International Journal of Nautical Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"Alkedo, a Roman Imperial Ship from Pisa: A Study of its Hull Construction and Hypothetical Reconstruction","authors":"Juan‐Pablo Olaberria, C. Tejedor, Andrea Camilli","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2023.2193065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2193065","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Alkedo (also known as Pisa San Rossore-C) is a shipwreck found in Pisa, Italy, dated to the 1st century AD. It was built using mortise-and-tenon joinery, equipped with a cutwater-stem fitted with a reinforced wooden ram. Its interior arrangement has survived, making it possible to study its sailing and rowing configuration. A unique feature is the two lateral benches that allowed the crew to act as human ballast. This article discusses Alkedo's construction and proposes a reconstruction of the ship, suggesting it was built for speed, used for some official role (naval, pilot boat) or as a pleasure boat, built in the style of a naval ship.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"44 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46573012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roman ‘Well-cisterns’, Navigational Routes, and Landscape Modifications in the Venice Lagoon and Northeastern Adriatic","authors":"C. Beltrame, Stefano Medas, P. Mozzi, G. Ricci","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2023.2182984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2182984","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Underwater investigations in the lagoon of Venice have revealed a partially preserved structure interpreted as a Roman ‘well-cistern’. It is indeed very similar to another, better-preserved building excavated in the same area. The analysis of the mortar, the evaluation of the depth of the structure base in relation to relative sea level, and the absence of foundation poles in the underlying soft lagoon mud support such interpretation. A comparison with other poorly-studied Roman buildings of the same type located along the North Adriatic littoral suggests that they were probably used to supply ships with fresh water. In the Middle Ages, similar structures were used in the islands of the lagoon for sustenance of its residents and became a characteristic of the small squares (campi) of Venice.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"133 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41448389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mast-step Coins in Roman Ships: Votive Offerings to Isis Pelagia?","authors":"J. Wade","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2023.2203323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2203323","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mast-step coins have been discovered in Roman shipwrecks dating from the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century CE, and their placement at the foot of the ship’s mainmast was a deliberate act with significant maritime and religious meaning. This article argues that, in antiquity, mast-step coins were votive offerings to a deity associated with the mast and sails of ancient sailing vessels, and it is proposed that this deity was Isis Pelagia, the inventor of navigation and mistress of the sea. Through a discussion of Isis Pelagia’s iconography and other aspects of Isis’ cult, including her sailing festivals and aretalogy, it is posited that the mast came to symbolize the goddess whose natural place was on the decks of Roman ships, holding their billowing sails and guiding them safely to shore. Allegorically, these coins may thus have been placed at the feet of Isis Pelagia.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"106 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45063755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An 18th-Century Ship to North America? A Case Study of the Baleineaux 3 Shipwreck (Island of Ré, France)","authors":"Gaëlle Dieulefet, Félix Gómez","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2023.2191526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2191526","url":null,"abstract":"The Baleineaux 3 wreck site off western France lies in an area that is stirred up every day by strong currents at the tides’ turns and hit by storms. From this tragic shipwreck, which took place at the foot of the lighthouse, remain cannons, burnt fragments and vestiges scattered over 70 acres of a rocky seabed and an underwater canyon. Research has revealed that the wreck seems clearly situated in the 18th-century network of colonial navigation towards the American east coast, for which archaeological remains are still few and far between. This article reviews the archaeological campaigns, the main discoveries and advances in maritime archaeology.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"205 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46279402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World: Economy and the Maritime Cultural Landscape of Greece","authors":"Ioannis Nakas","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2022.2159185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2159185","url":null,"abstract":"translation, seven translators with different backgrounds, both professional translators and (maritime) archaeologists, were hired. This often resulted in the use of different terminologies within the technical language. Also certain geographical terms are left in Dutch while in other chapters the English term was used, and variations between British and American English were used throughout the different chapters. This however should not be seen as an obstacle to read this immense body of work and should definitely not diminish the enormous qualitative work of both the author and the editors. In the preface it is rightly mentioned that Vlierman has ‘set a new standard for examining, measuring, describing and presenting cogs and other shipwrecks’ (p. 18). Such a high standard in this type of complete study and reconstruction of one or more ships in the framework of modern archaeological policies and practices is often very difficult to achieve due to the limitation of time and/or funding. Therefore, Vlierman and his life’s work are to be commended. A special note should be mentioned for Hemmy Clevis, who realised the publication of Vlierman’s manuscript before Clevis’ passing in late 2022. To sum up: I recommend you purchase this work and put the double-volume (10 kg heavy) luxury box near your desk, as it is a useful standard work for all shipwreck enthusiasts.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"240 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41904012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paths Across the Sea: Meteo-Marine Conditions for Coastal Navigation Around the Balearic Islands During the Middle and Late Bronze Ages","authors":"Manuel Calvo-Trias, Alejandra Galmés-Alba, Stefano Medas, Gabriel Servera-Vives","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2022.2155384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2155384","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Throughout history the Balearic Islands have had different degrees of social connectivity between the islands themselves and between them and the mainland. While the influence of historical dynamics is well documented, less so is the impact of winds, currents, and meteo-marine conditions. This paper analyses the meteo-marine conditions for coastal navigation to better understand how these configured the main maritime routes across the islands. We focus on the seafaring communities of the Balearic Islands in the Bronze Age when a series of sites along the coastline suggest the creation of a network of coastal infrastructure to support maritime mobility.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"158 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42067722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Maritime Economy of Ancient Cyprus in Terms of the New Institutional Economics","authors":"Maria Michael","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2023.2195234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2195234","url":null,"abstract":"ment, including architectural remains, as well as imported and local pottery and figurines. He concludes that the settlement was related to limited small-scale seafaring in comparison with other, larger settlements of the period, and highlights the role of such small-scale centres in wider exchange networks between the coasts and the islands of the contemporary Aegean. The article is adequately illustrated by several maps and photographs. The next paper is by Chiara Maria Mauro, who addresses the issue of the closed harbours (λιμήν κλειστός) of the Classical Period, a term often found in written sources, which has puzzled modern scholars. She thoroughly addresses the problem of the different interpretations that have been suggested (military harbours, fortified harbours or enclosed basins?) by comparing ancient written evidence with modern archaeological data (plans and tables are included), and convincingly argues that it is most likely that the term was used to denote naturally or artificially closed basins of various kinds. The editor follows with his paper on the transition of the coastal settlements of Crete between the Early and the Late Roman Periods. The paper is eloquent and inclusive, combining archaeological and historical data on the development and change of the Cretan maritime cultural landscape. It focuses on the transformation from an area of numerous, but of little size or potential, coastal settlements to actual cities, equipped with harbour facilities, where coastal populations would gather in the later period. He also addresses issues such as sea-depth and the role of offshore islands (Dhia to the north or Koufonisi to the east). The last contribution is by George Harisson, who gives a rather exciting account of Roman Crete, related mostly to the issue of the Romanization of the island, the role of commerce and agriculture in its development, and the complexity of the island’s reality under the Roman Empire. The author gives a critical account, based mostly on historical sources and inscriptions, of the existence of a Roman colony at Knossos (he presents evidence that there was no such thing) and emphasizes the dual and complicated nature of Crete as an isolated yet globalized entity within the Roman Empire. The two last papers offer an excellent overview of the maritime cultural landscape of Roman Crete by relating it not only to local finds and conditions but also to the reality of the contemporary Mediterranean world. Unfortunately, these last two articles include no illustrations of any kind. The volume achieves most of its aims: it brings together scholars of different backgrounds, specializing in different periods and areas, in order to present the results of their studies and to generate interest and discussion about the maritime cultural landscape of Greece and its economic, as well as cultural, political, religious, social and technical environment. The papers are well-researched and written and provide new insights i","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"241 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43762537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dolphin: A Standard Defensive Weapon on Ancient Mediterranean Merchant Ships or a Specialized Weapon for Specific Situations?","authors":"S. Mark","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2023.2187944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2187944","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A long-held belief in classical Mediterranean seafaring is that merchant ships were outfitted with heavy weights called dolphins mounted at the ends of yardarms and were defensive weapons dropped on opposing ships to sink them. A review of the iconographic and textual evidence, however, reveals no evidence to support such a weapon was ever used on merchant ships sailing in the open seas, and instead, the textual evidence allows for the possibility that cranes or even catapults were outfitted on ships as offensive weapons as early as 424 BC and on merchant ships, but only under special conditions, in 413 BC.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"122 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44441652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Amphibious’ Excavation at Coastal Sites: The Use of a Cofferdam at Ambelaki, Salamis (Greece)","authors":"Christina Marabea","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2023.2191243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2191243","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2016 a joint interdisciplinary research project between the Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology (HIMA) and the Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports (EUA) has been continuing annually in the area of Ambelaki-Kynosoura, on the east coast of the island of Salamis (Greece), under the direction of Emeritus Professor Yannos G. Lolos and Dr Angeliki G. Simossi. The present paper outlines a newly applied methodology for the efficient investigation of submerged architectural remains of the Classical to Roman-Period town of Salamis, in shallow water, in the wider area where the allied Greek fleet assembled on the eve of the naval battle in 480 BC, as asserted bymodern historians (Lolos & Marabea, 2020) and in a present-day heavily polluted environment. This is a situation experienced by everybody who has been in the area over the past years. In all areas of our excavation the sand of the seabed is black. The excavation of submerged remains in shallow water does not have a long tradition in Greece, despite the existence of many such submerged sites along the Greek coasts and the application of the cofferdam excavation technique in other countries: e.g., British vessels at Yorktown (Broadwater, 1992), Viking ships at Skuldelev, Denmark (Olsen & Crumlin-Pedersen, 1968, p. 79, fig. 3), La Belle at Matagorda Bay, Texas, U.S.A. (Menotti, 2012, pp. 217–219; Viduka, 2012, pp. 8–9, with further references). This situation may be owed to the nature of such excavations, i.e., at the margins between land and sea, where both methodologies of land and underwater excavation have to be combined. Apart from many surveys, excavations of submerged remains in shallow waters using methods and techniques of underwater archaeology have been conducted in Greece, for example, at Abdera, Thrace (Samiou, 1993), Metochi on the west coast of the southern Pagasetikos Gulf, at depths of 0–2.5 m (Spondylis & Michalis, 2018, p. 79), at Kyllene in the western Peloponnese, at depths of 0–8 m (Pakkanen et al., 2018), at Pavlopetri in southern Laconia, at depths of 1–4 m (Henderson et al., 2011, p. 208), at Lambayianna in the southern Argolid, at depths of 1–3 m (Research Project ‘Koilada Bay 2017’). Furthermore, a clear water enclosure system (so-called ‘Pochin enclosure system’) has been applied for the investigation of submerged remains in shallow water at Zea in Piraeus (Lovén, 2003–2004, p. 8), though with a totally different purpose: it served as a means to obtain better visibility in polluted water. In Greece, the first successful investigation of ancient underwater remains by drainage was accomplished by Sylvia Benton in 1932, during her excavation of a partly submerged sea-side cave at the Bay of Polis in north Ithaca. She used a pump and dams, partly made of wood (Rennell Rodd, 1932–1933, pp. 18–20; Benton, 1934–1935, pp. 47–48, figs. 5–6). Later, in the 1960s, ‘amphibious’ excavations took place at Kenchreai, one of the two po","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"222 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42199182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Windward Sailing in Antiquity: The Elephant in the Room","authors":"D. Gal, H. Saaroni, D. Cvikel","doi":"10.1080/10572414.2023.2186688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2023.2186688","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study of windward sailing in antiquity is subject to discord, misunderstandings and misinterpretations. This paper attempts to broaden the understanding of windward sailing by revisiting the theoretical basis of windward sailing, performing a critical review of previous works, reconstructing historic passages with new methods to re-evaluate them being considered as unfavourable wind passages, and considering the ancient mariner’s limits of windward sailing. It is suggested that ancient ships had less windward capability than commonly perceived, and that the limits of the ancient mariners were more restrictive than ships’ technological windward capabilities, highlighting the necessity to consider practical windward capabilities.","PeriodicalId":14148,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology","volume":"52 1","pages":"179 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43419539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}