International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics最新文献

{"title":"Hysterectomy without oophorectomy as a risk factor for genitourinary syndrome of menopause.","authors":"Carlos Agustín Zapata-Caballero, Claudia Melina Robellada-Zárate, Ana Jimena López-Díaz, Arturo Arellano-Eguiluz, Laura Guadalupe Escobar Del Barco","doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14164,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive outcomes after surgical resection of isthmocele in secondary infertility.","authors":"Magdalena Piróg, Anna Pulka, Olga Kacalska-Janssen, Andrzej Zmaczyński, Robert Jach","doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the reproductive outcomes after different approaches of surgical isthmocele excision in women with secondary infertility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was conducted between November 2017 and February 2023 in the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Gynecology at Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. Women with large isthmocele with residual myometrial thickness (RMT) <3 mm and secondary infertility were included in this retrospective study. Surgical removal of the uterine defect was performed either by the laparoscopic or laparotomic approach. Pregnancy outcomes were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-eight women aged 32.3 ± 3.5 years with a body mass index 22.9 ± 3.4 kg/m² were included. Pregnancy was confirmed in 62.1% of women after surgical repair of isthmocele either via laparoscopy (n = 19) or laparotomy (n = 17) and 36 women (44.8%) women delivered healthy babies. There were no differences in the type of surgical approach used for isthmocele removal regarding pregnancy outcomes. Women in the laparotomic group had a higher number of abdominal surgeries (2.8 times) and longer postsurgical hospitalization (+85.7%). There were no differences between the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups regarding the duration of infertility, number of pregnancies, performed cesarean sections, and the type of cesarean sections (urgent vs planned).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surgical treatment should be offered to symptomatic women with isthmocele and secondary infertility. Given the absence of comparative studies, laparoscopic niche resection is the method of choice for a large uterine niche with an RMT <3 mm. Nonetheless, it offers comparable pregnancy outcomes to the laparotomic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":14164,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of inflammatory markers and βhCG levels in predicting the success of single-dose methotrexate treatment in tubal ectopic pregnancy.","authors":"Zekiye Soykan Sert, Mete Bertizlioğlu","doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the predictive ability of serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) levels and inflammatory markers derived from hemogram parameters in the success of methotrexate (MTX) treatment for tubal ectopic pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study involved the examination of patients diagnosed with tubal ectopic pregnancy and treated with a single dose of MTX at our clinic between 2018 and 2023. The monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were calculated from blood samples taken at the time of presentation. βhCG levels were recorded on days 1, 4, and 7 of treatment. The patients were categorized into successful and unsuccessful treatment groups based on their response to MTX.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding MLR, NLR, PLR, or SII values (P = 0.284, P = 0.097, P = 0.455, and P = 0.061, respectively). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis of serum βhCG from day 1 to day 4, the area under the curve value was calculated as 0.832. The cutoff value for the serum βhCG change from days 1 to 4 was -0.093 (-9.3%), with a sensitivity of 85.53% and specificity of 74.14%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 87.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were no significant differences in inflammatory markers (MLR, NLR, PLR, and SII) between the successful and unsuccessful MTX treatment groups. The change in serum βhCG levels between days 1 and 4 can be used as an early predictor of MTX treatment success in tubal ectopic pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14164,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal multidisciplinary counseling for fetal congenital anomalies: A narrative review.","authors":"Licia Lugli, Cecilia Rossi, Alberto Berardi, Marisa Pugliese, Pier Luca Ceccarelli, Filomena Giulia Sileo, Giuseppe Chiossi, Giannina Contu, Olga Calabrese, Antonio La Marca, Emma Bertucci","doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prenatal multidisciplinary counseling for fetuses with congenital anomalies involves a collaborative approach, integrating expertise from various medical fields.</p><p><strong>Aims and approach: </strong>This comprehensive strategy aims to provide expectant parents with accurate information about the diagnosis, potential outcomes, and available interventions. Genetic counselors, obstetricians, neonatologists, and other specialists work together to address medical, psychological, and ethical aspects. The prenatal multidisciplinary counseling approach emphasizes open communication, fostering a supportive environment for the couple to express their concerns and ask questions. In the case of prenatally detected fetal congenital anomalies, several different scenarios can be delineated: (1) detection of surgically correctable congenital anomalies, (2) identification of genetic disease or fetal anomalies likely to result in disabilities, (3) discovery of severe and lethal congenital anomalies, and (4) encountering fetal anomalies that are not well-defined, leading to an unclear scenario. The process of counseling includes discussing the possibility of pregnancy termination, treatment options, potential challenges, and emotional support, enabling expectant parents to make informed decisions aligned with their values and preferences. Additionally, the counseling process extends beyond the initial diagnosis, providing ongoing support as the pregnancy progresses and helping families to prepare for the difficulties they may face after the birth of the child with congenital anomalies. This collaborative effort not only focuses on the medical aspects but also considers the emotional and ethical dimensions of decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The multidisciplinary approach enhances the quality of care and empower parents, facilitating a more informed and compassionate journey throughout the prenatal period.</p>","PeriodicalId":14164,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal death: Expert consensus of the French College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.","authors":"Charles Garabedian, Jeanne Sibiude, Olivia Anselem, Tania Attie-Bittach, Charline Bertholdt, Julie Blanc, Matthieu Dap, Isabelle de Mézerac, Catherine Fischer, Aude Girault, Paul Guerby, Agnès Le Gouez, Hugo Madar, Thibaud Quibel, Véronique Tardy, Julien Stirnemann, François Vialard, Alexandre Vivanti, Nicolas Sananès, Eric Verspyck","doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16079","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fetal death is defined as the spontaneous cessation of cardiac activity after 14 weeks gestational age (GA). Regarding prevention of fetal death in the general population, it is not recommended to counsel or prescribe rest, aspirin, vitamin A, vitamin D, or micronutrient supplementation; systematically look for nuchal cord during prenatal screening ultrasound; or perform systematic antepartum monitoring by cardiotocography for the sole purpose of reducing the risk of fetal death. It is recommended to offer vaccination against influenza in epidemic periods and against SARS-CoV-2. Regarding evaluation in the event of fetal death, it is recommended that a fetal autopsy and anatomopathologic examination of the placenta be performed; chromosomal analysis be performed by microarray testing, rather than by conventional karyotype (with postnatal sampling of the fetal placental surface preferred for genetic purposes); testing for antiphospholipid antibodies be performed, with systematic Kleihauer-Betke testing and for irregular agglutinins; and summary consultation to discuss these examination results be offered. Regarding announcement and support, it is recommended that fetal death be announced without ambiguity, using simple words adapted to each situation, after which the couple should be supported with empathy across the different stages of their care. Regarding patient management in cases of fetal death, it is recommended that: in the absence of risks for disseminated intravascular coagulation or maternal demise, the patient's wishes regarding the timing between the fetal death diagnosis and labor induction should be considered; return home is possible, according to the patient's wishes; in all situations except maternal life-threatening emergencies, the preferred mode of delivery is vaginal, regardless of previous cesarean section(s); mifepristone 200 mg be prescribed at least 24 h before induction; and perimedullary analgesia be initiated at the start of induction if requested by the patient, regardless of GA. Of note, there is insufficient evidence to recommend either the administration route (i.e., vaginal or oral) of misoprostol or prostaglandin type. Regarding the risk of recurrence after unexplained fetal death: the incidence does not appear to be increased in subsequent pregnancies; in cases with a history of fetal death due to vascular problems, low-dose aspirin is recommended to reduce perinatal morbidity (otherwise, evidence is insufficient to recommend the prescription of aspirin); no optimal delay in initiating another pregnancy should be recommended based solely on a history of fetal death; fetal heart rate monitoring is not indicated based solely on a history of fetal death; although systematic labor induction is not recommended, induction may be considered depending on the context and parental request, and considering fetal age, benefits, and risks, especially before 39 weeks GA. Note that if the cause of fetal death is identifi","PeriodicalId":14164,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic ventral mesh uterorectopexy (VMUR) for simultaneously treating rectal prolapse and uterine prolapse: A minimally invasive approach with a single mesh.","authors":"Yiran Liu, Pan Hu, Lubin Liu","doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14164,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of expressive writing therapy for postpartum women with psychological distress: Meta-analysis and narrative review.","authors":"Xueying Lim, Mei Qi Ang, Audrey Foo, Kimberly Kai Yi Chng, Serena Siew Lin Koh","doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing prevalence of psychological distress among mothers is outpacing the effectiveness of conventional coping methods like cognitive behavioral therapy. The efficacy of alternatives such as writing therapy for maternal psychological well-being remains uncertain due to a lack of extensive research and inconsistent findings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of expressive writing therapy in comparison to standard postpartum care for alleviating psychological distress, encompassing symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress, in postpartum women.</p><p><strong>Search strategy: </strong>For this purpose, seven bibliographic databases, including CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and gray literature were examined up to December 27, 2022 for randomized controlled trials, comparing expressive writing against standard care or controlled writing among postpartum women with psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Data collection and analysis: </strong>Data was collected using a random effect model for meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A meta-analysis of five studies with 483 participants found that expressive writing therapy was more effective than standard care or controlled writing in reducing postpartum depression and stress among women with psychological distress. Expressive writing resulted in a significant reduction in initial depression with standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.65%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.08 to -0.22, Z = 2.96, P = 0.003, in comparison to controlled writing as an intervention. Regarding expressive writing versus standard care, a narrative review was conducted due to an I² above 75%. The results showed significant improvements compared to the baseline at the seventh day and third month post-intervention. In terms of stress scores, there was a significant difference favoring expressive writing over standard care at the first month (SMD = -0.80%, 95% CI = -1.35 to -0.24, Z = 2.81, P = 0.005) and third month (SMD = -0.53%, 95% CI = -0.86 to -0.20, Z = 3.13, P = 0.002) post-intervention. Stress scores are also greatly reduced for expressive writing versus controlled writing with SMD = -0.79%, 95% CI = -1.03 to -0.55, Z = 6.48, P < 0.00001. However, the effectiveness of expressive writing on postpartum anxiety should be interpreted cautiously due to low certainty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Expressive writing serves as an effective alternative for non-pharmacological intervention for postpartum women with depression and stress, but more research is needed for postpartum anxiety. As substantial heterogeneity was detected, results must be interpreted cautiously. Postpartum women with psychological distress are encouraged to use expressive writing as an affordable way to promote maternal mental health for the benefit of both the mother and the child.</p>","PeriodicalId":14164,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FIGO-GCH joint consensus statement on the current status and recommendations for the use of blind intrauterine procedures in the evaluation and management of women with suspected intrauterine pathologies.","authors":"Juan Diego Villegas-Echeverri, Rachel Pope, Magali Robert, Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein, Sergio Haimovich, José Carugno, Luis A Pacheco, Attilio Di Spiezio Sardo","doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historically, blind intrauterine procedures such as dilation and curettage (D&C) and blind endometrial biopsies have been the primary approach for diagnosing and managing intrauterine pathologies. However, these techniques lack direct visualization, leading to diagnostic limitations, incomplete treatment, and increased complication rates. Despite substantial advances in hysteroscopic technology, including high-definition imaging and minimally invasive instruments, blind procedures remain widely used. This paper examines the limitations of blind intrauterine procedures, underscoring the advantages of hysteroscopy, which provides real-time visualization and allows for more accurate, targeted interventions. With the adoption of the \"See and Treat\" philosophy, hysteroscopy enables nearly 90% of procedures to be performed in an office setting, enhancing both patient convenience and outcomes. FIGO and GCH advocate for the gradual replacement of blind procedures with hysteroscopic approaches whenever feasible, noting that hysteroscopy improves diagnostic accuracy, reduces risks, and minimizes the need for repeat interventions. Recommendations include expanding access to hysteroscopy through targeted training, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where financial and logistical barriers limit access to advanced gynecological care. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the importance of patient-centered care, encouraging transparent counseling to support informed decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":14164,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with maternal mortality in eastern Ethiopia: A multicenter case-control study.","authors":"Mohammed Yuya, Abera Kenay Tura, Sagni Girma, Redwan Ahmed, Marian Knight, Thomas van den Akker","doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with maternal mortality in 13 public hospitals with maternity units in eastern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nested case-control study embedded within the Ethiopian Obstetric Surveillance System (EthOSS) cohort. EthOSS was established in April 2021 to monitor women admitted with severe obstetric complications (e.g., obstetric hemorrhage, eclampsia, uterine rupture, sepsis, and severe anemia) during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. The cases were all women who died during pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum in these hospitals, while women who survived these complications were the controls. For each case, we randomly selected three controls. The factors associated with maternal mortality were described using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Associations were examined using binary logistic regression analysis followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis for factors with P < 0.25. Finally, P < 0.05 was considered as the cut-off for a statistically significant association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 280 women (70 cases and 210 controls) were included in the study. Compared to survivors, women who died were more likely to have given birth by caesarean section (aOR = 3.35; 95% CI 1.49-7.53), to have been admitted into an intensive care unit (aOR = 6.58; 95% CI 2.08-20.82), to have had postpartum hemorrhage (aOR = 6.39; 95% CI 2.56-15.94), and to have had a pre-existing medical condition (aOR = 5.39; 95% CI 1.16-24.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improving maternal survival requires appropriate indications for caesarean sections, safe surgical conditions, seamless communication between facilities (particularly in high-risk pregnancies), adequate multidisciplinary care for women with pre-existing conditions, and effective intensive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14164,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pregnancy termination law reforms in Ireland on pregnancy termination rates in the setting of fetal congenital heart disease: A trend analysis.","authors":"Fiona Cody, Nollaig Kelleher, Zara Molphy, Patrick Dicker, Fergal Malone, Sirisha Bellamkonda, Fiona Mc Elligott, Fionnuala M Breathnach","doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.16021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prior to 2019, termination of pregnancy (TOP) was unlawful in Ireland. We sought to examine the impact of legislative change on TOP for major congenital heart disease (CHD) and its effect on parental decision-making regarding the options of complex surgery, TOP, or palliative perinatal care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a trend analysis of second-trimester TOP for major CHD before and after the law reforms relating to pregnancy termination in Ireland. Retrospective data were collected on pregnancies complicated by major CHD at the largest tertiary referral obstetric center in Ireland from January 2017 to December 2023. Suspected CHD cases were referred to a dedicated fetal medicine/cardiology service. Major CHD was defined as an expected requirement for cardiac intervention in the first year of life. Genetic testing was performed where required, counseling was offered, and individualized care plans were developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a consecutive unselected cohort, 269 of 60 871 screened pregnancies fulfilled criteria for a diagnosis of major CHD. Major CHD was an isolated abnormality in 55% (147/269) of cases, while an extracardiac diagnosis was identified in 45% (162/269). TOP was chosen in 21% (16/76) of cases prior to legislative change and in 20% (39/193) of cases after legislative change (P = 0.158). The TOP rate was 8% (13/147) in isolated CHD cases, compared with 34% (42/122) in the setting of additional abnormalities (structural or genetic).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed no difference in the rate of TOP for major CHD before and after TOP law reforms in Ireland on the grounds of fetal abnormality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14164,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}