International Journal of Nautical Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting Lomellina, 1516: The Hull Shape","authors":"M. Guérout, Beatrice Frabetti, Filipe Castro","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2023.2186748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2186748","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is a reanalysis of the Lomellina shipwreck (1516), found in 1979 at Villefranche-sur-Mer and excavated between 1982 and 1990, and an attempt at reconstructing the hull shape in light of recent developments in computer graphics and hull reconstruction methodologies. After revising the excavation data, the authors propose a new reconstruction of this unique ship, using off-the-shelf 3D software (Rhinoceros), aiming at understanding its slim hull shape.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"23 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43573774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronze Fastenings Used on an 18th-Century Ship Built for the East India Company","authors":"John M. Bingeman, J. Dunlop","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2022.2159188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2159188","url":null,"abstract":"To solve the problem of the electrolytic destruction of iron fastenings created by the introduction of copper sheathing on ships, the British Admiralty around 1780 replaced all underwater iron fastenings with hardened copper bolts (Bingeman et al., 2000, p. 222). At least one teak-hulled East Indiaman built in Bombay (Mumbai) in the 18th century was fastened with bronze and not copper bolts. This may have been a directive from Mr Gabriel Snodgrass, the surveyor to the Honourable East India Company (1757–96), already famous in 1771 for introducing iron knees and diagonal braces in their ship construction (Fincham, 1851). Mr Snodgrass was widely consulted by the Admiralty since East Indiamen were considered in many ways to be superior to Admiralty-built ships. The 1788 Bombay-built East Indiaman, Sir Edward Hughes, after nine profitable trading voyages to Madras and China over 16 years, was presented to the Admiralty and became a 38-gun 5th Rate Frigate called Tortoise. Tortoise saw naval service in the Mediterranean as well as with the West African Squadron suppressing the Slave Trade, when fleet reductions in 1834 made it redundant. Rather than scrap this fine vessel with a solidly-built teak hull, it was relegated to be a coal hulk at Milford Haven. When a new requirement arose in 1838 for a store ship serving Ascension Island in the Atlantic, no suitable vessel was readily available, so the coal hulk Tortoise was reprieved to be the future Ascension Island 12-gun guardship (Figure 1). Twenty-one years later on the 18 October 1859, the Admiralty ordered Tortoise to be broken up at Ascension Island (Lyon, 1980). HMS Mæander, built at Chatham Dockyard in 1840, arrived at Ascension Island on 21 January 1860 to replace it (Museum Archive, 1860). The transfer of personnel and stores to Mæander would have taken some time with no apparent need for urgency. Given the position of where the wreck identified as Tortoise lies now, it must have either been sailed from Georgetown or been towed by ships’ boats round to the north corner of the Island between June and September, the calmer months each year; then run ashore on what is known today as Power House Bay (since the power house was constructed in 1960). The bay chosen was shingle, and not a sandy bay used by the green turtles (Chelonia mydas) to lay their eggs.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"214 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47713862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sun – Current – Ocean Swell: Additional Remarks on Viking-Age Navigational Skills","authors":"T. Weski","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2023.2193491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2193491","url":null,"abstract":"The function of the so-called ‘sun compasses’ was recently discussed in this journal by Wojciech Filipowiak, who dismissed the idea of their use as a navigational aid of the Vikings to find their way across the open seas (Filipowiak, 2020). There is, apart from a few remarks, nothing to add to his argumentation, but there are a couple of other navigational means, recorded outside the late medieval North Atlantic region, which are worth considering, but have not been discussed yet. Unlike the use of astrolabes and cross-staffs, which have been tested on transatlantic passages (Beach & Atkinson, 2004; Knox-Johnston, 1991, pp. 191–200, 2013, pp. 69–71; Köberer, 2014) there is only one mentioned, but failed attempt of practical testing of a sun disc. In 1991/92, Burghard Pieske crossed the Atlantic from Denmark to New York in a scaled-down copy of the Gokstad ship, Wiking Saga (Pieske, 1993, pp. 28, 33–35). In 1992 (no date given), after wintering in Greenland, it was planned to use a sun disc for measuring the latitude on a passage to Labrador. On the beginning of the passage, though the sky was partly overcast, the instrument was tested. Unfortunately, under these conditions the central pin of the disc did not cast a shadow. Later on, the sky became totally overcast and this lasted until the end of the crossing (Pieske, 1993, pp. 330, 333–334). When using the sun for finding the latitude during a passage, one has to allow for the sun’s declination moving to the north or the south. Apart from a couple of weeks, immediately before and after the summer or winter solstice, this reaches up to 24 ́ a day (Reed’s, 1981, pp. 12–81). It adds up to about 2° on a five-day passage, which equals 120 nm at the equator. On the other hand, simple navigational instruments can well be used as aids for steering the right course, as Timothy Severin showed in 1980 when he was able to find the latitude on a trip from the Persian Gulf to India by using a ‘kamal’ and Polaris (Severin, 1983, pp. 96–98). Apart from the Pole Star others were utilized as well by the Arabs on long-distance voyages (Shihab, 2013, pp. 21–34). These techniques were practically tested in 2010 during a passage from Muscat to Singapore on Jewel of Muscat (Staples, 2013, pp. 51–60). It must be pointed out that in Nordic written sources there are no hints for the use of any kind of instrument for navigational purposes. Instead, there is a note from AD 1267 about an expedition to northern Greenland, stating that ‘the sun shone day and night. When he was south, he was not higher above the horizon that his shadow covered the face of a man who was laying on a thwart in a six-rower’ (Schnall, 1975, p. 90, translation author). The settlement of far-off lying islands started in the early Neolithic period not only in Europe, but elsewhere as well (e.g. Weski, 1982, p. 191), which is a clear indication that the necessary skill for offshore navigation must have been available. This applies also to the trade bet","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"230 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45494954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Ancient Egyptian Rudder from Thonis-Heracleion","authors":"A. Belov","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2022.2137995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2137995","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The city of Thonis-Heracleion, a major ancient port on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt in the Late and Ptolemaic Periods, contains the largest known accumulation of ancient ships in the world. During the last excavation season in the spring of 2021, a small rudder was discovered in the vicinity of one of the shipwrecks. The article is devoted to the context and construction of the rudder.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"51 1","pages":"325 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44298097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apollonia on My Mind: The Memoir of a Paraplegic Ocean Scientist","authors":"COLIN J. M. Martin","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2022.2111985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2111985","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"51 1","pages":"414 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46397411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"God on Board: Zeus the Saviour, the Stern and the Stylis on a 4th-century BC red-figure Hydria from Ancient Capua (Campania, Italy)","authors":"Giuseppina Gadaleta","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2022.2122242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2122242","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A red-figure hydria from Capua in Badisches Landesmuseum (Karlsruhe, Germany) depicts a young man and a woman standing next to a ship. This article examines the iconographic details that allow us to recognize a farewell scene next to the stern of the ship. The importance of the ship’s stern in governing a voyage is emphasized by the stylis, a tall rod symbolizing the presence on board of the god who protected navigation. On this Campanian artefact of the 4th century BC, Zeus the Saviour is in fact evoked by the inscription painted on a tablet fixed on the rod itself.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"51 1","pages":"376 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43291886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maritime Claims and Underwater Archaeology: When History Meets Politics, Brill Research Perspectives in the Law of the Sea","authors":"O. Varmer","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2022.2125661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2125661","url":null,"abstract":"the passengers and crew were rescued. In 1973 iron guns and ballast pigs were discovered. They had produced extensive ferrous concretions, including trapped cannon balls, as is usual in this kind of shipwreck. Indeed, the same situation was present when Mercurio (1812) was discovered in Italy. The identification of a section of the hull is mentioned, and a sketch is published, but nothing more is discussed regarding the ship’s design or build. A quick list of finds includes carronades, cannon balls, a gun-lock, bronze tools for powder barrels, naval grenades, copper-alloy bolts and spikes, gudgeons, and coaks on sheaves. More unusual items include the bronze chain from a bilge pump, pieces from octants and sextants, a naval sword, medical implements, apothecaries’ weights, decorative silverwork and buttons from uniforms. The discovery of Roman coins, which are interpreted as souvenirs belonging to the crew, is very curious. In conclusion, this publication is an interesting collection of documents regarding the story of these two ships, illustrated by a selection of the finds recovered from the sites, but without a significant comparative study, as clearly reflected by the rather concise bibliography (less than two pages). We can only wish that the authors will publish, in the near future, an exhaustive edition of the archaeological research carried out on these interesting shipwrecks, which would be of great interest for maritime archaeologists working on wrecks of these periods, and which might constitute an appropriate reward for the work of the volunteers and archaeologists who collaborated on this project.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"51 1","pages":"424 - 426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42404900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roman Seas: A Maritime Archaeology of Eastern Mediterranean Economies","authors":"Naseem Raad","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2022.2137308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2137308","url":null,"abstract":"shipshed complexes such as Zea or Oiniadai in the discussion of the Kition shipsheds, especially concerning their inclination and supporting ramp configuration. The discussion of the Imperial Period pottery in the third section, does not, for reasons not clarified, include transport amphoras, which are not only some of the most common finds in such contexts, but would allow for a better dating of the deposit and help draw conclusions about commercial traffic in the harbour during the period. Finally, the book includes no abstract in English or any other language, making it quite difficult to use for non-French speakers. Despite these few drawbacks, however, this book is an excellent publication of a very important, long and fruitful excavation of a significant military harbour of the ancient Levant, and presents a well-written account of the site, its geomorphology and finds, as well as a very important discussion of its original form and function within its historical context. It offers a full and broadbased account of an important find, as all excavation publications and studies should.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"51 1","pages":"417 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44764217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timber Resources for the ‘Bremen Cog’","authors":"M. Belasus, A. Daly","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2022.2122243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2122243","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2016, about 40 years after the first dendrochronological investigation of the ‘Bremen Cog’, a new comprehensive analysis was carried out, which included an examination of timber quality. The new dating of 55 samples matches with the 1960s’ results. However, their provenance was established in the direct hinterlands of Bremen. The anatomical features of the vessel's timber reflect heavily exploited forests in the vicinity of a late medieval town. They comply with the forest history of the western part of the North European Plain and can be considered critical for quality in shipbuilding.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"51 1","pages":"207 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48885160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kalverev Syd: Report on the Excavation and Documentation of a Mid-13th Century Shipwreck from Storstrømmen, Denmark","authors":"M. H. Thomsen, Matko Čvrljak","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2022.2150817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2150817","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prior to the building of a new bridge over the Storstrømmen sound, the Viking Ship Museum performed an archaeological survey of the affected area. During the survey, medieval ship timbers were encountered, leading to the excavation of the aft port section of the bottom of a clinker-built vessel with external caulking laths and sintels. The building of the vessel is dendrochronologically dated to ca. AD 1250-55. The find was documented in situ using 3D photogrammetry and subsequently salvaged and acquired for further 3D laser scan documentation and conservation. This process is presented here in great detail, enabling the reader to build upon our experience, and thus contributing to the rapidly evolving best practise for underwater 3D recording. Additionally, a comprehensive programme of scientific analyses was initiated leading to elaboration on the interesting insights into the vessel’s working life.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"51 1","pages":"389 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42245402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}