International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Selection bias confounds rheumatoid arthritis study.","authors":"Johannes Nossent","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handle with care: challenges associated with ultra-processed foods research.","authors":"Lauren E O'Connor, Kirsten A Herrick, Keren Papier","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae106","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interacting trends of colorectal cancer incidence: the combined effects of screening and birth cohort.","authors":"Chih-Lin Kuo, Jing-Rong Jhuang, Shih-Yung Su, Chun-Ju Chiang, Ya-Wen Yang, Li-Ju Lin, Pei-Chun Hsieh, Tsui-Hsia Hsu, Wen-Chung Lee","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae123","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer remains a major global public health challenge. Its incidence is shaped by a complex interplay of screening programmes and age, period and cohort factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We introduce a novel Age-Period-Cohort-Screening (APCS) model to analyse trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Taiwan from 2000 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2010, the incidence of colorectal cancer in Taiwan increased by 19.2% (95% CI: 13.5%, 25.3%) for men and 15.6% (95% CI: 9.2%, 22.4%) for women. This was followed by annual declines of 3.4% (95% CI: 2.8%, 4.1%) and 3.1% (95% CI: 2.4%, 3.9%), respectively. By 2015 for men and 2014 for women, the age-standardized incidence had fallen below the levels projected in a no-screening scenario. By 2019, the incidence had further declined by 12.4% (95% CI: 11.8%, 13.1%) for men and 11.6% (95% CI: 10.7%, 12.6%) for women, compared with the no-screening scenario. Cohort effects have shown a persistent rise from 1920 to 1980: incidence increased 5.8-fold for men and 3.1-fold for women. The trend began to plateau after 1980, with a noticeable decline in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through its screening programme, Taiwan has successfully reduced colorectal cancer incidence by 10% as of 2019. Furthermore, the incidence due to cohort effects has plateaued and even begun to decline. However, continued monitoring remains crucial. The advanced APCS model could serve as a robust analytical tool for other researchers and policy makers evaluating the impacts of cancer screening programmes on incidence trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling discordant vitamin D associations with prostate cancer incidence and fatality in a large, nested case-control study.","authors":"Lola Etiévant, Mitchell H Gail, Demetrius Albanes","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Published analyses of prostate cancer nested case-control and survival data in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort suggested that men with higher baseline vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have both (i) increased prostate cancer risk and (ii) decreased prostate cancer-specific fatality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate possible factors responsible for a spurious association with prostate cancer fatality, we reanalysed baseline serum vitamin D associations with prostate cancer risk and prostate cancer-specific fatality in case-control data nested within the ATBC Study (1000 controls and 1000 incident prostate cancer cases). Conditional logistic regression and Cox proportion hazard models were used, respectively, to estimate odds ratios for risk and hazard ratios for prostate cancer-specific fatality, overall and by disease aggressiveness. We replicated these case-control analyses using baseline serum measurements of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), beta-carotene and retinol (vitamin A), and used the entire ATBC Study cohort (n = 29 085) to estimate marginal associations between these baseline vitamins and prostate cancer incidence and fatality following blood collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vitamin D analyses agreed closely with those originally published, with opposite risk and fatality associations. By contrast, the analyses of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol yielded concordant associations for prostate cancer incidence and prostate cancer-specific fatality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found evidence of neither artefacts in the nested prostate cancer case-control data set nor detection or collider biases in the fatality analyses. The present findings therefore support a valid inverse (i.e. beneficial) association between vitamin D and prostate cancer-specific survival that warrants further evaluation, including possibly in controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Handle with care: challenges associated with ultra-processed foods research.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae133","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of physical activity: from sick individuals to healthy populations.","authors":"Pedro C Hallal, I-Min Lee, Olga Lucia Sarmiento, Kenneth E Powell","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conventional and genetic associations of BMI with major vascular and non-vascular disease incidence and mortality in a relatively lean Chinese population: U-shaped relationship revisited.","authors":"Andri Iona, Fiona Bragg, Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter, Iona Y Millwood, Neil Wright, Kuang Lin, Ling Yang, Huaidong Du, Yiping Chen, Pei Pei, Liang Cheng, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Avery, Canqing Yu, Jun Lv, Robert Clarke, Robin Walters, Liming Li, Sarah Parish, Zhengming Chen","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae125","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular and some non-cardiovascular diseases (CVDs/non-CVDs). However, uncertainty remains about its associations with mortality, particularly at lower BMI levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recruited >512 000 adults aged 30-79 years in 2004-08 and genotyped a random subset of 76 000 participants. In conventional and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) associating measured and genetically predicted BMI levels with incident risks of major vascular events (MVEs; conventional/MR 68 431/23 621), ischaemic heart disease (IHD; 50 698/12 177), ischaemic stroke (IS; 42 427/11 897) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH; 7644/4712), and with mortality risks of CVD (15 427/6781), non-CVD (26 915/4355) and all causes (42 342/6784), recorded during ∼12 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the mean BMI was 23.8 (standard deviation: 3.2) kg/m2 and 13% had BMIs of <20 kg/m2. Measured and genetically predicted BMI showed positive log-linear associations with MVE, IHD and IS, but a shallower positive association with ICH in conventional analyses. Adjusted HRs per 5 kg/m2 higher genetically predicted BMI were 1.50 (95% CI 1.41-1.58), 1.49 (1.38-1.61), 1.42 (1.31-1.54) and 1.64 (1.58-1.69) for MVE, IHD, IS and ICH, respectively. These were stronger than associations in conventional analyses [1.21 (1.20-1.23), 1.28 (1.26-1.29), 1.31 (1.29-1.33) and 1.14 (1.10-1.18), respectively]. At BMIs of ≥20 kg/m2, there were stronger positive log-linear associations of BMI with CVD, non-CVD and all-cause mortality in MR than in conventional analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among relatively lean Chinese adults, higher genetically predicted BMI was associated with higher risks of incident CVDs. Excess mortality risks at lower BMI in conventional analyses are likely not causal and may reflect residual reverse causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV incidence among non-migrating persons following a household migration event in Uganda.","authors":"Ruth Young, Joseph Ssekasanvu, Joseph Kagaayi, Robert Ssekubugu, Godfrey Kigozi, Steven J Reynolds, Maria J Wawer, Bareng Aletta Sanny Nonyane, Betty Nantume, Thomas C Quinn, Aaron A R Tobian, John Santelli, Larry W Chang, Caitlin E Kennedy, Ligia Paina, Philip A Anglewicz, David Serwadda, Fred Nalugoda, Mary Kate Grabowski","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae118","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of migration on HIV risk among non-migrating household members is poorly understood. We measured HIV incidence among non-migrants living in households with and without migrants in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used four survey rounds of data collected from July 2011 to May 2018 from non-migrant participants aged 15-49 years in the Rakai Community Cohort Study. Non-migrants were individuals with no-migration between surveys or at the prior survey. Household migration was defined as ≥1 household member migrating into or out of the house from another community between surveys (∼18 months). Incident HIV was defined as testing HIV seropositive following a negative result. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations. Analyses were stratified by gender, migration into or out of the household and the relationship between non-migrants and migrants (e.g. spouse, child).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 11 318 non-migrants (5674 women) were followed for 37 320 person-years. Twenty-eight percent (6059/21 370) of non-migrant person-visits had recent migration into or out of the household, and 240 HIV incident cases were identified. Overall, non-migrants in migrant households were not at greater risk of acquiring HIV than non-migrants in households without any migration. However, men were significantly more likely to acquire HIV if their spouse had recently migrated in [adjusted IRR: 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-4.27] or out (adjusted IRR: 4.01; 95% CI, 2.16-7.44) compared with men with no spousal migration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HIV incidence is higher among non-migrant men with migrant spouses. Targeted HIV testing and prevention interventions like pre-exposure prophylaxis could be considered for men with migrant spouses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy worker hire and survivor effects in a cohort of medical radiation workers.","authors":"Won Jin Lee, Jaeho Jeong, Ye Jin Bang, Young Min Kim","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae130","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The healthy worker effect may distort the association between exposure and health effects in workers. However, few studies have investigated both the healthy worker hire and survival effects simultaneously, and they are limited to mortality studies in male workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized a data set comprising South Korean diagnostic medical radiation workers registered in the National Dose Registry between 1996 and 2011, and merged it with mortality and cancer incidence data. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed for comparison with the general population. To account for time-varying confounders influenced by prior occupational radiation exposure, we applied g-estimation using structural nested accelerated failure time models and compared the outcomes with those from Weibull regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1831 deaths and 3759 first primary cancer cases were identified among 93 918 workers. Both male (SMR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.46) and female workers (SMR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.60) showed lower mortality rates compared with national rates. In the SIR analysis, male workers exhibited reduced risks of solid cancer whereas female workers had increased risks. The g-estimation-derived hazard ratios (HRs) from radiation exposure exceeded those from Weibull regression estimates for all-cause death (HR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.97, 3.23) and all-cancer incidence (HR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.52, 2.55) in male workers whereas female workers showed the opposite results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comprehensive consideration of the healthy worker effect by sex is essential for estimating the unbiased impact of occupational exposure on health outcomes, notably in studies focusing on male mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: Indian Study of Healthy Ageing (ISHA-Barshi).","authors":"Sharayu Sitaram Mhatre, Fiona Bragg, Nandkumar Panse, Parminder Kaur Judge, Ankita Manjrekar, Julie Ann Burrett, Suchita Patil, George Davey Smith, Lekha Kotkar, Caroline L Relton, Pravin Doibale, Bipin Gadhave, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Paul Sherliker, Prabhat Jha, Sarah Lewington, Rajesh Dikshit","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11180225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}