{"title":"The Power of an ‘Absolutely Not’ by the Pakistani PM Imran Khan: A Critical Discourse Analysis","authors":"Muhammad Amjad, Muhammad Ahmad, Attiya Bano","doi":"10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)28","url":null,"abstract":"People use language for different social practices, for different purposes and in different contexts. Discourse analysis is a vast and deep field of study which examines these social practices to understand the hidden meanings behind the text. The objective of this paper was to analyze a simple but very strong and amazing phrase ‘absolutely not’ by the Pakistani PM in a particular context. The PM used this phrase during an interview with Jonathan Swan on HBO on Saturday, June 19, 2021 when he was asked a question about giving military bases to the US in Pakistan for targeted operations in Afghanistan. The worldwide print and electronic media discussed and interpreted this amazing phrase ‘absolutely not’ focusing on the past Pak-US relationships and its impacts on future politics in the region, but this article tried to clarify and highlight some precise meanings attached to this amazing term. This ‘absolutely not’ also takes on symbolic meanings. It shows the PM’s moral standpoint against anti-peace-keeping policies in the region, shows its power and impact on the present and future policies to establish regional peace, and it shows the PM’s love for peace in the region and also the possible consequences as stated in the research questions. Fairclough’s model in CDA has been used to analyze this amazing ‘absolutely not’ and contribute to existing knowledge by filling a research gap. The present economic and political ground realities are a true picture of this critical analysis, and more research of this ‘absolutely not’ should be conducted in the future according to the upcoming ground realities in the region.","PeriodicalId":141535,"journal":{"name":"PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Features of Pakistani English Creative Writing: An In-depth Study of Language use, Reader Engagement, Voice, Quality, Originality and universality in the Works of Akhtar, Tahir, and Sidhwa","authors":"","doi":"10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":141535,"journal":{"name":"PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Matloob, Ur Rasool, Arfa Naeem, Ayesha Saif, Ur Rehman
{"title":"An Analysis of Discursive Manipulative Strategies and Rhetorical Devices in Political Interviews of Ousted Prime Minister Imran Khan","authors":"Muhammad Matloob, Ur Rasool, Arfa Naeem, Ayesha Saif, Ur Rehman","doi":"10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)05","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses Imran Khan's conversation by focusing on discursive manipulative strategies, polarisation strategies and rhetorical devices with Marc Fennell of ABC Australia, his Interview on CNN with Becky Anderson and Sky News U.K. and his response to losing the government and accusing the U.S. of his regime change. The study aims to evaluate the potential impact of such strategies on public opinion and discourse and to help develop awareness to counter manipulative practices in political interviews. Using a qualitative approach and integrating social identity theory and self-categorisation theory, the study identifies logical fallacies, emotional and loaded language, and diversionary techniques as the most frequently used manipulative strategies. It also highlights the effectiveness of emotionally charged language and rhetorical devices in swaying public opinion. The study concludes that politicians worldwide use similar techniques and rhetorical devices to persuade, guide, or manipulate the public and provide insights into the nature of political discourse in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":141535,"journal":{"name":"PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Umer Azim, Muhammad Nadeem Anwar
{"title":"Impact of Recasts in Improving English Essay Writing Skills of Pakistani College-level EFL Learners","authors":"Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Umer Azim, Muhammad Nadeem Anwar","doi":"10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)22","url":null,"abstract":"The role of feedback is considered positive in improving English writing skills. The article aims to examine the impact of recasts on the essay-writing skills of Pakistani L2 learners and ascertain the perception of the learners towards using recast-based feedback on their essay writing skills. The study employed an experimental research design, with 50 college-level students divided into two groups: experimental (n = 25) and control (n = 25). For eight weeks, the experimental group received both traditional and recast-based linguistic feedback on their essay writing tasks, while the control group received just traditional input. Pre and post-tests were conducted before and after eight weeks' (24-hour) treatment to determine differences between the mean scores. A subset of participants was selected for semi-structured interviews to discuss their perceptions and experiences with the recast feedback. The outcomes indicated that the treatment group outperformed the control group and that the subjects of the study perceived recast-based feedback as a positive activity that enhances motivation, confidence, and autonomy. The study has pedagogical and academic implications.","PeriodicalId":141535,"journal":{"name":"PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW","volume":"57 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validity Argument for Professional Language Assessment: Evaluating ‘PPSC Test for Recruitment to the Post of Lecturer English’","authors":"Memona Mujahid, Dr. Nighat Shakur","doi":"10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)40","url":null,"abstract":"The current research aims to evaluate the validity of the Recruitment Test for Lecturer English (TRLE) conducted by the Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC). The test scores are used to allocate subject experts to teach English language at degree colleges in Punjab. The researcher follows a mixed-method approach focusing on quantitative data analysis of the five PPSC-TRLEs held between 2013 and 2022. The theories of language test validity informed the validity argument and guided the researcher to devise a tailored analytical framework. The quantitative data analysis and comparison of five tests reveal that it under-represents certain areas of language and exhibits inter-test and intra-test inconsistency. The inclusion of inappropriate and insufficient content leads to invalid test development and unfair decisions. The findings suggest that the test is not flawed for assessing candidates’ language proficiency and predicting their language ability. The study recommends further research to investigate the reliability of the same test and recruitment tests for other subjects.","PeriodicalId":141535,"journal":{"name":"PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW","volume":"41 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Digital Stress on Students’ Online Learning Readiness: University Students’ Standpoint","authors":"","doi":"10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)06","url":null,"abstract":"Digital stress has significant effect on students’ online learning readiness. The main aim of this study was to examine university students’ standpoint concerning effect of digital stress on their online learning readiness. Data were collected from 509 participants enrolled in two universities, located in Khyber Pakhtunkhaw who were selected randomly. A survey questionnaire, consisted of two scales, digital stress scale and online learning readiness scale were used to measure the perceptions of students. To analyze the collected data, Mean score, Standard Deviation, Pearson’s correlation and Regression analysis were applied. Results of the study revealed that students strongly agreed that digital stress had an effect on their online learning readiness with mean score higher 4.00. All the four hypotheses of the study were accepted which indicate that mode of delivery (r=.960), comfort level (=.918), capacity to learn (r=.833), and learning atmosphere (r=.712) had strong effect on online learning readiness of students in the context of Pakistan. It is concluded that digital stress is a strong predictor of online learning readiness of university students. Policy makers and developers may focus on this important issue while developing policies or developing curriculum for online education. Further studies are recommended to test these results in other contexts. Since this study, was confined to Malakand region, researchers may investigate other variables such as gender, ethnic differences or region wise effect of the variables to have wider understanding of the issue.","PeriodicalId":141535,"journal":{"name":"PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ismail Rahu, Riaz Hussain, Saleemullah Channa
{"title":"An Analysis of Social Class Effects on Individual's Response to Linguistic Processes","authors":"Muhammad Ismail Rahu, Riaz Hussain, Saleemullah Channa","doi":"10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)13","url":null,"abstract":"This study analysis how a person's socioeconomic standing affects language uses, interpretation","PeriodicalId":141535,"journal":{"name":"PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The process of Individuation of the Main Character in Hermann Hesse’s Demian","authors":"","doi":"10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)15","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an attempt to analyze the process of individuation of the main character. The process of individuation means to know oneself. The novel is the main source of data collection. Books, research articles are secondary sources. This research is qualitative. Research approach is inductive. Research technique is interpretive content analysis. The current study indicates that psychological strength of all human beings is intertwined with the socially undesirable contents of personality. By embracing these unwelcome parts, the search for the self is nearly completed. The search for self-identity is important and cannot be ignored. A person suffers from mental, physical and social issues due to lack of attention to the self and his lack of ability to recognize and integrate the opposites of good and bad in the form of “ persona ”, “ shadow ” and the likes in him. Such a person suffers from psychological disorders. Psychoanalytic theory can be applied to study other characters of the novel.","PeriodicalId":141535,"journal":{"name":"PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Self-Motivation on Academic Performance of Students of Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh","authors":"","doi":"10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":141535,"journal":{"name":"PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validating Directed Motivational Currents in the Acquisition of English as a Second Language","authors":"","doi":"10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2024(8-i)21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":141535,"journal":{"name":"PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW","volume":"23 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}