International journal of exercise science最新文献

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.70252/OYSB9692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.70252/OYSB9692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.70252/EJIJ5619.].</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"18 5","pages":"427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age of Anaerobic, Aerobic, and Skill-Based Olympic Athletes 1988 - 2024.","authors":"Corban J Ruiz, Iliana G Hernandez, Edward K Merritt","doi":"10.70252/LZCH1307","DOIUrl":"10.70252/LZCH1307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The age at which athletes compete at a high-level provides understanding of human physiology, development, aging and skill refinement. The Olympics, with high-level performances across events with differing metabolic demands, provide unique data for analysis of optimal performance age given the type of performance required. The aim of this study was to classify Olympic events from 1988-2024 into aerobic, anaerobic, mixed, or skill, and compare male and female athlete ages in each classification. Events of maximal effort under 2-minutes duration were classified as anaerobic. Events longer than 5 minutes were classified as aerobic with those 2-5 minutes duration classified as mixed. Other events that are unlikely to stress aerobic or anaerobic metabolic systems were classified as skill. Athlete age was 24.1 ± 4.6 years for anaerobic, 26.8 ± 4.7 years for aerobic, 24.8 ± 4.6 years for mixed, and 27.8 ± 6.9 years for skill. When separated by sex, female athletes were younger in each classification. Male anaerobic athletes (24.7 ± 4.2) were younger than aerobic (26.9 ± 4.6) and skill (28.9 ± 6.9), but similar in age to mixed athletes (25.0 ± 4.4). Female anaerobic athletes (23.2 ± 5.0) were younger than aerobic (26.7 ± 4.8), skill (26.4 ± 6.5), and mixed (24.4 ± 4.8). Male Olympic athletes in skill-based events that do not stress energy systems compete at older ages than those in events that tax physiologic systems. Female Olympic aerobic and skill athletes, compete at older ages than those in events requiring a significant anaerobic contribution. This analysis provides evidence that event demands likely differ by classification and sex and therefore influence performance age.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"18 3","pages":"404-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Exercise-Based Rehabilitation in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Antonio De Vera Martín, Alberto Díaz Salazar, Isidro Miguel Martín Pérez, Sebastián Eustaquio Martín Pérez","doi":"10.70252/DAYA4589","DOIUrl":"10.70252/DAYA4589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a complex and debilitating disorder characterized by persistent fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairments. The global prevalence is estimated between 0.2% and 0.4%, affecting over 17 million individuals worldwide, with an estimated burden exceeding 40,000 cases in Spain. Despite the exploration of exercise-based rehabilitation as a therapeutic strategy, its clinical efficacy remains a subject of ongoing debate. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise-based rehabilitation relative to conventional treatments in improving functional capacity and alleviating fatigue among adults with CFS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024573955). Searches were systematically performed across MEDLINE, PEDro, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SportDiscus, covering studies published between January 2010 and January 2024. Methodological quality and risk of bias, assessed using the validated PEDro Scale and Cochrane tool, ranged from moderate to good, with bias levels varying from low to high. Inclusion criteria targeted studies investigating structured therapeutic exercise interventions, including aerobic training, resistance exercises, and mind-body therapies. A total of 11 studies were included in the qualitative review, and with 7 randomized controlled trials (n = 2,276 participants) were finally incorporated in the meta-analysis. Exercise-based interventions, including aerobic training, resistance exercises, graded exercise therapy (GET), mind-body therapies and multimodal programs, showed significantly significant reductions in fatigue in both the short term (n = 720) SMD = -0.50; 95% CI: [-0.75, -0.24]; Z = 3.81; p < 0.001) and medium term (n = 501; SMD = -0.53; 95% CI: [-0.95, -0.12]; Z = 2.52; p = 0.01). Medium-term improvements in functionality were also significant (n = 685; SMD = 0.31; 95% CI: [0.11, 0.52]; Z = 2.96; p = 0.003), whereas short-term functionality outcomes were lesser compared to controls (n = 366; SMD = 0.10; 95% CI: [-0.05, 0.25]; Z = 1.29; p = 0.20). Notably, the meta-analytic findings indicated that medium-term functional outcomes slightly favored control groups over exercise interventions, and no significant long-term benefits were observed in either fatigue reduction or functional capacity enhancement. These findings underscore the selective efficacy of exercise-based rehabilitation for CFS, particularly in mitigating fatigue over the short to medium term. However, the transient nature of functional improvements highlights the need for further research to optimize exercise protocols, determine the most effective modalities, and develop strategies to sustain long-term therapeutic outcomes. While the results support exercise as a potential adjunctive therapy for CFS, they also emphasize the necessity of rigorous, longitudinal investigations to establish its cli","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"18 5","pages":"495-530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Changes in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Stress During the Pandemic Predict Current Levels of These Same Variables.","authors":"Gretchen E Elsey, Jessica Smith-Ricketts, David Kohan, Andrew Lepp, Jacob E Barkley","doi":"10.70252/DNVJ9996","DOIUrl":"10.70252/DNVJ9996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions placed on daily life may have negatively impacted overall physical and psychological health as well as health behaviors such as decreased physical activity and increased sedentary behavior. It is important to understand if these potential changes during the pandemic may be predictive of current health behaviors where pandemic-related restrictions are no longer being implemented. This study aimed to assess the relationships between perceived changes in physical activity, sitting, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic to current measures of these same variables. In April 2022, participants (<i>N</i> = 208) completed a survey in which they indicated perceived changes in physical activity, sitting, and stress during the pandemic. Participants then self-reported their current total physical activity, daily sitting, and anxiety. Multiple Pearson correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationships between perceived measures of physical activity, sitting, and stress during the pandemic to current measures of these same variables. Greater perceived inactivity (i.e., reduced physical activity) during the pandemic was associated with lower current total physical activity (<i>r</i> = -0.28, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and greater daily sitting (<i>r</i> = 0.19, <i>p</i> = 0.007). Greater perceived sitting during the pandemic was associated with lower current total physical activity (<i>r</i> = -0.26, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Lastly, greater perceived stress during the pandemic was associated with greater current anxiety (<i>r</i> = 0.35, <i>p</i> < 0.001). This suggests that individuals who perceived negative health-related changes during the pandemic may still be impacted by persisting effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"18 4","pages":"306-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated with Physical Fitness and Activity Levels: An Exploratory Study of US College Students.","authors":"Keegan T Peterson, Gabrielle Barraco, Melissa Rodgers, Jennifer Niessner, Melissa Bopp","doi":"10.70252/TWIX6855","DOIUrl":"10.70252/TWIX6855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>College students are a vulnerable population at risk of developing and/or experiencing poor physical fitness and insufficient physical activity (PA) levels, both associated with poor cardiometabolic health. Thus, this study assessed the association of physical fitness and domain-specific PA levels on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) among college students. A volunteer sample of students enrolled in general health and wellness courses at a large, Northeastern U.S. institution from Spring 2023 - Spring 2024 (n=1418, 69.0% male, 89.9% non-Hispanic White) completed an objective health assessment as part of a required course assignment. CMRFs (e.g., cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, waist circumference), cardiorespiratory fitness (e.g., VO₂ max), and markers of muscular strength and endurance (e.g., pushups, curl ups, hand grip, sit and reach) were assessed. Participants were then invited to complete a subjective health assessment (e.g., demographics, PA). Separate, unadjusted linear regressions examined the association of physical fitness and domain-specific PA levels (e.g., moderate and vigorous PA, active transportation PA, muscle-strengthening, meeting PA guidelines) on CMRFs, by biological sex. Socio-demographics of race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, semester standing, and grade point average served as covariates in separate, adjusted models to assess potential associations. Among males and females, cardiorespiratory fitness and markers of muscular strength and endurance were significantly associated with CMRFs, while PA levels and socio-demographics were not. Tailored screening approaches may provide students with the required support to reduce later-life adverse coronary events. Future work is required to improve our understanding of the potential role socio-demographics play in CMRFs among young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"18 8","pages":"379-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Cheaters Prosper? Effect of Externally Supplied Momentum During Resistance Training on Measures of Upper Body Muscle Hypertrophy.","authors":"Francesca Augustin, Alec Piñero, Alysson Enes, Adam E Mohan, Max Sapuppo, Max Coleman, Milo Wolf, Patroklos Androulakis Korakakis, Paul A Swinton, Jeff Nippard, Brad J Schoenfeld","doi":"10.70252/GDBL2230","DOIUrl":"10.70252/GDBL2230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise technique, defined as the controlled execution of bodily movements to ensure an exercise effectively targets specific muscle groups while minimizing the risk of injury, is a resistance training (RT) variable frequently highlighted as critical to successful RT program outcomes, with proper technique suggested to play a role in maximizing muscle development. This study examined the effects of externally applied momentum on RT-induced muscular adaptations in the upper extremities. Thirty young adults were recruited to participate in a within-participant design, with one limb randomly allocated to perform biceps curls and triceps pushdowns using strict form (STRICT) and the other using external momentum (CHEAT). Participants completed four sets of each exercise with 8-12 repetitions until momentary muscular failure, twice a week for eight weeks. We obtained pre-post proximal and distal measures of muscle thickness for the elbow flexors and extensors, and assessed circumference changes in the upper arms. Data were analyzed in a Bayesian framework including both univariate and multivariate mixed effect models with random effects. Differences between conditions were estimated as average treatment effects, with inferences based on posterior distributions and Bayes Factors (BFs). Results showed similar between-conditions increases for all muscle thickness sites as well as circumference measures, generating consistent support for the null hypothesis (BF = 0.06 to 0.61). Volume load was markedly greater for CHEAT compared to STRICT across each week of the intervention. In conclusion, the use of external momentum during single-joint RT of the upper extremities neither helped nor hindered hypertrophy of the target muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"18 3","pages":"329-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shielding the Skull: Exploring the Influence of Facial Protection, Impact Location and Neck Stiffness on Hockey Helmet Safety During a Linear Impact.","authors":"Leigh Jeffries, Meilan Liu, Paolo Sanzo, Eryk Przysucha, Carlos Zerpa","doi":"10.70252/REVL1750","DOIUrl":"10.70252/REVL1750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Originally designed to mitigate skull fractures and traumatic brain injuries in hockey players, hockey helmets have now become a critical focus for further research due to the rise in mild traumatic brain injuries. With the sport's evolution introducing stronger and faster players, new approaches that incorporate facial shielding in helmet technology and enhance athletes' neck strength are needed to reduce concussion risks. This study pursued two primary objectives. Firstly, it sought to determine if a hockey helmet's stiffness fluctuated at different contact locations during static compression with the inclusion of facial shielding. Secondly, it examined the influence of impact location, facial protection type, and neck stiffness on head injury risk during simulated dynamic impacts, gauged by the Gadd Severity Index (GSI). The findings revealed that helmet stiffness varied across locations, and a significant three-way interaction was observed between facial shielding, impact location, and neckform stiffness level concerning GSI measures at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Further analysis unveiled significant two-way interactions between impact location and facial shielding across neck strength levels at <i>p</i> < 0.05. These outcomes underscore the critical role of facial shielding, neck strength and impact location, in averting brain injuries in hockey. The results carry practical implications for helmet manufacturers, standards bodies, coaches, and players, urging a comprehensive approach to helmet design and player safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"18 7","pages":"343-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Exercise and GLP-1 RAs on Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Sumera Afzal, Hira Attique, Abdul Hameed, Sumaira Imran Farooqui, Sofia Amjad","doi":"10.70252/FHZH8622","DOIUrl":"10.70252/FHZH8622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a major health problem worldwide having life-threatening complications causing mortality and a rise in prevalence. Effective treatment strategies are vital for managing diabetes and its associated complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD), nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. This systematic review aims to evaluate effective treatment approaches, focusing on the comparative effects of exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in T2D rat models. Current pharmacological therapies primarily target glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. However, there is a growing concern in non-traditional approaches that involve exercise and GLP-1 RAs for managing T2D. These therapies are crucial as they have the potential to improve pancreatic β-cell efficiency to secrete insulin, control blood glucose levels, decrease insulin resistance, and manage diabetes-related issues. Studies were searched in seven electronic databases including Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PEDro, and Web of Science from inception till 2024. Out of 16,500 documents retrieved between 2020 and 2024, 58 full-text articles were assessed in detail, and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria that include Male Wistar, Male Sprague Dawley and Adult female Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 grams. These experimental studies examined the effects of exercise and different GLP-1 RAs on 103 diabetics and 103 non-diabetic rats. Overall, synthesized findings revealed a promising effect on glucose control, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic health in diabetic rats. Further research is needed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) through which exercise and GLP-1 RAs manage T2D and its associated complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD), nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"18 6","pages":"363-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Intermittent Sprint Training on Running Economy and Leg Stiffness in Highly Trained Runners.","authors":"Drew Thibault, Connor Ellis, Garrett Toms, Allison Schaefer, David A Titcomb","doi":"10.70252/SKPQ5840","DOIUrl":"10.70252/SKPQ5840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of once-weekly sprint training on running economy (RE) and leg stiffness (LS) in highly trained athletes (12 M, 13 F, mean age 24.8 ± 7.1). Participants were recruited based on weekly exercise volume (minimum 4 hours) and athletic ability calculated by World Athletics score (minimum 500). RE and LS were evaluated at three velocities before and after 12 weeks of once-weekly sprint training. On average, participants experienced a non-statistically significant improvement in RE (average percent change -2.0 ± 5.6%, -1.2 ± 5.2%, -1.0 ± 4.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.389, 0.269, 0.272, Cohen's d = 0.21, 0.18, 0.17), and a statistically significant improvement in LS (12.59 ± 9.2%, 11.49 ± 10.9%, 15.67 ± 11.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.019, 0.027, 0.011, Cohen's d = 0.61, 0.56, 0.68) at the three running velocities. Interestingly, the improvement in LS was significantly influenced by a reduction in vertical displacement during the gait cycle (-17.7 ± 11.7%, -15.7 ± 12.2, -17.3 ± 13.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, = 0.001, = 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.10, 0.93, 0.91). Changes in RE and LS were significantly different when data were analyzed by exercise volume during the intervention period (p < 0.05). The present study demonstrates that LS, independently shown to improve performance and RE, can be improved by sprint training in highly trained athletes. Additionally, the average participant improvement in RE suggests that sprint training may lead to statistically significant improvement with an increase in participants and tighter participant training control.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"18 5","pages":"290-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark Chocolate Elevates Resting Energy Expenditure in Postmenopausal Women.","authors":"Aubrey L Johnson, Michael Webster","doi":"10.70252/QRGN7992","DOIUrl":"10.70252/QRGN7992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several recent reports have indicated positive health benefits of consuming (-)-epicatechin-rich cocoa products. Postmenopausal women are predisposed to reduced metabolism due to decreased levels and activity of the sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and estradiol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dark chocolate consumption on resting and exercise metabolism in postmenopausal women. Using a randomized, double-blind design, 26 postmenopausal participants were assigned to a 30-day supplementation with 20-g per day of 72% dark chocolate (DC) or calorically matched white chocolate (WC). Before supplementation, participants underwent two control trials for assessments (PRE1, PRE2) of resting energy expenditure (REE) and exercise energy expenditure (EEE). Following the PRE2 assessment, participants were randomized and supplemented for 30 days, after which they repeated the assessments for REE and EEE. PRE1 and PRE2 REE and EEE were not significantly different within or between groups (REE: PRE1 DC 1215± 170, WC 1127 ± 174, p=0.662; PRE2 DC 1211 ± 174, WC 1145 ± 165 kcal/d, p=0.720; EEE: PRE1 DC 3.67 ± 0.72, WC 3.40 ± 0.81, p=0.665; PRE2 DC 3.41 ± 0.88, WC 3.39 ± 0.73kcal/min, p=0.373). Post-supplementation REE was significantly increased by 3.2% in the DC group (Pre-Post change: DC 38.6 ± 49, WC -15 ± 31.2 kcal per day, p =0.039, Cohen's d= 0.724 [95% CI: 0.078, 1.513]). These results indicate that DC supplementation in postmenopausal women was associated with a significant 3.2% increase in REE with no significant influence on EEE.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"18 6","pages":"316-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}