metabolic [non-MS] and metabolic syndrome [MS] groups) for analysis. Overall 38 males with a mean age of 47.2 ± 7.9 years were included. Abdominal circumference level (p<0.05), systolic and diastolic (p<0.05) blood pressure (p<0.01), as well as serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL-Chol), serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (p<0.001) and interleukin (IL-6) (p<0.01) decreased significantly after intervention compared with the baseline in the intervention/non-MS group and intervention/MS groups. Furthermore, ghrelin (p<0.001) and desacyl ghrelin (p<0.05) increased significantly after intervention compared with the baseline in the intervention/non-MS group and intervention/MS groups. These showed an effective outcome, demonstrated by the ongoing intake of a Japanese-style healthy lunch, of decreased blood pressure, serum TNF-α, IL-6, serum LDL-Chol and total cholesterol. This study presents new empirical data based on an original intervention program showing that the consumption of a Japanese-style healthy lunch containing many vegetables can help prevent and/or improve metabolic syndrome. The findings of this study could also lead to the opportunity for participants to practice following healthy menus at home. We therefore consider that this is valuable in promoting improvement in diet in the food environment at the workplace.","PeriodicalId":14174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"22 14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80137128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and Bacteriological Control of Drinking Water from 15 Villages in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Christophe N’cho Amin, K. Dibi, Wolfgang Toussaint Yapo, Carine Nina Ablé, Philippe André Sawa Kpaibé, L. Kouadio, A. Malan","doi":"10.11648/J.IJNFS.20180706.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJNFS.20180706.11","url":null,"abstract":"The High percentage of diarrhea-related child deaths in Africa is related to water, sanitation and hygiene. In Cote d'Ivoire, 20% of the population feeds on water from unimproved water sources and surface water. These waters are not taken into account in the sanitary monitoring of drinking water in the country. Thus, this study aimed to control the quality of the main drinking water sources in several Ivorian localities without a drinking water supply system. The methodological approach was to carry out a campaign to collect water samples from the main sources of drinking water supply in fifteen villages in five regions of Cote d'Ivoire: Agnebi tiassa, Gontougo, Kabadougou, Sud-comoe and Nawa. On these samples, the classical physicochemical parameters were determined by electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Microbiological analysis was performed by membrane filtration technique and pesticides by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results showed that the waters are characterized by mineralization ranging from 23.80 to 650 μScm-1, an acidic pH in 63% of cases, an high turbidity values (37% of cases), a color (30% of cases), in iron (20% of cases) and nitrites (17% of cases). All waters are contaminated by indicator germs of faecal pollution. A carbamate pesticide, terbucarb, was identified in 67% of the samples. In conclusion, the waters of the fifteen localities are of unsatisfactory quality and unfit for human consumption. Authorities should take measures to ensure the treatment, protection and continuous improvement of water quality in these areas in order to preserve population's health.","PeriodicalId":14174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82198469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study the Relation Between Acetylcholinesterase and Obesity in University Students","authors":"Asmaa Fathi Hamouda, Ibrahim Abdu Khardali, Ibraheem Mohammed Attafi, Magbool Essa Oraiby, Mohammad Ahmad Attafi, Ali Mousa Sulaiman Muyidi, Hassan Abdu Ahmed Dohali","doi":"10.11648/j.ijnfs.20190803.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20190803.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77466403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Stunting Among Children Aged Six Month - Five Year in Ataye Town, Northeast Ethiopia","authors":"Hana Moges, Debora Alemayehu, Hasna Redi, Yemata Gebeyehu, Abebe Dires, Sisay Gedamu","doi":"10.11648/J.IJNFS.20190806.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJNFS.20190806.12","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate nutrition is vital to children’s growth and development. Globally, about 155 million children were stunted. In Ethiopia, about half of child’s mortality was related to malnutrition. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting among children aged six month- five year in Ataye town, Northeast Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 415 children from March to April, 2018. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire and measurement was used to collect the data. Multivariate logistic analysis was used and variables with a P-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Overall, nearly half of children (48.4%) were stunted. Children with age group of 25-59 months (AOR= 1.9, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.23), being male (AOR=1.7,95% CI: 1.03, 2.89), non-exclusive breast feeding (AOR= 1.9,95% CI: 1.03, 3.51), maternal illiteracy (AOR= 2.4, 95% CI: 1.005-6.08), and getting monthly income of less than 500 Ethiopian birr (AOR= 3.2, 95% CI: 1.76-6.01) had statistically significant association with stunting. In Ataye town, the burden of stunting was significantly higher than the overall prevalence of stunting in Ethiopia as well as in Amhara region and it is continued as a major public health problem in Amhara region. Children aged between 2-5 years old, being male, non-exclusive breast feeding practice, maternal illiteracy, and low monthly income were independent predictors of stunting. Thus, this study underlines the need for increasing the awareness of mothers/caregivers about child feeding and the necessity of exclusive breast feeding in the first six months of life. Moreover, it requires collaborative activity from national and regional health office to reduce the burden of stunting.","PeriodicalId":14174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72748846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-Laboratory Analysis of Steviol Glycosides by an External Standard Method","authors":"J. M. C. Geuns","doi":"10.11648/J.IJNFS.20180705.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJNFS.20180705.13","url":null,"abstract":"To optimise steviol glycoside analysis, several round-robin tests were organised by the European Stevia Association (EUSTAS). Seventeen laboratories participated in the testing. Only 8 laboratories have sent their results. In the first round-robin testing, 2 samples were analysed. The first sample had a purity of 96.2%. The second sample was a 4/5 dilution with NaHCO 3 of sample 1. This way, the drying process itself could be checked. The purity of sample 2 was 82.35%. The reported purities of sample 1 varied between 79.8 and 96.2%, those of sample 2 varied between 58.1 and 81.8%. The drying of sample 2 showed that weight loss was between 4.9 and 12.7%, demonstrating that not all laboratories dried the sample to a constant weight. In a second round-robin testing, the purity of the sample was 91.1%. The reported purities of the sample varied between 82.74 and 95.86%. About 3% purified RebB was added to the sample to check the quality of the analysis of this compound possessing a carboxylic group. The samples contained the following steviol glycosides: Reb D, Reb E, Reb A, ST, Reb F, Reb C, Dul A, Reb G, Rub, Reb B, SB and SM (1 lab). No SV was detected. The number of SVgly analysed in the different laboratories varied between 4 and 11. One lab only analysed ST and Reb A and gave a percentage composition of these compounds. To improve the accuracy of analysis, different suggestions are made, such as controlling the drying process of samples and standards, purity of standards, injection of sufficient material and use of solvent gradients to shorten the run time and to reduce integration errors. The results of this second round-robin tests are better than those of the first one.","PeriodicalId":14174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87533747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Volatile Components of Eight FengHuang Dancong Manufactured Teas and Fresh Leaves by HS-SPME Coupled with GC-MS","authors":"Jingfang Shi, Wenjie Huang, Zhuang Chen, Shili Sun, Limin Xiang, Q. Kong, Xiaohui Jiang, Dong Chen, Shijuan Yan","doi":"10.11648/J.IJNFS.20180705.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJNFS.20180705.12","url":null,"abstract":"FengHuang Dancong tea is famous for its excellent aroma quality. In order to characterize the volatile components in different aroma types of FengHuang Dancong tea, both fresh leaves and manufactured teas of seven well-known aroma types and their ancestor variety, which were harvested from the same places and manufactured using the same procedure, were investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that the volatile composition and contents of manufactured teas and fresh leaves, including HuangZhi, XingRen, GuiHua, MiLan, JiangHua, YuLan YeLai and Fenghuang Shuixian, were obviously different. Linalool, (E)-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool oxide, methyl salicylate, geraniol, and nerolidol were the major volatile components in fresh leaves, and their total relative contents ranged from 78.44-90.07%. But in manufactured teas, hotrienol, linalool, β-myrcene, D-limonene, 1-ethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, β-ocimene, linalool oxide, benzyl nitrile, indole, jasmone, and nerolidol were the major volatile components, ranged from 60.12-93.97%. Although there were some similarities in the aroma composition and content among the manufactured teas of different aroma types, each type had unique aroma characteristics. The obvious difference between FengHuang Shuixian and other aroma types of manufactured teas may be due to the higher content of alkene and pyrrole derivatives and lower content of alcohols, especial terpene alcohols. Furthermore, the correlations between manufactured teas and the fresh leaves indicated that the volatile compounds profile of fresh leaves may affect the aroma quality of the manufactured tea. This study provided a comprehensive comparison of the volatile profile in different aroma types of Fenghuang Dancong tea, which is a scientific foundation for further quality assessment of Fenghuang Dancong variety in the future.","PeriodicalId":14174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91035206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia","authors":"Yoko Horiuchi, K. Kusama, Hiroko Oji, Sar Kanha, N. Yoshiike","doi":"10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient standards have not been developed for school-aged children in Cambodia, which has led to a lack of basic nutritional education and feeding programs in schools. This article highlights the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for school-aged children in Cambodia, which was developed by the Ministry of Health in 2016 with the participation of representatives from relevant government agencies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Because of the limited amount of data and scientific knowledge specified for Cambodia, this new RDA (CAM-RDA) was based on Southeast Asian RDAs (SEA-RDA) and used extrapolation methods shown in various guidelines such as those of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations, Japan, or the USA/Canada. First, the Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR) conducted a nutritional survey using a 24-h dietary method combined with anthropometric measurements among 2,020 children aged 6–17 years throughout Cambodia between November 2014 and July 2015 (CAM-data). The body weight and height values recorded were much lower than the reference values used in SEA-RDA. Therefore, an estimated ideal weight was determined as the reference value for CAM-RDA; that is, the intermediate value between of the reference value from SEA-RDA and the median value from the CAM-data was set to the reference weight values to calculate the requirements for energy and 19 nutrients in the CAM-RDA. Because an increase in body weight of Cambodian children is expected in the future due to nutrition transition, the reference values should be reviewed. We hope that the CAM-RDA will help in guiding the national nutritional policies in Cambodia.","PeriodicalId":14174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"405 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78849027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Moringa Leaves Powder Consumption on Young Children Nutritional and Serum Retinol Status in Burkina Faso Rural Area","authors":"U. Zongo, B. Savadogo, S. L. Zoungrana, Dia Sanou, A. Savadogo, M. Dicko, Alfred SababenedyoTraore","doi":"10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180704.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180704.16","url":null,"abstract":"The promotion of the consumption of indigenous plant species with high nutritional value is an important nutrition intervention in Africa rural areas. The current student was a randomized control trial of two groups (ᶲG₥ and ᶲGm) with a baseline and an endline evaluation after 12 weeks. A total of 119 pre-school children received Moringa leaf powder and changes in vitamin A and anthropometric indicators of children were assessed against changes for control group children. After 12 weeks, the mean WHZ reflecting acute malnutrition declined in both groups. The mean WHZ decreased from -2.31 z-score to -1.86 z-score in group 1 (ᶲG₥) and -2.20 z-score to -1.88 z-score in group 2 (ᶲGm) receiving Moringa as a dietary supplement with a statistically significant decrease in groups (p <0.001). The mean serum retinol concentration in children was below the cut-off defining VA deficiency (<0.7 μmol.L-1). The baseline prevalence of VA deficiency was 56.8% in group 1 and 53.8% in group 2. Mean retinol concentrations increased significantly from 0.64 μmol.L-1 to 0.73 μmol.L-1 (p <0.001) in Group 1 (ᶲG₥ (Control) and from 0.64 μmol.L-1 to 0.74 ± 0.05 μmol.L-1 (p <0.001) in group 2 (ᶲGm). Significant increase was observed regardless of gender in both groups. The change between groups was not statistically significant (p=0.838). Our findings showed that the intervention was not effective enough in the change in serum retinol status in children (p = 0.379). The change in serum retinol was significantly influenced by serum retinol concentration at baseline. Therefore, the promotion of Moringa leaf consumption should be complemented by additional approaches to increase VA intake, as well as through public health measures such as deworming programs, to enhance its effectiveness in the fight against VA deficiencies and many other micronutrients.","PeriodicalId":14174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"148-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78093775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Drying Methods on Flour Quality and Cyanide Content of Cassava Root Tuber","authors":"Tamiru Kasaye Atlaw","doi":"10.11648/J.IJNFS.20180704.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJNFS.20180704.15","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this particular work was to study effect of different drying methods on the quality attributes of cassava flour focusing on physico-chemical properties (moisture, water activity, pH and titratable acidity), functional properties (water and oil absorption capacity, bulk density, foaming capacity and stability) and also antinutritional factor specially cyanide content in dried cassava tuber. Losses were determined in flours after drying of slices. Prior to drying, samples were washed with clean water to remove adhering soil and other undesirable materials. The samples were sorted and hand-peeled using clean, sharp knives and then sliced into sizes of 2 to 2.5cm in thickness. Drying methods like tray drying, oven drying and sun drying were investigated. The physico-chemical properties were 11.45, 9.67, 9.23 of moisture content, 0.59, 0.54, 0.48 of water activity, 6.55, 6.74, 6.92 of pH, 2.35, 2.36, 2.33 of titratable acidity for tray dried, oven dried and sun dried cassava flours respectively using different drying time. The low moisture observed for all prepared cassava flours is a good indicator of their potential to have longer shelf life. All prepared flours predict lower water activity (< 0.5). These shows using these drying methodologies and the respective drying time of the prepared flours were safe from microbial growth during storage time. The functional properties were 0.58, 0.55, 0.49g/ml, 0.64, 0.78, 0.65ml/g, 2.11, 2.03, 1.85ml/g, 2.45, 2.73, 2.55%, and 2.34, 2.13, 1.97% of bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foam capacity and foam stability for tray dried, oven dried and sun dried cassava flours respectively. Sun dried cassava flour samples shows a lower cyanide content whereas tray dried cassava flour samples had a good functional property.","PeriodicalId":14174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84975869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}